Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of 16 September 2020
Unofficial translation. Only the Russian original published in the official sources of the Russian Federation has legal force. This translation is provided for reference and does not replace the official document.
1. These Rules establish fire safety requirements determining the procedure for the conduct of persons, the procedure for organising production and (or) maintaining the territories, buildings, structures and premises of organisations and other protected facilities (hereinafter - protected facilities), to ensure fire safety.
2. Upon the detection of a fire or of signs of combustion in a building, in premises or on a territory (smoke, the smell of burning, a rise in air temperature, etc.), officials, individual entrepreneurs, citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons (hereinafter - natural persons) shall: immediately report this by telephone to the fire brigade, stating the name of the protected facility, the address of its location, the place where the fire originated, and the surname of the person reporting the information; take measures to evacuate people and, provided there is no threat to the life and health of people, measures to extinguish the fire at its initial stage. For each building, structure or group of buildings and structures of the same type by functional purpose and fire load, located at a single address (with the exception of residential houses, garden houses, outbuildings, and garages on garden land plots, on land plots for individual housing construction and for running a personal subsidiary smallholding), an instruction on fire safety measures is approved by the head of the public authority, the local self-government body or the organisation, irrespective of who its founder is, by the individual entrepreneur, or by another official authorised by the head of the organisation (hereinafter - the head of the organisation), in accordance with the requirements established by Section XVIII of these Rules, taking into account the specific features of the explosion-and-fire-hazardous and fire-hazardous premises in those buildings and structures. 2(1). The head of the organisation ensures the operation of buildings and structures in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and (or) the design documentation. (paragraph 2(1) introduced by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022)
3. Persons may be admitted to work at a protected facility only after undergoing training in fire safety measures. Training of persons in fire safety measures is carried out under fire-prevention briefing programmes or additional professional programmes. The procedure and time frames for training persons in fire safety measures are determined by the head of the organisation, taking into account the requirements of the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
4. The head of the organisation may appoint persons who, by virtue of the position they hold or the nature of the work they perform, are responsible for ensuring fire safety at the protected facility.
5. For a building or structure (other than residential houses) in which 50 or more persons may be present simultaneously (hereinafter - a protected facility with the mass presence of people), and also for a facility with permanent workplaces on a floor for 10 or more persons, the head of the organisation organises the development of plans for the evacuation of people in the event of a fire, which are placed in conspicuous locations.
6. For a protected facility with the round-the-clock presence of people (with the exception of retail, production and warehouse protected facilities, residential buildings, and facilities with personnel providing round-the-clock security), the head of the organisation organises the round-the-clock duty of the service personnel and provides the service personnel with telephone communication, serviceable hand-held electric torches (not fewer than 1 torch for each person on duty), and personal protective equipment for the human respiratory organs and eyes against the hazardous factors of fire, on the basis of not fewer than 1 item of personal protective equipment for the human respiratory organs and eyes against the hazardous factors of fire for each person on duty (taking into account their storage (shelf-life) periods).
7. In the buildings of organisations for children's recreation and health improvement, it shall not be permitted to place: (a) children on the attic floor of buildings and structures of fire-resistance degrees IV and V, and also of structural fire-hazard class C2 and C3; (b) more than 50 children in the premises of buildings and structures of fire-resistance degrees IV and V, and also of structural fire-hazard class C2 and C3; (c) more than 10 children on a floor with a single evacuation exit.
8. It shall be prohibited to use basement and ground floors for organising children's leisure activities (children's development centres, entertainment centres, halls for holding ceremonial events and celebrations, and sporting events) unless this is provided for by the design documentation.
9. At a protected facility with the mass presence of people, the head of the organisation ensures that practical drills on the evacuation of the persons carrying out their activities at the protected facility with the mass presence of people, and also of visitors, customers and other persons present in the building or structure, are held not less frequently than once every six months.
10. At the locations where fire receiving-and-control devices are installed, information shall be placed listing the premises protected by fire-protection installations. For non-addressable fire alarm systems, the group of monitored premises is indicated.
11. Smoking shall be prohibited on the territory and within the premises of warehouses and depots, grain-receiving points, cereal-crop areas and hayfields, healthcare, educational, transport and trade facilities, facilities for the extraction, processing and storage of highly flammable and combustible liquids and combustible gases, facilities for the production of all types of explosive substances, and explosion-and-fire-hazardous and fire-hazardous areas, with the exception of places specially designated for smoking in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The head of the organisation ensures the placement at the protected facilities of the fire safety signs "Smoking and the use of open flame prohibited". Places specially designated for smoking are marked with the sign "Smoking area".
12. The head of the organisation ensures the categorisation by explosion-and-fire hazard and fire hazard, and also the determination of the zone class in accordance with Chapters 5, 7 and 8 of Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", of premises (fire compartments) intended for production and warehouse use and of outdoor installations, with the marking of their categories (with the exception of premises of category D by explosion-and-fire hazard and fire hazard) and of the zone classes on the outer side of the entrance doors of the premises and on the installations within their servicing area, in a conspicuous place.
13. During the operation of a protected facility, the head of the organisation ensures compliance with the design solutions regarding the fire-resistance limits of building structures and engineering equipment, and carries out an inspection of the condition of the fire-retardant coating of building structures and engineering equipment in accordance with the regulatory documents on fire safety, and also with the technical documentation of the manufacturer of the fire-retardant material and (or) of the performer of the fire-retardant works. This documentation is kept at the protected facility. Where the technical documentation contains no information on the frequency of inspection, the inspection is carried out not less frequently than once a year. Based on the results of the inspection, a report (protocol) on the inspection of the condition of the fire-retardant coating is drawn up, stating the place (places) where damage to the fire-retardant coating is present, with a description of the nature of the damage (if any) and the recommended time frames for eliminating it. The head of the organisation ensures the elimination of damage to the fire-retardant coating of the building structures and engineering equipment of protected facilities. The head of the organisation, in accordance with the technical (design) documentation of the manufacturer of the fire-retardant material and (or) of the performer of the fire-retardant works, ensures the re-treatment of the structures and engineering equipment of protected facilities or the annual conduct of tests or of substantiations by calculation-and-analytical methods confirming the compliance of the structures and engineering equipment with the fire safety requirements.
14. The head of the organisation ensures the presence and serviceable condition of devices for the self-closing of fire doors, and also of the door handles, "anti-panic" devices, locks, seals and thresholds of fire doors provided for by the manufacturer, and, on the doors of stairwells and on the doors of evacuation exits, including those leading from the basement to the first floor (with the exception of doors leading into flats, corridors and entrance halls (foyers) and directly to the outside), of self-closing devices. It shall not be permitted to install any devices that impede the normal closing of fire or smoke-protection doors (devices).
15. The head of the organisation ensures the performance of works to seal, with non-combustible materials providing the required fire-resistance limit and smoke-and-gas impermeability, the openings and gaps that have formed at the points where fire barriers are crossed by various engineering and process utilities, including electrical wires, cables and pipelines.
16. At protected facilities it shall be prohibited: (a) repealed with effect from 1 September 2025. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 90 of 3 February 2025; (b) to use attics, technical, basement, underground and ground floors, undergrounds, ventilation chambers and other technical premises for organising production areas or workshops, and also for storing and using highly flammable and combustible liquids, gunpowder, explosive substances, pyrotechnic articles, cylinders of combustible gases, goods in aerosol packaging, fire-and-explosion-hazardous (fire-hazardous) substances and materials, waste of any hazard classes, products, equipment, furniture and other items, with the exception of the cases established by the regulatory documents on fire safety; (c) to place and operate storerooms and non-stationary retail units in lift lobbies, and also to store and place combustible materials there; (d) to install fixed (blind) grilles on the windows of basements and in the light wells at basement windows that serve as emergency exits, with the exception of the cases specially provided for in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the regulatory documents on fire safety; (e) to remove the doors of evacuation exits provided for by the design documentation from floor corridors, halls, foyers, entrance halls, vestibules and airlock vestibules and stairwells, and also other doors that impede the spread of the hazardous factors of fire along the evacuation routes; (f) to carry out changes to the space-planning solutions and the placement of engineering utilities, equipment and other items as a result of which access to fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other means of ensuring fire safety and fire extinguishing is restricted, or the coverage area of the fire-protection systems (automatic fire alarm systems, automatic fire-extinguishing installations, smoke protection, the warning and management of the evacuation of people in the event of a fire, and the internal fire-fighting water supply) is reduced; (g) repealed with effect from 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022; (h) to carry out the cleaning of premises and the cleaning of clothing using petrol, kerosene and other highly flammable and combustible liquids, and also to thaw frozen utilities that convey or contain within themselves combustible substances and materials using open flame (bonfires, gas burners, blowlamps, primus stoves, torches, candles); (i) to close louvres, or to glaze balconies (the open passages of external air zones), loggias and galleries leading to smoke-free stairwells; (j) to set up storerooms and other utility premises in stairwells, and also to store under stair flights and landings belongings, furniture, equipment and other items made of combustible materials; (k) to set up, in the production and warehouse premises of buildings (other than buildings of fire-resistance degree V), for the arrangement of workplaces, mezzanines, cubicles and other built-in premises with enclosing structures made of combustible materials (with the exception of materials of combustibility group G1); (l) to place, in stairwells, in floor corridors, and also on the open passages of the external air zones of smoke-free stairwells, the external units of air conditioners; (m) to operate, following a change in the functional fire-hazard class, buildings, structures, fire compartments and parts of a building, and also premises, that do not comply with the regulatory documents on fire safety in accordance with the new functional fire-hazard class; (n) to carry out changes connected with the arrangement of fire-protection systems without developing design documentation prepared in accordance with the regulatory documents on fire safety in force at the time of such changes.
17. The heads of organisations: (a) ensure the maintenance in serviceable condition of external fire escapes and of external open staircases intended for the evacuation of people from buildings and structures in the event of a fire, and also of the guardrails of the roofs of buildings and structures, and their clearing of snow and ice in wintertime; (b) organise, not less frequently than once every 5 years, the conduct of operational tests of fire escapes, of metal external open staircases intended for the evacuation of people from buildings and structures in the event of a fire, and of roof guardrails, with the drawing up of the corresponding test protocol and the entry of the information into the log of the operation of fire-protection systems. 17(1). The head of the organisation ensures the keeping of, and the entry of information into, the log of the operation of fire-protection systems. The log of the operation of fire-protection systems may be maintained in electronic form. The form for keeping the log of the operation of fire-protection systems is determined by the head of the protected facility. (paragraph 17(1) introduced by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022)
18. The light wells at the window openings of the basement and ground floors of buildings (structures) shall be cleared of debris and foreign objects. The doors (hatches) of attic spaces, and also of technical floors, undergrounds and basements in which, by virtue of the process conditions, the permanent presence of people is not envisaged, are kept locked. On the doors (hatches) of these premises, information on the storage location of the keys is placed.
19. The special clothing of persons working with oils, varnishes, paints and other highly flammable and combustible liquids is stored in a suspended state in cabinets made of non-combustible materials that are installed in places specially designated for this purpose. Wiping material (rags, paper, etc.) used when working with oils, varnishes, paints and other highly flammable and combustible liquids shall, after the completion of the work, be stored in metal containers with a tightly closing lid or be disposed of into a waste container installed at the domestic-waste collection site. The work of cleaning tools and equipment using highly flammable and combustible liquids is carried out in a fire-safe manner that excludes the possibility of spark formation.
20. In buildings with glazed curtain walls more than one storey in height, the disruption of the structures of the smoke-impermeable non-combustible diaphragms installed in the glazed curtain walls at the level of each floor shall not be permitted.
21. When holding events involving 50 or more people (hereinafter - events with the mass presence of people), the head of the organisation ensures: the inspection of the premises before the start of the events with the mass presence of people as regards compliance with fire safety measures; the duty of responsible persons on the stage and in the hall premises. In premises without electric lighting, events with the mass presence of people are held only during daylight hours. In these premises, natural lighting shall be provided. At events with the mass presence of people, electric garlands and illuminations that hold the corresponding certificates of conformity are used. Where a fault in the illuminations or garlands is detected (heating and damage to the insulation of the wires, sparking, etc.), the illuminations or garlands are immediately de-energised. The New Year tree is set up on a stable base and shall not obstruct the evacuation routes and the exits from the premises. The branches of the tree shall be located at a distance of not less than 1 metre from walls and ceilings made of combustible materials (with the exception of combustible materials with fire-hazard indicators of not lower than G1, V1, D2, T2), and also from the appliances of the heating and air-conditioning systems.
22. At protected facilities with the mass presence of people, it shall be prohibited: (a) to use arc floodlights with a degree of protection lower than IP54 and candles (except in religious buildings); (b) to carry out, before the start of or during a performance, hot work, painting work and other fire-hazardous and fire-and-explosion-hazardous work; (c) to reduce the width of the passages between rows and to place additional armchairs, chairs, etc. in the passages; (d) to exceed the standard number of people simultaneously present in halls (premises) and (or) the number determined by calculation, proceeding from the conditions for ensuring the safe evacuation of people in the event of a fire. In the absence of regulatory requirements on the maximum permissible number of people in a room, the calculation shall be based on a rate of not less than 1 square metre per person.
23. During the operation of evacuation routes and exits, the head of the organisation ensures compliance with the design solutions (as regards the lighting, number, dimensions and space-planning solutions of the evacuation routes and exits, and also the presence of fire safety signs along the evacuation routes) in accordance with the requirements of part 4 of Article 4 of Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".
24. Repealed with effect from 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022.
25. Where fire safety requirements are established for building structures as regards fire-resistance limits, the structural fire-hazard class and the filling of the openings in them, for the finishing of the external surfaces of outer walls and facade systems, and for the use of facing and decorative-finishing materials for the walls, ceilings and floor coverings of the evacuation routes, and also of the hall premises, documentation shall be kept at the protected facility confirming the fire-resistance limits, the fire-hazard class and the fire-hazard indicators of the building structures used, of the fillings of the openings in them, and of the articles and materials.
26. The fastenings (locks) on the doors of evacuation exits from floor corridors, halls, foyers, entrance halls, stairwells and hall premises, with the exception of protected facilities for which a special regime for the maintenance of premises (guarding, ensuring security) has been established, shall ensure the possibility of their being freely opened from within without a key. For protected facilities for which a special regime for the maintenance of premises (guarding, ensuring security) that does not allow the doors of such premises to be opened from within has been established, the automatic opening of the fastenings of the doors of evacuation exits shall be ensured upon a signal from the building's fire-protection systems and (or) remotely by an employee (worker) carrying out round-the-clock security. The head of the organisation, and also the personnel on duty at the protected facility at which a fire has broken out, provide the fire brigade units with access to any premises for the purposes of the evacuation and rescue of people and of restricting the spread of, localising and extinguishing the fire.
27. During the operation of evacuation routes and of evacuation and emergency exits, it shall be prohibited: (a) to install thresholds on evacuation routes (with the exception of thresholds in door openings), to install sliding and vertical-lift doors and gates without the possibility of manually opening them from within and locking them in the open position, revolving doors and turnstiles, and also other devices that impede the free evacuation of people, in the absence of other (backup) evacuation routes or in the absence of technical solutions allowing those devices to be manually opened and locked in the open position. In addition to the manual method, the use of an automatic or remote method of opening and locking the devices is permitted; (b) to place furniture (with the exception of seating for waiting) and items (with the exception of process, exhibition and other equipment) on evacuation routes, at the doors of evacuation and emergency exits, in the passages between sections and at the exits onto the roof (covering), and also to dismantle staircases connecting balconies and loggias floor by floor and staircases in light wells, or to block the hatches on the balconies and loggias of flats; (c) to set up, in the vestibules of the exits from buildings (with the exception of flats and individual residential houses), clothes dryers and clothes hangers or cloakrooms, and also to store (including temporarily) implements and materials; (d) to fix the self-closing doors of stairwells, corridors, halls and vestibules in the open position (unless devices automatically triggered in the event of a fire are used for these purposes), and also to remove them; (e) to change the direction in which doors open, with the exception of doors whose opening is not regulated or to which other requirements apply.
28. When placing process, exhibition and other equipment, and also seating for waiting, in premises and on evacuation routes (with the exception of stairs and stairwells), the head of the organisation ensures the geometric parameters of the evacuation routes established by the fire safety requirements.
29. Repealed with effect from 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022.
30. At a protected facility with the mass presence of people, the head of the organisation ensures the presence of serviceable hand-held electric torches on the basis of not fewer than 1 torch for each person on duty, and of personal protective equipment for the human respiratory organs and eyes against the hazardous factors of fire on the basis of not fewer than 1 item of personal protective equipment for the human respiratory organs and eyes against the hazardous factors of fire (taking into account their storage (shelf-life) periods) for each person on duty (where such equipment is available). The head of the organisation ensures, once a year, an inspection of the personal protective equipment for the human respiratory organs and eyes against the hazardous factors of fire to verify the absence of mechanical damage and their integrity, with the information being recorded in the log of the operation of fire-protection systems.
31. Carpets and carpet runners laid on evacuation routes over the floor coverings and in the evacuation passages at protected facilities shall be securely fastened to the floor.
32. It shall be prohibited to leave, at the end of working hours, electricity consumers, including domestic electrical appliances, not de-energised (not disconnected from the electricity network), with the exception of premises in which personnel are on duty, of electricity consumers of stand-by lighting and of fire-protection systems, and also of other electrical installations and electrical devices, where this is dictated by their functional purpose and (or) provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions. The electrical installations of the buildings of dormitories, hostels, general-education organisations, educational organisations with a boarding facility, pre-school educational organisations, specialised homes for the elderly and disabled (non-apartment type), the sleeping blocks of organisations for children's recreation and health improvement, and medical organisations intended for carrying out medical activities, are equipped with protective devices against arc breakdown, which are maintained in serviceable condition. The equipping of such buildings, put into operation before 1 March 2024, with those protective devices is carried out during their reconstruction or major repair. The installation of protective devices against arc breakdown in the distribution and group electricity-supply networks of fire-protection systems and of medical-purpose systems supporting the vital functions of patients shall not be permitted.
33. Streamers and banners, and also other advertising elements and structures placed on the facades of buildings and structures, are made of non-combustible materials or of materials with fire-hazard indicators of not lower than G1, V1, D2, T2, unless otherwise provided for in the technical or design documentation or in special technical conditions. At the same time, their placement shall not restrict the ventilation and natural lighting of stairwells or impede the use of other openings specially provided for in the facades of buildings and structures for the removal of smoke and combustion products in the event of a fire. The open-method laying of electrical cables and wires within the air-gap space of ventilated facade systems shall not be permitted.
34. The laying and operation of overhead power lines (including temporary ones and ones laid by cable) above roofs and canopies made of combustible materials, and also above open storage areas (stacks, ricks, etc.) of combustible substances, materials and articles, shall be prohibited.
35. It shall be prohibited: (a) to operate electrical wires and cables with visible damage to the insulation and with traces of thermal impact; (b) to use sockets, knife switches and other electrical fittings that are damaged; (c) to operate luminaires with the caps (diffusers) provided for by their design removed, and also to wrap electric lamps and luminaires (with incandescent lamps) in paper, fabric and other combustible materials; (d) to use electric irons, electric hotplates, electric kettles and other electric heating appliances that have no thermal-protection devices, and also where the thermal regulators provided for by their design are absent or faulty; (e) to use non-standard (home-made) electric heating appliances and extension leads for powering electrical appliances, and also to use non-calibrated fuse links or other home-made devices for protection against overload and short circuit; (f) to place (store) in electrical switchboard rooms, and also closer than 1 metre to electrical switchboards, electric motors and starting equipment, combustible and highly flammable substances and materials; (g) to use temporary electrical wiring, including extension leads and surge protectors, that by their characteristics are not intended for powering the electrical appliances used, including when carrying out emergency and other construction-and-assembly and restoration work, and also when switching on the electric heating of motor vehicles; (h) to lay electrical wiring without means of additional protection directly over a combustible base. Laying on rollers, in pipes, ducts or insulators, or with an underlay, made of non-combustible materials, is permitted; (i) to leave unattended, connected to the electricity network, electric heating appliances, and also other domestic electrical appliances, including those in stand-by mode, with the exception of electrical appliances that may and (or) shall be in round-the-clock operation in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
36. The head of the organisation ensures the presence of fire safety signs indicating, among other things, evacuation routes and evacuation exits, the locations of emergency-rescue devices and equipment, and the parking places of mobile fire-extinguishing means.
37. It shall be prohibited to cover or impair the visibility of the light annunciators indicating evacuation exits and of evacuation fire safety signs, and also of plans for the evacuation of people in the event of a fire. Evacuation lighting shall be in round-the-clock operation or shall switch on automatically upon the cessation of the power supply to the working lighting. The luminaires of emergency lighting shall differ from the luminaires of working lighting by signs or colouring. In auditoriums and demonstration and exhibition halls, fire safety signs with autonomous power and with mains power may be switched on only for the duration of events with the presence of people.
38. Lens floodlights, floodlights and soffit lights are placed at a distance safe from combustible structures and materials that is specified in the technical documentation for the operation of the article.
39. It shall not be permitted to convert, from solid fuel to liquid and gaseous fuel, boiler houses built into the buildings of facilities with the mass presence of people and annexed to such buildings.
40. When operating gas appliances, it shall be prohibited: (a) to use faulty gas appliances; (b) to leave gas appliances switched on unattended, with the exception of gas appliances that may and (or) shall be in round-the-clock operation in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer; (c) to install (place) furniture and other combustible items and materials at a distance of less than 0.2 metre from domestic gas appliances horizontally (with the exception of domestic gas cookers and built-in domestic gas appliances installed in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer) and less than 0.7 metre vertically (where those items and materials overhang domestic gas appliances). 40(1). Gas cylinders, with the exception of a single cylinder with a volume of not more than 5 litres connected to a factory-made gas cooker, are located outside buildings (with the exception of warehouse buildings for their storage) in cabinets or under casings, made of non-combustible materials and covering the upper part of the cylinders and the reducer, in conspicuous places by a blank wall pier at a distance of not less than 5 metres from the entrance to the building, to the ground and basement floors. Annexes and cabinets for gas cylinders shall be lockable and have louvres for ventilation, and also warning inscriptions "Flammable. Gas". (paragraph 40(1) introduced by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 90 of 3 February 2025)
41. When operating ventilation and air-conditioning systems, it shall be prohibited: (a) to leave the doors of ventilation chambers open; (b) to close off exhaust ducts, openings and grilles; (c) to connect gas heating appliances, heating stoves and fireplaces to the air ducts, and also to use them for the removal of combustion products; (d) to burn out grease deposits, dust and other combustible substances accumulated in the air ducts; (e) to store materials and equipment in ventilation chambers.
42. In accordance with the manufacturer's technical documentation, the head of the organisation ensures the checking of fire-retarding devices (dampers, gate valves, valves, etc.) in air ducts, of the interlocking devices of ventilation systems with automatic fire alarm or fire extinguishing installations, and of the automatic devices for shutting down general exchange ventilation and air conditioning in the event of fire, with the entry of the information in the fire protection systems operating log.
43. The head of the organisation or another official authorised by the head of the organisation determines the procedure and the time limits for carrying out work to clean the ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters and air ducts of combustible waste and deposits, with the drawing up of a corresponding report, while such work is carried out at least once a year. The cleaning of the ventilation systems of explosion-and-fire-hazardous and fire-hazardous premises is carried out by explosion-and-fire-safe methods.
44. It shall be prohibited to operate process equipment in explosion-and-fire-hazardous premises (installations) with faulty and disconnected hydrofilters, dry filters, dust-collecting and other devices of ventilation (aspiration) systems.
45. The head of the organisation ensures the serviceability of the hydraulic seals (siphons) that prevent the spread of flame along the storm-water or industrial sewerage lines of buildings and structures in which highly flammable and combustible liquids are used. The discharge of highly flammable and combustible liquids into sewerage networks (including in the event of accidents) shall be prohibited.
46. The head of the organisation ensures the serviceability of the valves of the refuse chutes and linen chutes, which shall be kept in the closed position and have a seal in the rebate.
47. The procedure for the use by organisations of lifts having the operating mode "transportation of fire units" is regulated by an instruction approved by the head of the organisation. This instruction shall be displayed directly at the lift car controls. The head of the organisation ensures the functioning of the smoke protection systems of the lift lobbies of the lifts used as safe zones for low-mobility groups of the population and other natural persons, and the maintenance in a serviceable condition of the fire barriers (partitions) and of the fillings of the openings in them. These zones are provided with appropriate personal protective equipment and means of communication with the fire post room. Fire safety signs indicating the direction to such a zone are placed at the protected facility.
48. The head of the organisation notifies the fire protection unit when sections of the water supply network and/or fire hydrants located on the territory of the organisation are shut off, and also in the event of a reduction of the pressure in the water supply network below the required level. The head of the organisation ensures the serviceability, timely servicing and repair of the external fire water supply located in the operational responsibility zone of the organisation, and organises water-yield checks at least twice a year (in spring and autumn), with the entry of the information in the fire protection systems operating log. The direction of movement to the sources of external fire water supply is indicated by indicators with a light-reflecting surface or by illuminated indicators connected to the power supply network and switched on at night-time or continuously, with clearly marked figures of the distance to their location.
49. The parking of motor vehicles shall be prohibited on the covers of fire hydrant wells, in the places where the connection pipes for mobile firefighting equipment are led out onto the facades of buildings and structures, and also within the turning areas and on the marking of the areas for positioning firefighting, special and emergency-rescue equipment, and on fire piers.
50. The head of the organisation ensures the serviceable condition, timely servicing and repair of the internal fire water main, the equipping of the fire cocks with serviceable fire hoses, hand fire nozzles and fire shut-off valves, organises the re-rolling of fire hoses (at least once a year), and also the proper condition of the water-ring reels, with the entry of the information in the fire protection systems operating log. The fire hose shall be connected to the fire valve of the fire cock and to the fire nozzle and shall be placed in wall-mounted, built-in or attached fire cabinets having elements for fixing them in the closed position. The fire cabinets (with the exception of built-in fire cabinets) are fastened to load-bearing or enclosing building structures, while the opening of the cabinet doors by at least 90 degrees is ensured.
51. The head of the organisation provides the premises of the pumping stations with fire water supply diagrams and pump piping diagrams with information on the protected premises of buildings and structures and on the type and number of sprinklers. On each gate valve and fire pump unit there shall be a plate with information on the protected premises of buildings and structures and on the type and number of fire sprinklers.
52. The head of the organisation ensures the serviceable condition and the checking of the operability of the motor-driven gate valves (at least twice a year) installed on the bypass lines of the water-metering devices, and also of the main working and standby fire pump units (monthly), with the entry of the information in the fire protection systems operating log.
53. Water towers shall be adapted for water intake by firefighting equipment at any time of the year. Sub-paragraph repealed with effect from 1 September 2025. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 90 of 3 February 2025. To ensure the uninterrupted power supply of a water tower intended for firefighting needs, autonomous backup power supply sources are provided. 53(1). The use for domestic and industrial purposes of the water reserve intended for firefighting needs shall not be permitted. (paragraph 53(1) introduced by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 90 of 3 February 2025)
54. The head of the organisation organises the work on the repair, technical servicing and operation of the fire safety and fire extinguishing means, ensuring the serviceable condition of these means. The work is carried out taking into account the manufacturer's instruction for the technical means functioning as part of the fire protection systems. During the installation, repair, technical servicing and operation of the fire safety means of buildings and structures, the design solutions developed in accordance with the regulatory documents on fire safety shall be observed. The technical documentation for the fire protection systems, including the technical means functioning as part of these systems, and the results of the commissioning tests of these systems are kept at the protected facility. The rights holder of the protected facility ensures the annual testing of the fire alarm systems, the systems for the transmission of fire notifications, the warning and evacuation management systems, the technical means functioning as part of the smoke-control ventilation systems, and the automatic fire extinguishing installations that are operated beyond the service life established by the manufacturer (supplier) or in the absence of information from the manufacturer (supplier) on the possibility of further operation. Information on the work carried out on these systems is entered in the fire protection systems operating log. Organisations or individual entrepreneurs holding a special permit, where the possession of such a permit is provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, are engaged for the performance of the work on the installation, technical servicing and repair of the fire safety means of buildings and structures.
55. The switching of the fire protection systems from automatic to manual start-up, and also the disconnection of individual protection lines (zones), shall be prohibited, except in the cases established by paragraph 458 of these Rules, and also for work on the technical servicing or repair of the fire protection systems and during construction (finishing) work in individual premises. During the period of performance of work on technical servicing or repair, and also during construction (finishing) work involving the disconnection of the fire protection systems or their elements, the head of the organisation takes the necessary measures to protect the protected facilities and the people in them from fire. The performance of work on technical servicing or repair involving the disconnection of the fire protection systems or their elements shall not be permitted during the period of holding events with a mass presence of people.
56. The head of the organisation ensures the presence, in the premises of the fire post (control room), of an instruction on the procedure for the actions of the duty personnel upon receipt of signals about fire and about the malfunction of the fire protection installations (devices, systems) of the protected facility. The fire post (control room) is provided with telephone communication and serviceable hand-held electric torches at the rate of at least 1 torch per person on duty, and with personal protective equipment for the respiratory and visual organs of a person against the hazardous factors of fire at the rate of at least 1 item of personal protective equipment for the respiratory and visual organs of a person against the hazardous factors of fire (taking into account their storage (shelf-life) periods) per person on duty (where available).
57. Repealed with effect from 1 September 2025. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 90 of 3 February 2025.
58. The head of the organisation, where this is provided for by the design standards for a specific protected facility or territory, ensures the keeping of fire vehicles in fire stations or in boxes specially intended for these purposes, having heating, power supply, telephone communication, hard flooring and insulated gates. The head of the organisation ensures the serviceable technical condition of the fire vehicles and motor pumps, and also of the equipment adapted (re-equipped) for extinguishing fires. The head of the organisation, for each motor pump and item of equipment adapted (re-equipped) for extinguishing fires, organises the assignment of a motor operator (driver) who has undergone training for work on this equipment.
59. It shall be prohibited to use fire equipment and fire-technical equipment installed on mobile fire extinguishing means for purposes other than those intended.
60. The head of the organisation provides the protected facility with primary fire extinguishing means (fire extinguishers) fit for operation, according to the standards in accordance with Section XIX of these Rules and Appendices No. 1 and 2, and also ensures compliance with the periods for their recharging, examination and timely replacement specified in the fire extinguisher passport. The record of the availability, the frequency of inspection and the recharging periods of fire extinguishers is kept in the fire protection systems operating log.
61. The head of the organisation provides the railway rolling stock with fire extinguishers according to the standards established in accordance with Appendix No. 3, and also ensures compliance with the periods for their recharging, examination and timely replacement specified in the fire extinguisher passport.
62. When facilities for processing timber and other forest resources (charcoal burning, tar distillation, pitch distillation, resin tapping, etc.) are located in forests, the head of the organisation shall: (a) provide for fire-prevention distances from these facilities to the edge of the forest stands, the arrangement of mineralised strips, and also the placement of the main and intermediate warehouses for storing resin in accordance with the fire safety rules in forests established by the Government of the Russian Federation; (b) ensure, during the fire-hazardous season (during the period of stable dry, hot and windy weather, upon receipt of a storm warning and upon the introduction of a special fire-prevention regime), the guarding, during non-working hours, of the facilities for processing timber and other forest resources; (c) keep the territory on which the fire-prevention gaps from the facilities for processing timber and other forest resources to the edge of the forest stands are located cleared of refuse, felling residues, wood chips, sawdust and other combustible materials.
63. The burning-off of dry herbaceous vegetation on lands (with the exception of plots situated on peat soils) of industry, energy, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television and informatics, on lands for ensuring space activities, on lands of defence, security and lands of other special purpose may be carried out in windless weather on condition that: the plot for burning off dry herbaceous vegetation is situated at a distance of at least 50 metres from the nearest protected facility; the territory around the plot for burning off dry herbaceous vegetation is cleared within a radius of 30 metres of dead standing trees, deadfall, felling residues and other combustible materials and is separated by a fire-prevention mineralised strip at least 1.4 metres wide; no special fire-prevention regime has been introduced on the territory that includes the plot for burning off dry herbaceous vegetation; the persons taking part in the burning-off of dry herbaceous vegetation are constantly present at the place where the burning-off work is carried out and are provided with primary fire extinguishing means. The taking of the decision on carrying out the burning-off of dry herbaceous vegetation and the determination of the persons responsible for the burning-off are carried out by the head of the organisation carrying out activities on the relevant territory. Sub-paragraph repealed with effect from 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022. The burning-off of forest combustible materials is carried out in accordance with the fire safety rules in forests established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Sub-paragraph repealed with effect from 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022.
64. For military-purpose facilities, facilities for the production, processing and storage of radioactive and explosive substances and materials and of pyrotechnic articles, facilities for the destruction and storage of chemical weapons and blasting means, ground-based space infrastructure facilities and launch complexes, mining excavation facilities, energy facilities that are especially hazardous, technically complex and unique in accordance with Article 48.1 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, facilities of institutions executing punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, pre-trial detention centres, temporary detention facilities, special institutions intended for holding foreign citizens subject to administrative expulsion from the Russian Federation, deportation or readmission, psychiatric and other specialised medical institutions, and cultural heritage sites (monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation, specific fire safety requirements taking into account the specific features of such facilities may be established by the federal executive authorities.
65. It shall be prohibited to use the fire-prevention distances between buildings, structures and constructions for the storage of materials, refuse, grass and other waste, of equipment and containers, for the construction (placement) of buildings and structures, including temporary ones, for the making of fires, the preparation of food using open fire (barbecues, braziers, etc.) and the burning of waste and containers.
66. On the public-use lands of settlements, and also on the territories of private households located on the territories of settlements, it shall be prohibited to use open fire for the preparation of food, and also to burn refuse, grass, foliage and other waste, materials or articles outside places specially designated and equipped for this.
67. The rights holders of land plots (owners of land plots, land users, landowners and tenants of land plots) located within the boundaries of settlements and on public-use territories outside the boundaries of settlements, and the rights holders of territories for the conduct by citizens of gardening or vegetable growing for their own needs (hereinafter - territories of gardening or vegetable growing), shall carry out the timely clearing of refuse and dry vegetation and the mowing of grass. The boundaries of the clearing of these territories are determined by the boundaries of the land plot on the basis of the cadastral or land-survey plan.
68. On public-use territories adjoining residential houses, garden houses and immovable property objects belonging to the common property of a horticultural or vegetable-growing non-profit partnership, and also in forests, forest-park zones and on agricultural lands, it shall be prohibited to arrange dumps of combustible waste.
69. On the public-use territories of urban and rural settlements and of urban and municipal districts, on the territories of gardening or vegetable growing, including outside the boundaries of these territories, in the protection zones of power transmission lines, power plants and substations, and also in forests, forest-park zones and on agricultural lands, it shall be prohibited to arrange waste dumps.
70. In the period from the day of the melting of the snow cover until the establishment of steady rainy autumn weather or the formation of snow cover, state authorities, local self-government bodies, institutions, organisations and other legal entities regardless of their organisational and legal forms and forms of ownership, peasant (farm) holdings, public associations, individual entrepreneurs, officials, citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons owning, using and/or disposing of a territory adjoining a forest ensure its clearing of dry herbaceous vegetation, stubble residues, deadfall, felling residues, refuse and other combustible materials on a strip at least 10 metres wide from the forest, or separate the forest by a fire-prevention mineralised strip at least 1.4 metres wide or by another fire-prevention barrier (another fire-prevention obstacle). To exclude the possible spread of natural fires to the territories of settlements subject to the threat of forest fires and other landscape (natural) fires, before the start of the fire-hazardous period, and also upon the establishment of a special fire-prevention regime on the relevant territory, fire-prevention mineralised strips at least 10 metres wide or other fire-prevention barriers (obstacles) are created (renewed) around the territory of settlements.
71. The rights holders of land plots ensure the proper technical maintenance (at any time of the year) of the roads, passages and driveways to buildings, structures, constructions and outdoor installations, open warehouses, external fire escapes and fire hydrants, reservoirs, natural and artificial water bodies that are sources of external fire water supply. It shall be prohibited to use, for the parking of motor vehicles on the territory of settlements, enterprises and organisations, the areas for firefighting equipment, including turning areas, intended for its positioning, including for water intake, the supply of extinguishing means and the access of firefighters to the protected facility. It shall not be permitted to block the passages for firefighting equipment with articles and objects, or by the planting of large-sized trees, that exclude or restrict the passage of firefighting equipment or the access of firefighters to the storeys of buildings and structures, or that reduce the dimensions of the passages and driveways established by the fire safety requirements. In the event of fire, the fire protection system shall ensure the automatic unblocking and/or opening of the barriers, gates, fences and other technical means installed on the passages and driveways, and their being in the open position to ensure the unhindered passage of firefighting equipment. Manual opening may be performed where round-the-clock duty of personnel is organised directly at the place of installation of the barrier, gate, fence and other technical means on the passages, or remotely where video and/or audio communication with the place of their installation is arranged. At the entrance to the territory of construction sites, open flat car parks and garages, and also to the territory of gardening or vegetable growing, diagrams are displayed indicating the entrances, driveways, fire passages and sources of fire water supply. It shall be prohibited for natural persons to impede the work of the fire protection units, including en route of the fire protection units to the place of fire.
72. When repair (construction) work involving the closure of roads or passages is carried out, the head of the organisation carrying out the repair (construction) immediately submits to the fire protection unit the relevant information on the time limits for carrying out this work and ensures the installation of signs indicating the direction of the detour, or arranges crossings over the sections of roads or passages being repaired.
73. The head of the organisation and the persons owning, using and/or disposing of protected facilities ensure the clearing of the protected facility of combustible waste, refuse, containers and dry vegetation. The zone of clearing of dry grass, branches, other combustible materials and dead standing trees around a fire, and the place for storing the reserve of firewood and fire-extinguishing means, shall be at least 2 metres. It shall not be permitted to make open fire (bonfires) in places located outside the territory of private households, at a distance of less than 50 metres from protected facilities. After the completion of the event or when the wind strengthens, the fire or the fire site shall be doused with water or covered with sand (earth) until the smouldering of the coals has completely stopped. On the territory of settlements, urban districts and intra-city municipal formations, and also at a distance of less than 1000 metres from forests, it shall be prohibited to launch uncontrolled articles made of combustible materials, the principle of whose rise to a height is based on the heating of the air inside the structure by means of open fire.
74. At protected facilities bordering on forest districts, and also located in areas with peat soils, provision is made for the creation of protective fire-prevention mineralised strips at least 1.4 metres wide and of fire-prevention distances, the removal (collection) in the summer period of dry vegetation, undergrowth and shrubs, and the performance of other actions preventing the spread of fire during natural fires. The fire-prevention mineralised strips shall not impede passage to settlements and water sources for the purposes of firefighting. It shall be prohibited to use the fire-prevention mineralised strips and fire-prevention distances for the construction of various structures and auxiliary buildings, for the conduct of agricultural work, for the storage of combustible materials, refuse and domestic waste, and also of waste from timber, construction and other combustible materials.
75. By the local self-government bodies, with the exception of the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, sources of external fire water supply are created for the purposes of firefighting, and also conditions for the intake, at any time of the year, of water from the sources and systems of external fire water supply located in settlements and on the territories adjoining them. Where, on the territories of settlements, on the territory of gardening or vegetable growing, and also at other protected facilities or near them (within a radius of 200 metres), there are natural or artificial water sources (a river, lake, pool, cooling tower, etc.), driveways with platforms (piers) with a hard surface measuring at least 12 x 12 metres shall be arranged to them for positioning fire vehicles and for water intake at any time of the year, except in cases where the territory of the settlement or protected facility and the buildings and structures located on them are provided with sources of fire water supply.
76. The passport of a settlement subject to the threat of forest fires and other landscape (natural) fires, the passport of the territory of an organisation for children's recreation and health improvement, and the passport of the territory of gardening or vegetable growing that are subject to the threat of forest fires (hereinafter - the passport of a settlement, the passport of a territory) are developed and approved annually by the start of the fire-hazardous season in accordance with Section XX of these Rules: (a) in respect of settlements - by the local self-government bodies of settlements and of urban and municipal districts, with the exception of the cases specified in sub-clause "(b)" of this paragraph; (b) in respect of the cities of federal significance Moscow, St Petersburg and Sevastopol - by the state authorities of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation; (c) in respect of the territory of gardening or vegetable growing - by the chairman of the horticultural or vegetable-growing non-profit partnership; (d) in respect of the territory of an organisation for children's recreation and health improvement - by the head of the organisation for children's recreation and health improvement.
77. Before the start of the heating season, the heads of the organisation and natural persons organise the checking and repair of stoves, boiler houses, heat-generator and air-heater installations and fireplaces, and also of other heating appliances and systems. It shall be prohibited to operate stoves and other heating appliances without fire-prevention cuttings (setbacks) from structures made of combustible materials, without pre-furnace sheets made of non-combustible material measuring at least 0.5 x 0.7 metres (on a wooden floor or another floor made of combustible materials), and also where there are burn-throughs and damage in the cuttings, the external surfaces of the stove, the chimneys, the flues and the pre-furnace sheets. If signs of thermal damage (darkening, charring, melting) are detected on the adjoining building structures made of wood or other combustible materials, the operation of the stove is stopped. In this case, the surface of the damaged structure shall be thermally insulated or the size of the cutting (setback) shall be increased. Faulty stoves and other heating appliances shall not be permitted for operation.
78. The heads of organisations and natural persons, before the start of the heating season and also during the heating season, ensure the cleaning of flues and stoves (heating appliances) from soot at least: once every 3 months - for heating stoves, with the exception of stoves of continuous action; sub-paragraph repealed with effect from 1 March 2024. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022; once every month - for kitchen ranges and other stoves of continuous (long-term) firing.
79. During the operation of boiler houses and other heat-producing installations, it shall be prohibited: (a) to allow to work persons who have not undergone special training and have not obtained the corresponding qualification certificates; (b) to use as fuel waste petroleum products and other highly flammable and combustible liquids that are not provided for by the technical documentation for the operation of the equipment; (c) to operate heat-producing installations where there is leakage of liquid fuel (a gas leak) from the fuel supply systems, and also from the valves at the furnace and the fuel tank; (d) to supply fuel when the nozzles or gas burners are extinguished; (e) to light the installations without their preliminary purging; (f) to work with faulty or disconnected monitoring and control devices provided for by the manufacturer; (g) to dry combustible materials on boilers, steam pipelines and other heat-generating installations; (h) to operate boiler installations operating on solid fuel whose chimneys are not equipped with spark arresters and are not cleaned of soot; (i) to clean the boiler with the vestibule door open in railway rolling stock while in motion.
80. During the operation of stove heating, it shall be prohibited: (a) to leave unattended stoves that are being fired, and also to entrust their supervision to children; (b) to place fuel and other combustible substances and materials on the pre-furnace sheet; (c) to use petrol, kerosene, diesel fuel and other highly flammable and combustible liquids for the lighting of stoves; (d) to fire with coal, coke and gas stoves not intended for these types of fuel; (e) to fire stoves during the holding of meetings and other mass events in the premises; (f) to use ventilation and gas channels as flues; (g) to overheat stoves.
81. The firing of stoves in buildings and structures (with the exception of residential houses) is stopped at least 2 hours before the completion of the working day, and at socially significant protected facilities with round-the-clock presence of people - at least 2 hours before people go to sleep. In organisations with daytime presence of children, the firing of stoves is stopped no later than 1 hour before the arrival of the children and does not begin earlier than their departure from the building. The ash and slag raked out of the furnaces shall be doused with water and removed to a place specially designated for them.
82. For the heating of buildings, only metal stoves of factory manufacture may be installed. In this case, compliance with the technical documentation of the manufacturers of these types of products is ensured by the heads of organisations and natural persons.
83. Goods, racks, display cases, counters, cabinets, combustible materials and other equipment made of combustible materials are positioned at a distance of at least 0.7 metres from stoves, and at least 1.25 metres from the furnace openings.
84. In hotels, motels, hostels and other buildings adapted for the temporary presence of people, the persons responsible for ensuring fire safety ensure the familiarisation (against signature) of arriving natural persons with the fire safety measures. In the rooms and on the floors of these protected facilities, evacuation plans in the event of fire are displayed. At protected facilities with the presence of foreign citizens, the voice messages in the fire warning and evacuation management systems, and also the memos on fire safety measures, are made in the Russian and English languages.
85. In flats, residential rooms of dormitories and hotel rooms, it shall be prohibited to arrange industrial and storage premises for the use and storage of fire and explosion hazardous and fire hazardous substances and materials, and also to alter their functional purpose. The use of open flame on the balconies (loggias) of flats, residential rooms of dormitories and hotel rooms shall be prohibited. In buildings intended for people to live in, it shall be prohibited to leave sources of open flame unattended (candles, an unextinguished cigarette, a kerosene lamp and others). 85(1). In the rooms of flats and residential houses that are not subject to protection by a fire alarm system and (or) a system for warning and managing the evacuation of people in the event of a fire, in which large families, families in a difficult life situation or in a socially dangerous position reside, autonomous smoke fire detectors shall be installed and be in good working order. (paragraph 85(1) introduced by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022)
86. The storage of cylinders containing combustible gases shall be prohibited in flats and residential premises of buildings of functional fire hazard class F1.1 and F1.2, determined in accordance with the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", in kitchens, on evacuation routes, in stairwells, in ground and basement floors, in attics, on balconies, loggias and in galleries. Annexes and cabinets for gas cylinders shall be locked and have louvres for ventilation, and also a warning inscription "Flammable. Gas". At the entrance to single-flat residential houses, including blocked-development residential houses, and also to the premises of buildings and structures in which gas cylinders are used, a warning fire safety sign with the inscription "Flammable. Cylinders with gas" is placed.
87. When using household gas appliances, the following shall be prohibited: operation of household gas appliances when gas is leaking; connection of gas-fittings parts using a spark-forming tool; checking the tightness of connections using sources of open flame.
88. It shall be prohibited to carry out work on pilot (experimental) installations involving the use of fire and explosion hazardous and fire hazardous substances and materials that have not been put into operation in accordance with the established procedure. The head (responsible executor) of experimental research shall, when carrying it out, take the necessary fire safety measures provided for by the instruction. In premises intended for conducting experiments with the use of highly flammable and combustible liquids, their storage in quantities not exceeding the shift requirement, in accordance with the consumption standards for specific installations, may be permitted. The delivery of these liquids to the premises is carried out in closed containers.
89. It shall be prohibited to carry out work in a fume cupboard if it contains substances, materials and equipment not relating to the operations being performed, and also when it is faulty and the ventilation system is switched off. The rims preventing liquid from running off the tables shall not allow it to leak.
90. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety, at the end of the working day, organises the collection into special closed containers and the removal from the laboratory, for further disposal, of used highly flammable and combustible liquids. The responsible executor, after the completion of experimental research, ensures the washing with fire-safe solutions (compositions) of the vessels in which work with highly flammable and combustible liquids was carried out. The teaching employee, at the end of classes, clears all fire hazardous and fire and explosion hazardous substances and materials into premises equipped for their temporary storage.
91. It shall be prohibited to increase the established number of desks (tables), and also to exceed the standard capacity in classrooms and study rooms.
92. The head of the educational organisation organises the conduct, before the start of each academic year (semester), of classes for students on studying fire safety requirements, including on the ability to use personal protective equipment for a person's respiratory and vision organs against the hazardous factors of a fire and primary fire-extinguishing means.
93. The head of the organisation ensures the development of a plan for the evacuation of museum items and other valuables from the museum (art gallery and others), and also a plan for the evacuation of animals from the circus (zoo and others) in the event of a fire.
94. In auditoriums and on the stands of cultural-educational and entertainment institutions, armchairs and chairs shall be joined together into rows and firmly fixed to the floor. Armchairs (chairs) may be left unfixed in boxes with a number of seats of no more than 12 where there is an independent exit from the box onto an evacuation route or to an evacuation exit. In auditoriums with a number of seats of no more than 200, the fixing of chairs to the floor may not be carried out, provided that they are compulsorily joined together in the row.
95. The head of the organisation ensures the treatment of wooden and other structures of the stage box and the stage floor made of combustible materials (grates, suspended bridges, working galleries and others), of combustible scenery, stage and exhibition decoration, and also of the draperies in auditoriums and exhibition halls, with fire-retardant compositions, with the entry of information into the log of the operation of fire protection systems, including the date of impregnation and its period of validity.
96. It shall be prohibited to place within the stage box of entertainment institutions, at the same time, scenery and stage equipment for more than 2 performances. The storage of scenery, props, wooden stands, slopes, inventory and other property in holds, on grates and working platforms (galleries), under stair flights and landings, and also in basement and technical floors beneath auditoriums, shall be prohibited.
97. Around the stage floor, when arranging productions, a free circular passage with a width of no less than 1 metre is provided. At the end of a performance, all scenery and props are dismantled and removed from the stage to storage premises.
98. It shall be prohibited to carry out hot work in a building or structure during the holding of events with a mass presence of people. To ensure the safety of people during the holding of sports and other mass events, measures are taken to extinguish flares using fire extinguishers for class D fires in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to these Rules, and also blankets for isolating the seat of ignition and other means ensuring the extinguishing of such articles and of clothing burning on a person.
99. A red line indicating the boundary for lowering the fire curtain is applied to the stage floor. Scenery and other objects of stage decoration shall not protrude beyond this line. At the end of a performance (rehearsal), the fire curtain shall be lowered. The fire curtain shall closely adjoin the stage floor by means of a sand seal (an elastic cushion).
100. The head of the organisation ensures that work to insulate the valves of smoke hatches in the stage roof for the winter period is carried out, and that they are checked for operability (no less frequently than once every 10 days).
101. Protected facilities with a capacity of more than 1 thousand people at which cultural-educational and entertainment events are held are, for the purpose of extinguishing flares, equipped with 10 fire extinguishers and 10 blankets for isolating the seat of ignition or with 20 fire extinguishers in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to these Rules. Protected facilities with a capacity of more than 10 thousand people at which cultural-educational and entertainment events are held are, for the purpose of extinguishing flares, in addition to the specified measures, equipped with 4 blankets for isolating the seat of ignition or with 2 blankets for isolating the seat of ignition and 2 fire extinguishers in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to these Rules.
102. The head of the organisation ensures the informing of spectators about fire safety measures by broadcasting a voice message or, before the start of screenings in cinema halls, showing video clips about the procedure for their actions in the event of a fire (the activation of the system for warning and managing the evacuation of people in the event of a fire, a command from staff), about the directions of evacuation routes and exits, and about the rules for using personal protective equipment for a person's respiratory and vision organs against the hazardous factors of a fire and primary fire-extinguishing means. During the period of the holding of an event, it shall be prohibited to lock the entrance doors and the doors of evacuation exits.
103. At the facilities of trade organisations, the following shall be prohibited: (a) to carry out hot work while customers are present in the trading halls; (b) to sell highly flammable and combustible liquids (with the exception of medicinal products, medical devices, cosmetic and alcoholic products), combustible gases, gunpowder, primers, pyrotechnic and other explosive articles, if the facilities of trade organisations are located in buildings, other than buildings of filling stations, that are not buildings (parts of buildings) of functional fire hazard class F3.1, determined in accordance with the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", except in cases established by regulatory documents on fire safety; (c) to place departments and sections for the sale of highly flammable and combustible liquids, combustible gases (with the exception of buildings of filling stations) and pyrotechnic articles at a distance of less than 4 metres from exits, stairwells and other evacuation routes; (d) to install cylinders containing combustible gases in trading halls; (e) repealed as of 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022.
104. The storage of combustible materials, waste, packaging and containers on evacuation routes shall be prohibited. The storage of combustible goods or non-combustible goods in combustible packaging in premises that do not have opening window openings or mechanically driven smoke-removal systems shall be prohibited, except in cases established by regulatory documents on fire safety.
105. The loading devices of shaft hoists for the bulk transport of semi-finished products are equipped with dampers that open only for the period of loading.
106. The head of the organisation ensures, at retail and small-wholesale trade markets organised in accordance with the established procedure and located on open sites or in buildings (structures), compliance with the following fire safety requirements: the width of the passage between trading rows leading to evacuation exits shall be no less than 2 metres; every 30 metres of a trading row there shall be transverse passages with a width of no less than 1.4 metres.
107. During working hours, the loading (unloading) of goods and containers shall be carried out along routes not connected with the evacuation exits intended for customers.
108. The trade in household chemical goods, varnishes, paints and other highly flammable and combustible liquids packaged in glass containers with a capacity of more than 1 litre each, and also in fire hazardous goods without labels bearing the warning inscription "Flammable", shall be prohibited. The packaging of fire hazardous goods shall be carried out in premises adapted for this purpose and meeting fire safety requirements.
109. The storage and sale of kerosene and other combustible liquids by pouring into containers is permitted only in detached buildings whose structures are made of non-combustible materials, including the floors. The floor level in these buildings shall be below the adjoining planning mark, calculated so that the spreading of liquid beyond its limits in the event of an accident is precluded. In these buildings, stove heating and the use of appliances and devices that use open flame shall not be permitted.
110. Trading halls are separated from storerooms in which containers of kerosene or other combustible liquids are installed by appropriate fire barriers. The containers (tanks, barrels) shall not have a volume of more than 5 cubic metres.
111. The pipeline through which combustible liquid is supplied from the tanks to the dispensing tanks is fixed motionlessly and has valves at the dispensing tank and the container. The dispensing tank shall have a capacity of no more than 100 litres. The pipelines and containers shall have earthing in no less than 2 places. The reliability of the earthing, with measurement of the electrical resistance, is checked no less frequently than once a year.
112. The counter for dispensing highly flammable and combustible liquids shall have a non-combustible covering that precludes the formation of sparks on impact. The storage of combustible packaging materials in premises for trade in highly flammable and combustible liquids shall be prohibited. Containers that have held highly flammable and combustible liquids are stored only on special fenced sites.
113. It shall be prohibited to combine, in one trading hall, the sale of weapons (civilian and service) and cartridges for them with other types of goods, except for sporting, hunting and fishing accessories and spare parts for weapons. The storage of cartridges for weapons in basement premises shall be prohibited, except in cases established by regulatory documents on fire safety. Cartridges for weapons shall be stored in cabinets made of non-combustible materials that preclude the scattering of cartridges in the event of a fire (ignition) and installed in premises partitioned off from other premises by fire partitions and floors.
114. It shall be prohibited to store gunpowder in the same cabinet with primers or loaded cartridges.
115. Directly in the building of a shop for the retail trade in weapons and (or) cartridges, no more than 50 kilograms of black powder or 50 kilograms of smokeless powder may be stored.
116. The head of a medical organisation ensures the availability, in buildings and structures in which patients unable to move independently are located, of stretchers at the rate of 1 stretcher per 5 patients and of personal protective equipment for a person's respiratory and vision organs against the hazardous factors of a fire for each employee of the duty shift of the medical organisation. The distance between beds in hospital wards shall be no less than 0.8 metres, and the central main passage shall have a width of no less than 1.2 metres. Chairs, bedside tables and other furniture shall not obstruct evacuation routes and exits by reducing the width of the evacuation routes established by fire safety requirements.
117. The following shall be prohibited: (a) to arrange and use, in blocks with wards for patients, premises not connected with the treatment process; (b) to group more than 2 beds together; (c) to install beds in corridors, halls and on other evacuation routes; (d) to install and store cylinders containing oxygen in the buildings of medical organisations, if this is not provided for by the design documentation; (e) to arrange furnace openings of stoves in wards.
118. The installation of boilers, water heaters and titans, the sterilisation of medical instruments, and also the heating of paraffin and ozokerite, may be carried out only in premises intended for these purposes.
119. In laboratories, departments of medical organisations and rooms of medical workers, the storage of medicinal preparations and medical devices classified as highly flammable and combustible liquids (spirit, ether and others), with a total weight of no more than 3 kilograms, taking into account their compatibility, in lockable metal cabinets may be permitted.
120. It shall be prohibited to accommodate, in buildings of fire resistance degree V of medical organisations providing medical care in inpatient conditions and having stove heating, more than 25 sick persons (adults and (or) children).
121. Technological processes are carried out in accordance with regulations, technical operation rules and other technical and operational documentation approved in accordance with the established procedure, while equipment intended for the use of fire hazardous and fire and explosion hazardous substances and materials shall comply with the manufacturer's technical documentation.
122. The head of the organisation ensures, when working with fire hazardous and fire and explosion hazardous substances and materials, compliance with the requirements of the marking and warning inscriptions indicated on the packaging or in the accompanying documents. The joint use (unless provided for by the technological regulations), storage and transport of substances and materials which, when interacting with one another, are capable of igniting, exploding or forming combustible and toxic gases (mixtures) shall be prohibited. Spilled Berthollet salt shall be immediately removed into special containers with water.
123. The head of the organisation, when carrying out scheduled repairs or a preventive inspection of technological equipment, ensures compliance with the necessary fire safety measures.
124. The head of the organisation, in accordance with the technological regulations, ensures the performance of work to clean exhaust devices (cabinets, painting and drying chambers and others), apparatus and pipelines of fire hazardous deposits. In this case, the cleaning of these devices and communications located in premises of industrial and storage purpose is carried out in premises of categories A and B for explosion and fire hazard no less frequently than once a quarter, in premises of categories V1 - V4 for explosion and fire hazard no less frequently than once every six months, and in premises of other categories for explosion and fire hazard no less frequently than once a year.
125. The head of the organisation ensures the good working order of spark arresters, spark catchers, fire-retarding, fire-arresting, dust- and metal-catching and anti-explosion devices, systems for protection against static electricity, and also lightning protection devices installed on technological equipment and pipelines.
126. For the washing and degreasing of equipment, articles and parts, non-combustible technical cleaning agents are used, except in cases where, under the conditions of the technological process, the use of highly flammable and combustible liquids is provided for the washing and degreasing of equipment, articles and parts.
127. For heating a solidified product and ice, crystalline hydrate and other plugs in pipelines, it shall be prohibited to use open flame. The heating of a solidified product and ice, crystalline hydrate and other plugs in pipelines shall be carried out with hot water, steam and other safe methods.
128. The sampling of highly flammable and combustible liquids from tanks (containers) and the measurement of their level shall be carried out during daylight hours. It shall be prohibited to perform these operations during a thunderstorm, and also during the pumping in or pumping out of a product. It shall be prohibited to feed highly flammable and combustible liquids into tanks (containers) as a falling jet. The rate of filling and emptying of a tank shall not exceed the total throughput capacity of the breather valves (ventilation branch pipes) installed on the tanks.
129. The head of the organisation ensures the timely performance of work to remove combustible waste located in dust-collection chambers and cyclones. The doors and hatches of dust-collection chambers and cyclones are kept closed during their operation.
130. It shall be prohibited to use, for people to live in, industrial and storage buildings and structures located on the territories of enterprises.
131. In the explosion-hazardous zones of sites, workshops and premises, tools made of non-sparking materials or of an appropriate explosion-proof design shall be used.
132. The head of the organisation ensures the performance of work to clean the walls, ceilings, floor, structures and equipment of premises of dust, shavings and combustible waste. The frequency of cleaning is established by the head of the organisation. Cleaning is carried out by methods that preclude the swirling of dust and the formation of explosive dust-air mixtures.
133. The protective membranes of explosion safety valves on lines and on adsorbers shall, in terms of the type of material and thickness, comply with the requirements of the design documentation.
134. The head of the organisation establishes the time limits for carrying out checks of the serviceability of flame arresters and for the cleaning of their fire-extinguishing packing and membrane valves, and also ensures their performance.
135. It shall be prohibited to fill adsorbers with non-standard activated carbon.
136. When treating and processing timber, it shall be prohibited to operate sawmill frames, circular-saw, milling-saw and other machine tools and units with faults.
137. It shall be prohibited to use metal objects to clean the loading hopper of a chipping machine.
138. It shall be prohibited to perform work to manufacture particle boards and other boards from wood materials in the event that, above the hot-pressing press and above the loading and unloading racks, an exhaust hood is absent or faulty. The design of the hood shall not impede the servicing and cleaning of the press and of the hood itself.
139. The operation of drum dryers and bunkers of dry shavings and dust that are not equipped with automatic, including autonomous, fire-extinguishing installations and anti-explosion devices, or of such dryers and bunkers with faulty automatic, including autonomous, fire-extinguishing installations and anti-explosion devices, shall be prohibited.
140. Chambers for the heat treatment of particle boards are cleaned of the residues of volatile resin emissions and products of wood pyrolysis, dust and other waste no less frequently than once every 24 hours. The heat treatment of under-pressed particle boards with loose edges shall not be permitted.
141. Particle boards, wood-glued boards and other boards from wood materials, before being stacked after heat treatment, are cooled on open sites to the ambient air temperature to preclude their spontaneous combustion.
142. After the completion of work, the impregnation baths for particle boards and other boards from wood materials, and also the baths with cooling combustible liquids, are covered with lids.
143. It shall be prohibited to operate impregnation, hardening and other baths with combustible liquids for the treatment of particle boards, wood-glued boards and other boards from wood materials that are not equipped with devices for emergency draining into underground containers fitted with systems for removing combustible vapours and located outside the building, or such baths with faulty devices for emergency draining into such containers.
144. Batch drying chambers and heaters are cleaned of industrial debris and dust before each loading. The operation of drying installations with cracks on the surface of the flues and with non-functioning spark catchers shall be prohibited.
145. The furnace-gas devices of gas drying chambers operating on solid and liquid fuel are cleaned of soot no less frequently than 2 times a month. The operation of a furnace-drying section with faulty devices for controlling the temperature of the drying apparatus shall be prohibited.
146. Drying chambers for fibreboards and other boards from wood materials shall be cleaned of wood waste no less frequently than once every 24 hours. When the conveyor is stopped for more than 10 minutes, the heating of the drying chamber is stopped.
147. Drying chambers (premises, cabinets) for raw materials, semi-finished products and painted finished articles are equipped with automatic devices for switching off the heating when the temperature rises above the norm.
148. Before stacking timber into piles for drying by high-frequency currents, the absence of metal objects in them shall be ensured.
149. It shall be prohibited for people to be in drying chambers and to dry in them workwear and other objects not relating to the technological process.
150. The operation of straw-grinding machines not equipped with a dust-removal system, or of such machines with a faulty dust-removal system, shall be prohibited.
151. In the manufacture of matches: (a) in production premises, the equipment and mechanisms, and also the floor and walls of the premises, upon ignition mass and paraffin getting onto them, shall be immediately cleaned and washed with water; (b) the cleaning and washing of the floor of the automatic-machine workshop shall be carried out no less frequently than 2 times per shift, and the settling tank of the sewer well shall be cleaned after each cleaning and washing of the workshop floor; (c) the stock of ignition mass located at the automatic machine shall not exceed the quantity necessary for one pouring; (d) the cleaning of the mass in the dipping trough of fallen match splints shall be carried out with mesh scoops made of non-ferrous metal; (e) the stopping of the automatic match machine for days off, preventive repairs, and also the rectification of a breakdown, shall be carried out when there are no matches in it; (f) during short-term stoppages of the automatic machine, the dipping plate is lowered into the dipping trough; (g) it shall be prohibited to transport ignition mass through the storage places of finished products, the coating section and near drying devices, and phosphorus mass - through the automatic-machine workshop and the premises for stacking spilled matches; (h) the floors of the grinding section shall be kept constantly in a moistened state; (i) it shall not be permitted to store, in the workshop for preparing ignition and phosphorus masses, a stock of materials exceeding the shift requirement; the containers with the stock of materials shall be kept closed; (j) it shall not be permitted to use, for the preparation and storage of ignition and phosphorus masses, vessels with a capacity of more than 50 kilograms. The vessels are made of non-ferrous metal and shall have devices (handles) for carrying them; (k) the grinding of Berthollet salt and sulphur in a dry form in a ball mill shall not be permitted; (l) the contamination of phosphorus and ignition masses with match splints, matches and various waste shall not be permitted; (m) the weighing-out of chemicals for match masses shall be carried out in special cabinets equipped with exhaust ventilation.
152. The workwear of those working in the workshops for preparing match masses and in the automatic-machine workshops shall be impregnated with a fire-retardant composition.
153. In the premises for stacking spilled matches and at each automatic machine, the stock of matches placed in cassettes shall not exceed 10 small or 5 large cassettes. The stock of matches near box-filling machines shall not exceed 3 small cassettes. Cassettes with matches are stored on racks and stacked in no more than 2 rows in height, with spacers of non-ferrous metal between them. It shall be prohibited to store in the workshop more than 10 small or 5 large cassettes with matches in one place.
154. The stock of finished matches in the zone of box-coating and packaging machines shall not exceed 20 boxes per machine. In the intermediate storage area, the quantity of finished products shall not exceed the shift output of one automatic match machine.
155. By the head of the organisation or another official authorised by the head of the organisation, a corresponding instruction for the performance of work to collect, transport and destroy the waste of match masses is developed and approved.
156. The waste of match masses and wooden containers are disposed of outside the territory of the enterprise on a site having a fence and a hard covering. The waste of match masses is delivered to the disposal site diluted with water.
157. At power industry facilities, in the gas-tight walls separating premises with control and measuring instruments and control devices from gas control points and gas control installations, the presence of through holes and gaps shall not be permitted. The laying of communications through such walls may be carried out only with the use of special devices (glands).
158. At power stations: (a) it shall be prohibited to carry out the installation or repair of equipment in a room when the ventilation is not operating; (b) when fuel is being supplied, all dust-removal means located on the fuel-supply path shall be operating, as well as the devices for catching metal, chips and other foreign inclusions from the fuel; (c) on the fuel-supply path, monitoring is carried out regularly and routine repairs and maintenance are performed in good time to prevent the accumulation of dust; (d) in the premises of the fuel-supply path, cleanliness shall be maintained and cleaning shall be carried out regularly with the removal of dust from all places of its accumulation. Cleaning is carried out according to an approved schedule depending on the type of solid fuel, its tendency to oxidise and the dustiness of the premises. Dust is removed by hydraulic washing or by a mechanised method. Where necessary, in individual places of manual cleaning, this work may be carried out only after moistening the dust with sprayed water; (e) on the cable routes running along the fuel-supply path, the presence of a gap between the cables to reduce the accumulation of dust shall be monitored; (f) when conveyor belts are being loaded, there shall be no dropping or spilling of fuel, and it shall be removed during the working shift. The accumulation of fuel under the lower strand of the conveyor belts shall not be permitted; (g) except in emergency situations, it shall not be permitted to stop conveyors loaded with fuel. In the event of an emergency stop, the conveyor belts are freed (unloaded) of fuel in the shortest possible time; (h) when the power station switches to the prolonged burning of gas or fuel oil and before a major overhaul of the corresponding equipment, complete emptying of the raw-fuel bunkers is carried out; (i) before carrying out vulcanisation work on a conveyor, a section of no less than 10 metres along the belt shall be cleaned of dust (where necessary, hydraulic cleaning shall be performed), fenced off with panels of non-combustible materials and provided with primary fire-extinguishing means; (j) it shall be prohibited, in the premises and corridors of enclosed switchgear and substations, to arrange storerooms not relating to the switchgear, and also to store electrical equipment, spare parts, containers with combustible liquids and cylinders with various gases; (k) in the event of oil getting onto the thermal insulation of hot surfaces, it shall be immediately cleaned (with hot water or steam), and in the event of deep impregnation of the insulation, the section of thermal insulation shall be replaced; (l) the drip trays under oil-filled equipment for collecting possible oil leaks shall be in good working order, and the passability of the pipelines for the organised discharge of oil into the collection tank shall be checked during repairs. It shall be prohibited, for collecting oil leaks from seals and glands on equipment, to place rags and waste cloth, and also to use temporary trays and pans.
159. In cable structures: (a) indicators of the nearest exit are installed at intervals of no more than 60 metres; (b) indicators (a diagram) of movement to the nearest exit are applied to the doors of sectional partitions. Ladders are installed at the exit hatches from cable structures so that they do not obstruct passage along the tunnel (floor); (c) the laying of armoured cables inside premises without removing the combustible jute covering shall be prohibited; (d) during the operation of cable structures, the doors of sectional partitions are fixed in the closed position; (e) during reconstruction or repair, the use of cables with combustible insulation shall be prohibited; (f) storing combustible and other materials not related to this installation in the premises of the feeding devices for oil-filled cables shall be prohibited; (g) cable channels and raised floors in switchgear and other premises shall be covered with removable slabs made of non-combustible materials. Removable slabs shall have devices for their quick manual lifting; (h) during reconstruction and repair, the laying of any transit utilities and busways through cable structures shall not be permitted; (i) during the operation of cable structures, fire-protective cable coatings and cable penetrations shall not have visible damage (delamination, swelling, chips, cracking, etc.). When such places are detected, measures are taken for their repair and restoration; (j) the operation of cable structures after the laying of additional cable lines without restoring the required standardised fire-resistance limits of the penetrations at the points where the cable passes through building structures shall be prohibited.
160. Oil-collecting devices beneath transformers and reactors, and oil drains (or special drainage systems), shall be maintained in serviceable condition so as to prevent, in the event of an accident, the spreading of oil and its ingress into cable channels and other structures.
161. Within the edge barriers of the oil collector, the gravel fill shall be kept clean. Where a continuous surface layer of dust and sand forms on the gravel fill, where more than 50 per cent of its surface becomes oiled, and also where solid deposits of petroleum products more than 3 millimetres thick form on the gravel fill, where vegetation higher than 0.2 metres appears, or where it cannot be washed and cleaned, the gravel is replaced.
162. It shall be prohibited to use (adapt) the walls of cable channels as edge barriers for the oil collectors of transformers and oil reactors. The edge barriers of oil collectors shall be continuous around the entire perimeter of the device.
163. At the places where mobile firefighting equipment is installed, earthing points are provided and marked, which are determined by the specialists of the power facilities.
164. At protected facilities belonging to the printing industry: (a) the tables and cabinets (bedside cabinets) in the machine typesetting sections are covered with sheet stainless or galvanised steel or heat-resistant plastic; (b) the cleaning of magazines, matrices and wedges is carried out with fire-safe solutions. In exceptional cases, the cleaning of magazines, matrices and wedges with a flammable or combustible liquid may be carried out directly in the linotype section, in a cabinet made of non-combustible materials and fitted with exhaust ventilation.
165. At protected facilities belonging to the printing industry, it shall be prohibited to: (a) hang wet ingots on the metal feeder of casting machines; (b) load the casting pot with typesetting materials contaminated with paints and combustible substances; (c) leave combustible cleaning materials and oil cans containing oil on typesetting machines, or store them near such machines; (d) approach the casting apparatus and work on the machine in workwear contaminated with combustible liquid; (e) lay floors of combustible materials in the type-metal melting sections.
166. The pouring of matrix material (vinyl plastic, wax mass, lead) with a solution of rubber in petrol, and the impregnation of filter cardboard with bakelite varnish, shall be carried out on tables made of non-combustible materials and fitted with edge devices for the removal of liquid, or in a fume cabinet. It shall be prohibited to graphitise matrix material by an open method on the traler of a press or the traler of a heating device, or to dry it over heating and warming appliances. The graphitisation of matrix material shall be carried out in a special closed apparatus with the exhaust ventilation switched on.
167. Built-in (attached) vacuum-pump and heat-generator rooms for preparing feed with open-flame heating, and rooms for storing a supply of coarse feed at livestock and poultry farms, shall be separated by fire barriers, with exits provided directly to the outside.
168. It shall be prohibited to set up workshops, storerooms and parking areas for motor vehicles, tractors and agricultural machinery in premises for livestock and poultry, or to carry out any work not connected with the servicing of the farms. The entry into premises for livestock and poultry of tractors, motor vehicles and agricultural machines whose exhaust pipes are not fitted with spark arresters shall be prohibited, except in cases where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used.
169. The storage of coarse feed in the attic premises of farms shall be prohibited if: (a) the roof is made of combustible materials; (b) the wooden attic floors are not treated with fire-retardant compounds on the side facing the attic premises; (c) the electrical wiring in the attic is laid without protection against mechanical damage; (d) there is no enclosure around the chimneys of the heating systems along the perimeter at a distance of 1 metre.
170. When installing and operating electric brooders, the following requirements shall be observed: (a) the distance from the heating elements to the bedding and combustible objects shall be no less than 1 metre vertically and no less than 0.5 metres horizontally; (b) the heating elements shall be factory-made and arranged in such a way as to preclude the possibility of red-hot particles falling out. The use of open heating elements shall not be permitted; (c) the supply of electricity to the brooders is provided by separate lines from the distribution board. Each brooder shall have a separate switch; (d) the distribution board shall have a knife switch for de-energising the entire electrical network, as well as devices for protection against short circuit, overload, etc.; (e) the temperature regime beneath the brooder shall be maintained automatically.
171. Mobile ultraviolet installations and their electrical equipment are installed at a distance of no less than 1 metre from combustible materials. The wires running to electric brooders and ultraviolet installations are laid at a height of no less than 2.5 metres from floor level and at a distance of no less than 0.2 metres from structures made of combustible materials.
172. The liquid-fuel engines of shearing units, generators and other motorised equipment are installed on a site cleared of grass and debris at a distance of no less than 15 metres from buildings. The storage of supplies of fuel and lubricants is carried out in closed metal containers at a distance of no less than 20 metres from buildings, installations and structures.
173. It shall be prohibited to allow the accumulation of wool at a shearing station in excess of the shift output, or to obstruct passages and exits with bales of wool.
174. For each individual room of a cattle yard, instructions shall be drawn up for the servicing personnel on leading the animals out in the event of a fire. The instructions shall be posted in a prominent place in the rooms of the cattle yard, and all servicing personnel shall be familiarised with them. The gates and doors of premises for livestock shall open outward and shall not be obstructed. The installation of thresholds, steps and gateway thresholds, as well as of springs and pulleys for their automatic closing, shall be prohibited. The doors of stalls may be fitted only with easily opened bolts or latches. The hanging of locks on doors and gates shall be prohibited. In winter, all areas in front of the gates and doors shall be cleared of snow to ensure that they can be opened freely. In the passages and rooms of cattle yards, it shall be prohibited to stack or place any objects, materials and fodder that could restrict the movement of the animals when they are being led out of the cattle yards. The installation of temporary stoves in livestock premises shall be prohibited. Fodder may be stored in buildings for livestock in a quantity not exceeding the daily issue rate, and in separate rooms. The storage of fodder in attics shall not be permitted.
175. Under field conditions, the storage of petroleum products and the refuelling of motor vehicles, other equipment and process equipment with them are carried out on special sites that are cleared of dry grass and combustible debris and ploughed around with a strip no less than 4 metres wide, or on ploughed land at a distance of 100 metres from threshing floors, stacks of hay and straw, grain fields and other agricultural crops, and no less than 50 metres from structures.
176. Before the start of work, grain-cleaning and threshing machines shall be adjusted to an air regime in the aspiration channels that precludes the release of dust into the room. The explosion-relief devices above the machines shall be in serviceable working condition.
177. Bucket elevators with a capacity of more than 50 tonnes per hour are fitted with automatic braking devices that protect the belt from running backward during stops. It shall be prohibited to construct bucket elevators or their individual parts from wood or other combustible materials.
178. Screw conveyors for uncleaned grain are fitted with grids for catching large impurities and with safety valves that open under the pressure of the product. The frequency of cleaning the grids is established by the head of the organisation.
179. The tension of the belts of all V-belt drives shall be uniform. Work with an incomplete set of V-belts, or the use of belts with a profile that does not match the profile of the pulley grooves, shall be prohibited. The replacement of V-belts is carried out as a complete set for such a drive.
180. The head of the organisation organises the conduct of fire-safety briefings for the persons involved in the harvesting, and provides the harvesting units and motor vehicles with primary fire-extinguishing means (combines of all types and tractors - with 2 fire extinguishers and 2 spade shovels) and with serviceable spark arresters, except in cases where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used.
181. It shall be prohibited to sow cereal crops within the boundaries of the rights-of-way and the protection zones of railways, and also within the boundaries of the rights-of-way of motor roads. Ricks of grass mown on these strips shall be placed at a distance of no less than 30 metres from grain fields. Before the ripening of cereal crops, grain fields, at the points where they adjoin forest and peat areas, the steppe belt and motor and railway roads, shall be mown around and ploughed around with a strip no less than 4 metres wide.
182. The harvesting of grain crops begins with the division of the grain fields into plots with an area of no more than 50 hectares. Mown strips no less than 8 metres wide are made between the plots. The grain mown from the mown strips is removed immediately. In the middle of the mown strips, a ploughed strip no less than 4 metres wide is made.
183. Temporary field camps shall be located no closer than 100 metres from grain fields, threshing floors, etc. The sites of field camps and grain-threshing floors shall be ploughed around with a strip no less than 4 metres wide.
184. When harvesting grain fields with an area of more than 25 hectares, a tractor with a plough shall be kept in constant readiness for ploughing around the combustion zone in the event of a fire.
185. The burning of dry herbaceous vegetation, stubble and post-harvest residues (with the exception of rice straw) on agricultural land, reserve land and the land of populated areas shall be prohibited. The use of open flame and the lighting of bonfires on agricultural land, reserve land and the land of populated areas may be carried out provided that the fire-safety requirements established in the manner set out in Appendix No. 4 are complied with. The burning of rice straw may be carried out in windless weather subject to compliance with the provisions of paragraph 63 of these Rules.
186. The rightholders of agricultural land plots (owners of land plots, land users, landowners and tenants of land plots) shall take measures to protect agricultural land from being overgrown with weed vegetation and to ensure the timely mowing of hayfields.
187. Grain-threshing floors shall be located no closer than 50 metres from buildings, installations and structures, and no less than 100 metres from grain fields.
188. During the harvesting of grain crops and the making of feed, it shall be prohibited to: (a) smoke outside specially equipped places and carry out work involving the use of open flame in grain fields and in their vicinity, as well as near ricks (stacks) of hay and straw; (b) use in work harvesting units and motor vehicles (motorised equipment) that have faults which may cause a fire; (c) use in work harvesting units and motor vehicles (motorised equipment) without bonnets or with open bonnets, and also without protective casings; (d) use in work harvesting units and motor vehicles (motorised equipment) without spark arresters, except in cases where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used, and also without primary fire-extinguishing means; (e) burn out dust in the radiators of the engines of harvesting units and motor vehicles (motorised equipment) with blowlamps or by other means; (f) refuel harvesting units and motor vehicles (motorised equipment) under field conditions outside special sites that are equipped with fire-extinguishing means and illuminated at night.
189. During the harvesting period, the engine radiators, the shafts of beaters, straw stuffers, conveyors and pick-ups, the screw conveyors and other assemblies and parts of harvesting units and motor vehicles shall be cleaned of dust, straw and grain as necessary, but no less than 2 times per shift.
190. Ricks (stacks), sheds and stacks of coarse feed are placed (except when placed on household plots): (a) at a distance of no less than 15 metres from the axis of power and communication lines, including temporary cables; (b) at a distance of no less than 50 metres from buildings, installations and forest plantations; (c) outside the rights-of-way and protection zones of railways, the roadside strips of motor roads and the protection zones of overhead power lines.
191. The sites for placing ricks (stacks), as well as pairs of ricks (stacks) or stacks, shall be ploughed around the perimeter with a strip no less than 4 metres wide. The distance from the edge of the ploughed strip to a rick (stack) located on the site shall be no less than 15 metres. The base area of a single rick (stack) shall not exceed 150 square metres, and that of a stack of pressed hay (straw) shall not exceed 500 square metres. The fire-safety distances between individual stacks, sheds and ricks (stacks) shall be no less than 20 metres. Where stacks, sheds and ricks (stacks) are placed in pairs, the distance between the stacks and sheds shall be provided as no less than 6 metres, and between their pairs as no less than 30 metres. The fire-safety distances between blocks of ricks and stacks (no more than 20 units may be placed in a block) shall be no less than 100 metres. The fire-safety distances from a grass-meal preparation point to buildings, installations, structures and tanks containing fuel and lubricants shall be no less than 50 metres, and to open stores of coarse feed shall be no less than 150 metres.
192. Units for preparing grass meal are installed under a shed or in premises. The structures of sheds and premises made of combustible materials are treated with fire-retardant compounds.
193. The service fuel tank shall be installed outside the room housing the unit.
194. Where combustion of the product is detected in the drying drum, it shall be prohibited to place into the common storage the product prepared before the fire in a quantity of no less than the last 150 kilograms, and the first product obtained after the extinguishing of the fire in a quantity of no less than 200 kilograms. These products shall be stored separately, and their temperature condition shall be monitored for no less than 48 hours.
195. The prepared meal packed into bags shall be kept under a shed for no less than 48 hours to reduce its temperature. The storage of the meal is carried out in a separate store or compartment separated by fire walls and floors and provided with ventilation. The meal is stored separately from other substances and materials. The ingress of moisture into the store premises shall not be permitted. It shall be prohibited to store the meal in bulk. Bags of meal shall be stacked in stacks no more than 2 metres high, 2 to a row. The passages between the rows shall be no less than 1 metre wide, and those along the walls shall be 0.8 metres wide.
196. The premises for processing flax, hemp and other industrial crops (hereinafter referred to as industrial crops) are isolated from the engine room. The exhaust pipes of internal combustion engines installed in the engine room shall be fitted with spark arresters, except in cases where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used. At the point where the exhaust pipes pass through structures made of combustible materials, a fire-protective separation shall be provided.
197. The storage of the raw material of industrial crops is carried out in stacks, shokhs (under sheds) and closed stores, while fibre and tow are stored only in closed stores.
198. During the primary processing of industrial crops, it shall be prohibited to: (a) store and thresh flax on the territory of farms, repair workshops, garages, etc.; (b) drive motor vehicles and tractors into production premises, finished-product stores and shokhs. Motor vehicles shall stop at a distance of no less than 5 metres, and tractors no less than 10 metres, from the specified buildings, ricks and shokhs; (c) install stove heating in the breaking-and-scutching shop.
199. Motor vehicles, tractors and other self-propelled machines entering the territory of a flax-processing point are fitted with serviceable spark arresters, except in cases where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used. When approaching ricks (shokhs), stacks and sheds where coarse feed and fibrous materials are stored, vehicles shall be turned with the side opposite to the direction of the exhaust-gas outlet from the engine exhaust systems, shall have serviceable spark arresters, except in cases where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used, and shall stop at a distance of no less than 3 metres from the ricks (shokhs). During the loading of coarse feed and fibrous materials into the body of a motor vehicle, its engine shall be switched off. The movement of a motor vehicle may be permitted only after inspection of the vehicle's parking place and the removal of the hay (straw) located near the exhaust pipe.
200. The natural drying of retted flax shall be carried out on specially designated areas. The artificial drying of retted flax shall be carried out only in special dryers and drying barns (ovins). The design of the furnaces installed in drying barns (ovins) for drying retted flax shall preclude the possibility of sparks entering the interior of the premises. In dryers and drying barns (ovins), the arrangement of grate bars above the furnace for laying flax shall not be permitted. The distance from the furnace to structures made of combustible materials shall be no less than 1 metre. The grate bars on the furnace side shall have an enclosure made of non-combustible materials, of a height up to the ceiling. In dryers and drying barns (ovins), the following requirements shall be complied with: the temperature of the heat carrier when drying retted flax shall be no more than 80 degrees Celsius, and when drying heads no more than 50 degrees Celsius; the fan shall be switched on no earlier than 1 hour after the start of firing; after one shift of dryer operation, the ash shall be removed from the firebox space, the settling chambers, the cyclone spark arrester and the mixing chamber. The flues shall be cleaned no less than every 10 days of dryer operation; the cleaning of the trays and drying chambers of fallen retted flax and various waste shall be carried out each time before loading new retted flax for drying. The storage of a supply of retted flax and flax fibre in the dryer premises shall be prohibited; after loading retted flax into the drying barn, the stems that have fallen and are hanging from the grate bars shall be removed, and the furnace, walls and floor shall be thoroughly cleaned of retted flax. It shall be prohibited to stack retted flax right up against the dryer building.
201. The room of the breaking-and-scutching unit shall have exhaust ventilation, while the scutching units are fitted with hoods. The units shall be enclosed on all sides with removable hinged screens that prevent the spread of dust throughout the room.
202. Free access is provided to the gate valves (dampers) installed before and after the fans of the ventilation pipes.
203. The quantity of retted flax present in the production premises shall not exceed the shift requirement. It shall be prohibited to stack retted flax in stacks closer than 3 metres to machines and units. The finished products shall be removed from the premises to the store no less than 2 times per shift.
204. Daily, at the end of the working day, the premises of the breaking-and-scutching shop shall be thoroughly cleaned - cleared of fibre, dust and shive. The machines, walls and internal surfaces of the shop covering are swept, and the shive collectors are cleaned.
205. In tobacco dryers, the racks and shelving units are made of non-combustible materials. In flame dryers, metal canopies protecting them from the ingress of tobacco are installed above the fire tubes.
206. The head of the organisation ensures compliance with the fire-safety requirements during the operation of railway rolling stock, in respect of the proper operation, repair and maintenance of the fire-protection systems provided for by the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Railway Rolling Stock" (TR TS 001/2011), the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of High-Speed Railway Transport" (TR TS 002/2011) and the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Railway Transport Infrastructure" (TR TS 003/2011).
207. At transport infrastructure facilities provided for by the provisions of the Federal Law "On Transport Security", the head of the organisation, in respect of premises for the storage (parking) of vehicles in a quantity of more than 25 units, ensures the development of a plan for the arrangement of vehicles, with a description of the sequence and procedure for their evacuation in the event of a fire, as well as the equipping of the specified premises and open-storage sites for vehicles (except individual ones) with tow ropes and bars at the rate of 1 rope (bar) per 10 units of equipment.
208. The crossings and passages across the on-site railway tracks shall be clear for the passage of fire engines. There shall be no less than 2 crossings across the tracks.
209. In premises, under sheds and on open sites for the storage (parking) of vehicles, it shall be prohibited to: place vehicles in a quantity exceeding the quantity provided for in the design documentation for such a protected facility, breach the plan of their arrangement, or reduce the distance between motor vehicles; obstruct the exit gates and driveways; carry out forging, thermal, welding, painting and woodworking operations, as well as the washing of parts using flammable and combustible liquids; leave vehicles with the fuel-tank fillers open, or where there is a leak of fuel and oil; refuel vehicles with fuel or drain fuel from them; store containers that have held fuel, as well as fuel and oils; recharge batteries directly on the vehicles, with the exception of the traction storage batteries of electric vehicles and rechargeable hybrid vehicles that do not release combustible gases during charging and operation; heat engines with open flame, or use open sources of fire for lighting. Vehicles intended for the carriage of flammable and combustible liquids, as well as of combustible gases, shall be placed separately from other vehicles.
210. The head of the organisation ensures the availability, at each metro station, of an operational fire-extinguishing plan, instructions on fire-safety measures, a passenger evacuation plan, and instructions on the procedure for the actions of metro employees during the operation of the tunnel ventilation shafts in the event of smoke or fire. These documents shall be kept in the room of the station duty officer. A second copy of the operational fire-extinguishing plan is kept at the ticket office with the senior cashier and is issued at the first request of the person in charge of extinguishing the fire.
211. The points where operating tunnels and metro stations adjoin protected facilities under construction and reconstruction are enclosed, before the start of the work, with type 1 fire partitions or type 2 fire walls. When organising work at the points adjoining the operating metro lines, telephone communication with the duty personnel of the metro station is provided.
212. Clothing lockers for metro staff, installed in the underground space of the metro, are made of non-combustible materials.
213. In the underground structures of a metro station, no more than 2 gas cylinders with a capacity of no more than 5 litres each may be stored in a specially designated place.
214. Scheduled hot work in the underground structures of the metro is carried out only at night, in the absence of passengers, after the voltage in the electrical network has been switched off.
215. The delivery of fuel and lubricants for carrying out process work in the metro tunnel(s) shall be carried out by track-motor transport equipped for this purpose, in special dispensing containers, at night (in the absence of passengers in the metro). Transport adapted for the carriage of fuel and lubricants in tunnels is equipped with no less than 2 fire extinguishers with a minimum extinguishing rating for a model fire seat of 55B.
216. For checking the fire prevention regime in the premises of stations and the cable collectors of the metro, keys marked in accordance with the numbering of the premises shall be kept on the emergency board in the cabins and rooms of the station duty officers or at the dispatcher signalling posts.
217. When carrying out repair work in the underground space of the metro, metal scaffolding is used.
218. In operating metro tunnels, it shall be prohibited to carry out work with gas generators or to heat bitumen.
219. In the premises of machine halls and escalators, and in dismantling chambers, the storage of spare parts, lubricants and other materials shall be prohibited.
220. The painting of cable lines in metro tunnels shall be carried out only at night.
221. The cars of metro rolling stock are equipped with fire extinguishers with a minimum extinguishing rating for a model fire seat of 2A, 21B, E and with blankets for isolating the seat of ignition, in a quantity of no less than 2 fire extinguishers and 2 blankets. The place where the fire extinguishers and the blankets for isolating the seat of ignition are installed is marked with the corresponding fire-safety signs.
222. Electric heaters installed in drivers' cabs shall be securely fastened and shall have a device for protection against short circuit. The placement of combustible materials on the heaters and in their vicinity shall not be permitted.
223. Non-stationary retail units may be installed only in the surface vestibules of metro stations and in underground street passages. Non-stationary retail units shall be made of non-combustible materials and placed in such a way that they do not obstruct the free passage of passengers or reduce the width of the escape routes established by the fire-safety requirements. Oil-filled electric radiators or convective-type electric heaters shall be used for heating non-stationary retail units. Non-stationary retail units are equipped with an automatic fire alarm with the signal relayed to a room with round-the-clock presence of the duty personnel of the metro station, as well as with primary fire-extinguishing means or self-contained liquid fire-extinguishing installations. In non-stationary retail units installed in the surface vestibules of metro stations and in underground street passages, it shall be prohibited to: trade in (use) flammable and combustible liquids, combustible gases, goods in aerosol packaging, pyrotechnic articles and other fire-hazardous materials; store goods in an amount exceeding the daily requirement, as well as packaging material, retail equipment and containers.
224. In locomotive depots and reserve bases for locomotives (steam locomotives), it shall be prohibited to: (a) place in the depot steam locomotives with active fireboxes, or fire them up in the stalls outside the exhaust hoods; (b) clean the fireboxes and ashpans in the depot stalls in places not designated for this; (c) place rolling stock carrying flammable and combustible liquids, combustible gases, hazardous and other combustible cargoes at a distance of less than 50 metres from the designated place for cleaning the firebox of a steam locomotive; (d) place in the depot stalls tanks containing flammable and combustible liquids, as well as empty tanks that have held those liquids without their prior steaming.
225. In slag-removal pits and at the places for cleaning fireboxes, the slag and clinker shall be doused with water and removed regularly.
226. At protected facilities belonging to railway transport, it shall be prohibited to operate: (a) sites allocated for washing-and-steaming stations (points) that do not meet the requirements of the standard process procedure of the stations; (b) sections of territory where tanks are processed, without a hard surface that prevents the penetration of petroleum products into the ground.
227. During processing at washing-and-steaming stations (points): (a) the delivery of tanks to the place of their processing is carried out only by diesel locomotives (shunting locomotives) fitted with spark arresters. When tanks are delivered, a cover of no less than 2 four-axle wagons is established. The approach of diesel locomotives closer than 20 metres to the cleaning places shall not be permitted, which shall be indicated by a signal prohibiting further movement; (b) the discharge devices, the caps of the domes and the loading hatches of the tanks are closed; (c) the processed tanks are fitted with serviceable shut-off valves.
228. It shall be prohibited to seat the valves of the discharge devices of tanks on tracks that are not equipped with troughs or other devices for catching residues of petroleum products. The hatches and pits at the settling tanks and pipelines shall be kept constantly closed with covers. When the valves are seated, only battery-powered lamps and non-sparking tools are used.
229. It shall be prohibited to operate, without earthing, tanks, pipelines, gantries, tank cars under discharge and discharge-and-filling railway tracks.
230. Metal portable and mobile ladders are fitted with copper hooks and rubber pads under the joints.
231. Inside boilers and tank cars, lighting may be provided only by battery-powered lamps of explosion-protected design. The lamp shall be switched on and off outside the tank cars.
232. Gantries and platforms shall be cleared of oil product residues not less than once per shift.
233. Within the territory of washing-and-steaming stations (points), the following shall be prohibited: (a) wearing, when working inside the boiler of the tank car, footwear studded with steel plates or nails; (b) discharging residues of flammable and (or) combustible liquid together with water and condensate into the common sewerage network, open ditches, roadside ditches, down slopes and elsewhere; (c) using, for lowering people into the tank car, portable steel ladders, and also wooden ladders sheathed with steel; (d) leaving wiping materials inside the tank cars being inspected and on their external parts; (e) driving locomotives into the cleaning depot and under the gantries.
234. The right-of-way strips and protection zones of railways (including those placed under conservation) shall be cleared of deadfall wood, felling residues and shrubs (except for trees and shrubs classified as part of the artistic and landscape design of roads and structures, and also as protective forest belts), used and rejected wooden railway sleepers, and also other combustible waste. These materials shall be removed from the right-of-way strip in a timely manner. Within the right-of-way strips and protection zones of roads, and also on sections of railway tracks and motor roads, the throwing out of hot slag, coal and ash, and also of burning cigarette butts and matches while railway rolling stock and motor transport are in motion, shall not be permitted.
235. Flammable and combustible liquids spilled on railway tracks shall be covered with sand and earth and removed.
236. Sleepers and beams, when temporarily stored on track sections, at stations and at track-panel assembly depots, are placed in stacks. The area beneath the stacks shall be cleared of dry grass and other combustible material and, along the perimeter, trenched or ploughed to a width of not less than 3 metres. Stacks of sleepers and beams may be placed parallel to the track at a distance of not less than 30 metres from protected facilities, 10 metres from tracks for organised train movement, 6 metres from other tracks and not less than one and a half times the height of the support from the axis of power transmission and communication lines. The distance between stacks of sleepers shall be not less than 1 metre, and between each pair of stacks not less than 20 metres.
237. The storage of hay, straw and firewood shall be prohibited: (a) at a distance of less than 50 metres from bridges, overpasses, track structures and tracks for organised train movement, and also from forest plantations; (b) at a distance of less than 15 metres from the axis of communication lines; (c) within the protection zones of overhead power transmission lines.
238. Within the boundaries of the right-of-way strips and roadside strips of motor roads, within the boundaries of the right-of-way strips and protection zones of railways, overpasses and product pipelines, it shall be prohibited to burn off dry grassy vegetation, to light bonfires, to burn brushwood, felling residues and combustible materials, and also to leave dead standing trees and shrubs.
239. The burning of felling residues and combustible materials on land plots within the boundaries of the right-of-way strips and protection zones of railways (except for plots located on peat soils, within populated localities, and plots bordering special natural zones and forests) may be carried out by the owner of the railway tracks in calm weather, provided that: (a) a stable snow cover of not less than 5 centimetres in thickness has become established in the burning area, and the entire burning process is carried out under the supervision of representatives of the owner of the railway tracks; (b) the burning site is located at a distance of not less than 10 metres from the forest and from railway transport facilities; (c) the burning site is separated by a fire-prevention mineralised strip not less than 1.4 metres wide; (d) the territory around the burning site is cleared, within a radius of not less than 15 metres, of dead standing trees, deadfall wood, felling residues and other combustible materials, and no special fire-prevention regime is in effect on the territory that includes the burning site.
240. Within the territory of forest plantations, bridges shall be bordered by a mineralised strip not less than 1.4 metres wide along the external perimeter of the right-of-way strip. The ground areas beneath bridges within a radius of 50 metres shall be cleared of dry grass, shrubs, deadfall wood, refuse and other combustible materials. On all bridges and overpasses, the following shall be prohibited: setting up beneath them berthing places for vessels, rafts, barges and boats; refuelling kerosene lamps and the tanks of petrol-engine units; keeping span structures and other constructions not cleared of oil products; burning off dry grass beneath bridges, and also burning shrubs and other combustible material; carrying out hot work without the permission of the head of the organisation.
241. The head of the organisation ensures the availability, at the locations of track machine stations (where artificial and natural water supply sources are absent), of a water reserve for fire-extinguishing needs at the rate of 50 cubic metres per 20 wagons.
242. Each mobile formation of railway transport shall have telephone communication with the nearest railway station for summoning the fire brigade. At the wagon parking points of track machine stations, a fire alarm signal is installed.
243. Passenger wagons, locomotives and multiple-unit rolling stock are provided with personal protective equipment for the human respiratory organs and eyes against the hazardous factors of fire, at the rate of not less than one item per each member of the train crew and not less than one item per each member of the locomotive crew.
244. When organising the transport of fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials, the requirements of these Rules and of other technical documentation for their transport approved in accordance with the established procedure shall be complied with. The operation of motor vehicles transporting flammable and combustible liquids without earthing, without primary fire-extinguishing means, and also of those not marked in accordance with the degree of hazard of the cargo and not equipped with serviceable spark arresters, shall be prohibited, except in cases where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used.
245. The packaging of fire- and explosion-hazardous substances and materials which emit flammable, poisonous, caustic or corrosive vapours or gases, which become explosive on drying and which may ignite on contact with air and moisture, and also of substances and materials possessing oxidising properties, shall be airtight. Fire-hazardous substances and materials in glass containers are packed in strong boxes or crates (wooden, plastic, metal) with the free space filled with non-combustible packing and absorbent materials that preclude depressurisation of the container.
246. The loading into one wagon or container of fire- and explosion-hazardous substances and materials not permitted for joint transport shall be prohibited. Boxes of acids, when loaded into wagons, are placed on the opposite side from boxes of flammable and combustible liquids.
247. The operation of conveyors, bucket elevators, gravity and pneumatic pipes with defective and non-airtight enclosures of the points of dust emission shall be prohibited. The ventilation shall ensure the constant and effective removal of dust from beneath the enclosures.
248. It shall be prohibited to operate pneumatic conveying and gravity devices (while the product is moving in the pipelines) when dust has accumulated in the pipelines. The starting of conveyors and pneumatic conveying devices is carried out after checking their operation under no-load running, the absence of foreign objects in them, the presence of lubricant in the bearings and the good working order of all protective devices.
249. The automatic interlocking of the electric motors of the process equipment with the electric motors of the blower machines from which the product enters the corresponding pneumatic conveying network shall be in good working order and shall be checked at every start-up of the equipment.
250. The operation of defective screw conveyors and bucket elevators (including where there is no clearance between the screw and the wall of the trough, friction of the belts and catching of the buckets against the walls of the trough) shall be prohibited. The rollers of the conveyors and the tension drums shall rotate freely. Slipping of the belt, and also the lubrication of the drive drums with bitumen, rosin and other combustible materials, shall not be permitted.
251. The buttons for stopping the operation of the process equipment of the workshop and for switching off the aspiration and ventilation systems in the event of ignition in the bucket elevators, gravity and pneumatic pipes and on other conveyors shall be installed on each floor near the staircase and shall be in good working order.
252. It shall be prohibited to operate aspiration lines and lines for conveying comminuted materials with disconnected or defective fire-protection systems.
253. On a vehicle transporting fire- and explosion-hazardous substances, and also on each package on which these substances and materials are located, there shall be safety signs.
254. The head of the organisation provides the loading and unloading places for fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials with: (a) special devices ensuring safe conditions for carrying out the work (trestles, stands, boards, gangways, stretchers and others). In doing so, for glass containers, trolleys or special stretchers having corresponding seating positions shall be provided. Glass containers may be carried in serviceable baskets with handles enabling them to be carried by 2 workers; (b) primary fire-extinguishing means; (c) serviceable stationary or temporary electric lighting of explosion-protected design.
255. It shall be prohibited to use open flame and to smoke at the sites of loading and unloading operations involving fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials.
256. Vehicles (wagons, bodies, trailers, containers and others) supplied for the loading of fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials shall be serviceable and cleared of foreign substances and materials.
257. Upon the discovery of damage to the container (packaging), or of scattered or spilled fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials, the damaged container (packaging) shall be immediately removed, the floor cleaned, and the scattered or spilled substances and materials removed.
258. When carrying out loading and unloading operations involving fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials, workers shall comply with the requirements of the marking signs and warning inscriptions on the packaging. It shall be prohibited to carry out loading and unloading operations involving fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials with the engines of the motor vehicles running, and also during rain if the substances and materials are prone to spontaneous combustion on contact with water.
259. Fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous substances and materials shall be securely fastened in wagons, containers and the bodies of motor vehicles to preclude their displacement during movement.
260. When carrying out process operations associated with the filling and discharge of flammable and combustible liquids: (a) hatches and covers shall be opened smoothly, without jerks and impacts, using spark-safe tools. It shall be prohibited to carry out loading and unloading operations with containers doused with flammable and combustible liquids; (b) the fittings, hoses, detachable connections and static-electricity protection devices shall be in good technical condition.
261. Before filling tanks, tank cars, containers and other vessels with liquid, the good working order of the available measuring device shall be checked.
262. Upon completion of the unloading of fire- and explosion-hazardous or fire-hazardous substances and materials, the wagon, container or body of the motor vehicle shall be inspected, and the refuse and the residues of substances and materials carefully collected and removed.
263. Before each filling and discharge of a tank car, an external inspection of the hoses being connected is carried out. Hoses with through damage to the cord threads shall be replaced. The operation of hoses with connection devices having mechanical damage and thread wear shall be prohibited.
264. Filling and discharge operations shall be carried out with the pipelines earthed, using rubber-fabric hoses.
265. When carrying out discharge and filling operations, it shall be prohibited to leave a tank car connected to the utility lines when its filling and discharge are not being carried out. In the event of a lengthy interruption during the discharge or filling of liquefied hydrocarbon gas, the connecting hoses are disconnected from the tank car.
266. During the filling and discharge of liquefied hydrocarbon gas, the following shall be prohibited: (a) fire-hazardous work and smoking at a distance of less than 100 metres from the tank car; (b) repair work on the tank cars and in their vicinity, and also other work not associated with discharge and filling operations; (c) the approach of motor transport and shunting railway transport; (d) the presence on the discharge and filling gantry of unauthorised persons not performing discharge and filling operations.
267. The head of the organisation ensures the availability, from the side of the railway track on the access tracks and roads at the filling (discharge) section, of signal signs measuring 0.4 x 0.5 metres bearing the inscription "Stop, passage prohibited, tank car filling (discharge) in progress". Before the start of discharge and filling operations, tank cars are secured on the rail track with special chocks made of a material that precludes the formation of sparks, and are earthed.
268. It shall be prohibited to carry out discharge and filling operations during a thunderstorm.
269. A tank car being filled for the first time or after repair involving degassing of the boiler is purged with inert gas. The oxygen concentration in the boiler after purging shall not exceed 5 per cent by volume.
270. The filling of tank cars shall be prohibited in the following cases: (a) the period for the works and depot repair of the running gear of the tank car has expired; (b) the periods for the preventive or scheduled repair of the fittings, or for the technical examination or hydraulic testing of the boiler of the tank car, have expired; (c) the safety fittings, shut-off fittings or monitoring and measuring instruments provided for by the manufacturing enterprise are absent or defective; (d) the prescribed stamps and inscriptions are absent or illegible; (e) the cylindrical part of the boiler or the end plates is damaged (cracks, dents, noticeable changes in shape and others); (f) the tank cars are filled with products not classified as liquefied hydrocarbon gases; (g) the residual gauge pressure of the vapours of liquefied hydrocarbon gases is less than 0.05 MPa (for liquefied hydrocarbon gases the vapour pressure of which in winter may be below 0.05 MPa, the residual gauge pressure is established by the production instruction), except for tank cars filled for the first time or after repair.
271. Before filling, the presence of residual pressure in the tank car, and also the presence in the tank car of water or non-evaporating residues of liquefied hydrocarbon gases, shall be checked. Water in the boiler of the tank car or non-evaporating residues of gases shall be removed before the filling of the tank car. The draining of water and of the non-evaporating residues of liquefied hydrocarbon gas may be carried out only in the presence of a second worker. A leak of liquefied hydrocarbon gas shall be eliminated within the shortest possible time. In doing so, one shall remain on the windward side and have the necessary personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs and eyes.
272. During the filling of a tank car with liquefied hydrocarbon gas, the level of the gas in the boiler of the tank car shall be monitored. Upon the discovery of a product leak, the filling of the tank car is stopped, the product is discharged, the pressure is released, and measures are taken to identify and eliminate the faults.
273. When accepting filled tank cars, the correctness of their filling shall be checked. The maximum degree of filling of tank cars shall not exceed the values established in the operational documentation.
274. The head of the organisation ensures the availability of primary fire-extinguishing means on the discharge and filling gantries.
275. A tank car for liquefied hydrocarbon gas with a detected fault owing to which it cannot proceed to its destination shall be uncoupled from the train and moved to a separate track.
276. On electrified sections of railways, until the voltage has been removed from the contact network, all types of work on top of the tank car, except external inspection, shall be prohibited.
277. The locomotive driver shall be prohibited from uncoupling the locomotive from a train that includes tank wagons with liquefied hydrocarbon gas if no notification has been received of the securing of the train with brake chocks.
278. The repair of the boiler of the tank car and its components, and also its internal inspection, may be carried out only after degassing of the volume of the boiler.
279. When carrying out work to repair the bogies using fire, welding and impacts, the bogies shall be rolled out from under the tank car and moved away from it to a distance of 100 metres.
280. When carrying out repair work, the following shall be prohibited: (a) repairing the boiler in a loaded state, and also in an empty state before the degassing of its volume is carried out; (b) striking the boiler of the tank car; (c) using tools that produce sparking, and being near the tank car with an open flame; (d) carrying out welding and hot work beneath the tank car.
281. When carrying out work inside the boiler of the tank car (internal inspection, repair, cleaning and others): (a) lamps of a voltage not exceeding 12 volts and of serviceable explosion-safe design are used. The switching on and off of the lamp shall be carried out outside the boiler of the tank car; (b) an analysis of the air environment within the volume of the boiler of the tank car is carried out for the absence of a hazardous concentration of hydrocarbons and for the oxygen content.
282. In the non-operating state, the valves of the tank car shall be closed and plugged. Where necessary, the replacement of the gland packing of the valves of a filled tank car may be carried out with the valve fully closed and the plugs removed.
283. In the event of a fire-hazardous situation or fire arising in rolling stock that includes tank wagons with liquefied hydrocarbon gas, at railway stations, on track sections, on discharge and filling gantries, on the tracks of industrial enterprises, or during shunting operations, the heads and other employees of the organisation shall act in accordance with the plan for the containment and elimination of fire-hazardous situations and fires. The head of the organisation establishes emergency teams for the purposes of eliminating fire-hazardous situations and fires.
284. In the event of a leak of liquefied hydrocarbon gas: (a) all process operations for the discharge and filling of liquefied hydrocarbon gas, and also the movement of trains and shunting operations not relating to the containment and elimination of the fire-hazardous situation, shall be stopped, and the potential ignition source (fire, sparks and others) shall be eliminated; (b) combustible substances shall be removed from the zone of the spill of liquefied hydrocarbon gas; (c) the leak shall be eliminated and (or) the contents of the tank car shall be pumped over into a serviceable tank car (vessel); (d) the tank wagon with liquefied hydrocarbon gas shall be moved to a safe zone; (e) in the event of an intensive leak, under organised supervision by the head of the organisation, the gas shall be allowed to escape completely from the tank car; (f) the fire-brigade units, the emergency team and the gas-rescue service shall be summoned to the site of the accident, and the executive authorities and (or) local self-government bodies shall be informed of the emergency situation; (g) the ingress of liquefied hydrocarbon gas into tunnels, cellars and the sewerage shall be prevented.
285. In the event of a fire-hazardous situation arising or the ignition of escaping liquefied hydrocarbon gas, this shall be reported immediately to the train dispatcher and the attendant on duty at the nearest station. The report shall include a description of the nature of the fire-hazardous situation or fire, information on the name of the liquefied hydrocarbon gas transported in the tank wagons, and also on its quantity in the zone of the fire-hazardous situation (fire).
286. Substances and materials in warehouses (premises) shall be stored taking into account their fire-hazardous physico-chemical properties (the capacity for oxidation, self-heating and ignition on the ingress of moisture, on contact with air and others). The joint storage in one fire compartment, together with rubber or materials obtained by the vulcanisation of rubber, of any other materials and goods shall be prohibited.
287. Cylinders with combustible gases, vessels (bottles, carboys, other containers) with flammable and combustible liquids, and also aerosol packages shall be protected from solar and other thermal exposure. On open sites or under canopies, aerosol packages may be stored only in containers made of non-combustible materials.
288. The distance from lamps with incandescent bulbs to the goods being stored shall be not less than 0.5 metres.
289. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in workshop storerooms is carried out in cabinets made of non-combustible materials, separate from other materials. The storage in workshop storerooms of flammable and combustible liquids in a quantity exceeding the norms established at the enterprise shall be prohibited. At workplaces, the quantity of these liquids shall not exceed the shift requirement.
290. The parking and repair of loading-and-unloading and transport equipment in storage premises and on loading platforms shall be prohibited.
291. Cargo and materials unloaded onto the ramp (platform) shall be removed by the end of the working day.
292. All operations involving the opening of containers, the checking of serviceability and minor repair, the packaging of products, and the preparation of working mixtures of fire-hazardous liquids (nitro-paints, varnishes and other combustible liquids) shall be carried out in premises isolated from the places of storage of fire-hazardous and fire- and explosion-hazardous substances and materials.
293. In warehouse premises, it shall be prohibited to use standby lighting or to use gas stoves and electric heating appliances. The equipment of warehouses shall be de-energised upon completion of the working day. The devices intended for disconnecting the power supply of the warehouse shall be located outside the warehouse premises, on a wall made of non-combustible materials or on a free-standing support.
294. When storing combustible materials on an open site (except for non-combustible materials in combustible packaging), the area of one section (stack) shall not exceed 300 square metres, and the fire-prevention distances between stacks shall be not less than 8 metres.
295. The entry of locomotives into storage premises of categories A, B and V1 - V4 shall be prohibited.
296. The bunds around tanks with oil and oil products, flammable and combustible liquids, and also the crossings over the bunds, shall be in good working order.
297. At warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids, the following shall be prohibited: (a) the operation of non-airtight equipment and shut-off fittings; (b) the operation of tanks having distortions and cracks, openings or cracks in the floating roofs, and also defective equipment, monitoring and measuring instruments, supply product pipelines and stationary fire-prevention devices; (c) the presence of trees, shrubs and dry vegetation inside the bunds; (d) the installation of vessels (tanks) on a foundation made of combustible materials; (e) the overfilling of tanks and tank cars; (f) the taking of samples from tanks during the discharge or filling of oil and oil products; (g) the discharge and filling of oil and oil products during a thunderstorm.
298. At warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids: (a) the breather valves and flame arresters shall be checked in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturing enterprises; (b) during inspections of the breather fittings, the valves and meshes shall be cleared of ice; their thawing is carried out only by fire-safe methods; (c) the taking of samples and the measurement of the liquid level in the tank shall be carried out using devices made of materials that preclude spark formation; (d) liquids may be stored only in serviceable containers. Spilled liquid shall be removed immediately; (e) it shall be prohibited to decant oil products, flammable and combustible liquids, and also to store packaging material and containers, directly in the storage facilities and on the bunded sites.
299. When storing gas: (a) the windows of the premises where gas cylinders are stored are painted over with white paint or fitted with sun-protection devices made of non-combustible materials; (b) when cylinders are stored on open sites, the structures protecting the cylinders from precipitation and sunlight are made of non-combustible materials; (c) cylinders with combustible gas shall be stored separately from cylinders with oxygen, compressed air, chlorine, fluorine and other oxidisers, and also from cylinders with toxic gas; (d) group cylinder installations may be located against blank (having no openings) external walls of buildings. The cabinets and booths where cylinders are placed are made of non-combustible materials and have natural ventilation precluding the formation of explosive mixtures in them; (e) during the storage and transport of oxygen cylinders, the ingress of oils (fats) and contact of the cylinder fittings with oiled materials shall not be allowed. When re-rolling oxygen cylinders by hand, taking hold of the valves shall not be permitted; (f) gas analysers shall be installed in the premises to monitor the formation of explosive concentrations. In the absence of gas analysers, the head of the organisation shall establish the procedure for taking and monitoring samples of the gas-air environment; (g) cylinders shall, upon the detection of a gas leak from them, be removed from the warehouse premises to a safe place; (h) persons in footwear studded with metal nails or heel irons shall not be permitted into the warehouse where cylinders with combustible gas are placed; (i) cylinders with combustible gas having foot rings are stored in an upright position in special sockets, cages or other devices that preclude their falling. Cylinders without foot rings are stored in a horizontal position on frames or racks. The height of the stack in this case shall not exceed 1.5 metres, and the valves shall be closed with protective caps and face in one direction; (j) the storage of any other substances, materials and equipment in the premises of warehouses with combustible gas shall not be permitted; (k) the premises of warehouses with combustible gas are provided with natural ventilation.
300. When storing grain in bulk, the distance from the top of the pile to the combustible structures of the covering, and also to the lamps and electric wiring, is not less than 0.5 metres.
301. When storing grain, the following shall be prohibited: (a) storing other materials and equipment together with the grain; (b) using grain-cleaning and other machines with internal combustion engines inside the storage premises; (c) operating mobile machinery with the gates on 2 sides of the warehouse closed; (d) igniting driers operating on solid fuel with the aid of flammable and combustible liquids, and driers operating on liquid fuel with the aid of an open flame; (e) operating driers with defective temperature-control instruments, fuel-supply cut-off automatics activated when the flame in the firebox goes out, and electric-ignition system, or without them; (f) filling grain above the level of the conveyor belt and allowing friction of the belt against the structures of the conveyor.
302. The monitoring of the grain temperature while the drier is operating is carried out by taking samples not less than once every 2 hours. The cleaning of the loading and unloading mechanisms of the drier of dust and grain is carried out after every 24 hours of its operation.
303. The mobile drying unit is installed at a distance of not less than 10 metres from the grain-warehouse building. The design of the fireboxes of the driers shall preclude the escape of sparks. The chimneys are fitted with spark arresters, and at the points where they pass through structures made of combustible materials, fire-prevention separations are provided.
304. At warehouses for the storage of timber: (a) the places allocated for stacks shall be cleared down to the soil of the grass cover, combustible refuse and waste, or covered with a layer of sand, earth or gravel not less than 15 centimetres thick; (b) it shall be prohibited to carry out fire-hazardous work, and also work not associated with the storage of timber; (c) premises for warming the workers are arranged only in separate buildings and structures, while observing the fire-prevention distances to the timber warehouses. For the heating of these premises, only electric heating appliances of factory manufacture may be used; (d) winches with internal combustion engines are located at a distance of not less than 15 metres from the stacks for the storage of timber. The area around the winch shall be free of bark and other combustible waste and refuse. Fuel and lubricants for refuelling the engines may be stored in a quantity of not more than 1 barrel and at a distance of not less than 10 metres from the winch and 20 metres from the nearest stack; (e) during the stacking and dismantling of stacks of sawn timber, the transport packages are placed only along one side of the passageway, and the width of the remaining carriageway is not less than 4 metres. The total volume of sawn timber not placed in stacks shall not exceed their daily arrival at the warehouse; (f) it shall be prohibited to place transport packages in the zone of the fire-prevention distances, and also on the passageways and approaches to the fire-water sources; (g) the wrapping of the transport packages in waterproof paper (in the absence of this operation from the single technological process) is carried out on specially designated sites. Used waterproof paper, its scraps and trimmings shall be collected in containers; (h) in enclosed timber warehouses there shall be no built-in premises; (i) wood chips may be stored in enclosed warehouses, bunkers and on open sites with a base made of non-combustible material.
305. At warehouses for the storage of coal and peat, the following shall be prohibited: (a) placing freshly mined coal on old dumps of coal that has lain for more than 1 month; (b) accepting coal and peat with pronounced seats of spontaneous combustion; (c) transporting burning coal and peat on conveyor belts and loading them into wagons or bunkers; (d) positioning stacks of coal and peat over heat sources (steam pipelines, hot-water pipelines, heated-air ducts and others), and also over laid electric cables and oil-and-gas pipelines; (e) storing unloaded fuel in an unorganised manner for more than 2 days.
306. At warehouses for the storage of coal, peat and combustible shale: (a) coal of various grades, each type of peat (lump and milled) and combustible shale shall be stacked in separate stacks; (b) the ingress into the stacks, during the stacking of coal for storage, of wood, fabric, paper, hay, peat and other combustible waste shall be prevented; (c) a passage for fire engines shall be provided from the boundary of the base of the stacks to the enclosing fence or the foundation of the crane tracks; (d) it shall be prohibited to fill up the passages with solid fuel and to obstruct them with equipment; (e) systematic monitoring of the temperature in the coal and peat stacks shall be ensured by means of iron pipes and thermometers installed in the slopes or by another safe method; (f) where the temperature rises above 60 degrees Celsius, the stack shall be compacted at the places where the temperature rises, the heated coal and peat shall be removed, or other safe methods to reduce the temperature shall be applied; (g) the extinguishing or cooling of coal with water directly in the stacks shall be prohibited; (h) where lump peat ignites in the stacks, the seats of fire shall be flooded with water with the addition of a wetting agent or covered with wet peat mass, and that part of the stack shall be dismantled. Ignited milled peat shall be removed, and the excavation site shall be filled with wet peat and tamped; (i) it shall be prohibited to re-stack self-ignited coal, peat or combustible shale after cooling or extinguishing.
307. During the period from the day of the melting of the snow cover until the onset of stable rainy autumn weather, actions for the regular moistening of municipal solid waste shall be carried out on the territory of landfills (sites) for the placement, storage and neutralisation of municipal solid waste. The filling of landfills (sites) for the placement, storage and neutralisation of municipal solid waste shall be carried out by the layer-by-layer alternation of municipal solid waste and inert non-combustible materials.
308. The location of production, storage and auxiliary buildings and structures on the construction site shall comply with the construction master plan approved in accordance with the established procedure and developed as part of the construction organisation project.
309. On a construction site with an area of 5 hectares or more, at least 2 entrances are arranged on opposite sides of the construction site. The roads shall have a surface suitable for the passage of fire engines at any time of the year. The gates for entry to the construction site shall be at least 4 metres wide. At the entrances to the construction site, plans are installed (posted) showing the main and auxiliary buildings and structures under construction, the entrances, driveways, the location of water sources, and fire-extinguishing and communication means. By the start of the main construction works, the availability of external fire-fighting water supply from fire hydrants or from tanks (reservoirs) provided for by the construction organisation project shall be ensured.
310. Free access is provided to all buildings under construction and in operation (including temporary ones) and to places of open storage of building materials, structures and equipment. The construction of driveways and roads to the buildings under construction shall be completed by the start of the main construction works.
311. The storage in open areas of combustible building materials (timber and sawn timber, tar paper, roofing felt, etc.), of items and structures made of combustible materials, and of equipment and cargo in combustible packaging is carried out in stacks or in groups with an area of no more than 100 sq. metres. The distance between the stacks (groups) and from them to the protected facilities under construction or existing is no less than 24 metres.
312. In buildings under construction, temporary workshops and warehouses may be located (with the exception of warehouses for combustible substances and materials, equipment in combustible packaging, and production premises or equipment associated with the processing of combustible materials). Administrative and amenity premises may be placed in parts of buildings separated by blank type 1 fire partitions and type 3 floors. In doing so, the conditions for the safe evacuation of people from parts of the buildings and structures and the established operating regime shall not be violated. The placement of temporary warehouses (storerooms), workshops and administrative and amenity premises in buildings under construction that have load-bearing metal structures unprotected from fire and panels with combustible polymer insulation shall be prohibited. Temporary warehouse (storeroom), workshop and administrative and amenity premises in buildings under construction are provided with fire extinguishers according to the norms in accordance with paragraph 397 of these Rules and Appendix No. 1 to these Rules.
313. Quicklime shall be stored in enclosed detached warehouse premises. The floor of these premises shall be raised above ground level by no less than 0.2 metres. When storing quicklime, actions preventing the ingress of moisture and water shall be provided for. Lime slaking pits may be located at a distance of no less than 5 metres from the warehouse where it is stored and no less than 15 metres from other protected facilities.
314. During the period of construction of the protected facility, non-combustible steps may be covered with combustible materials for protection against damage.
315. External fire escapes and railings on the roofs of buildings under construction provided for in the design documentation are installed immediately after the installation of the load-bearing structures.
316. Scaffolding and formwork are made of materials that do not spread or sustain combustion. During the construction of a protected facility of 3 storeys or more, inventory metal scaffolding shall be used. Scaffolding shall be equipped with one ladder or stepladder for every 40 metres around the perimeter of the structures, but with no fewer than 2 ladders (stepladders) for the entire building. The flooring and staging of the scaffolding shall be periodically, and after the completion of work, cleared of construction debris, snow and ice, and, where necessary, sprinkled with sand. It shall be prohibited to cover (insulate) the scaffolding structures with combustible materials (plywood, plastic, fibreboard, tarpaulin, etc.). During work for the preservation of a cultural heritage site, the use of non-inventory non-metallic scaffolding treated with a fire-retardant composition of no lower than the second group of fire-retardant efficiency is permitted.
317. The head of the organisation ensures the availability, throughout the entire period of construction, of no fewer than 2 ladders of appropriate length made of non-combustible materials for the evacuation of people from high-rise structures under construction (tower cooling towers, dams, silo premises, etc.).
318. During hot work, the effect of open flame on combustible materials shall be prevented, unless this is provided for by the work performance technology. Upon completion of the work, observation of the place where the work is carried out shall be ensured for a period of no less than 2 hours, and the workplace shall be provided with a fire extinguisher. In this case, observation may be carried out remotely, including by using video surveillance means.
319. Work on the fire protection of metal structures is carried out simultaneously with the erection of the protected facility, unless otherwise provided for by the design documentation.
320. Where combustible materials are present at protected facilities, measures are taken to prevent the spread of fire through openings in walls and floors (sealing of the joints of internal and external walls and interstorey floors, sealing at the points where engineering utilities pass through, with the required fire-resistance limits ensured). Openings in buildings and structures, when they are temporarily insulated, are filled with non-combustible or low-combustibility materials.
321. Temporary structures (heated enclosures) for the laying of floors and the performance of other work are made of non-combustible or low-combustibility materials.
322. The laying of insulation made of combustible and low-combustibility material, the installation of a waterproofing membrane on the covering, the installation of a protective gravel layer, and the installation of enclosing structures using combustible insulation shall be carried out on sections with an area of no more than 500 sq. metres. At the places where the work is performed, the quantity of insulation and roll roofing materials shall not exceed the shift requirement. Combustible insulation shall be stored outside the building under construction, in a detached structure or on a site at a distance of no less than 18 metres from the buildings, structures and warehouses under construction and the temporary ones. It shall be prohibited, at the end of a work shift, to leave unused combustible insulation, unassembled panels with combustible insulation and roll roofing materials inside buildings or on their coverings, or within the zone of fire-prevention distances.
323. After the installation of thermal insulation on a section of the roof, its residues shall be removed and the fire-protection layers provided for by the design documentation shall be applied immediately.
324. In the event of damage to the metal facings of panels with combustible insulation, immediate measures are taken for their repair and restoration by means of mechanical connections.
325. When performing hot work and welding work associated with the installation of waterproofing and vapour insulation on the roof and the installation of panels with combustible and low-combustibility insulation, the work shall be carried out on sections with an area of no more than 500 sq. metres.
326. The use of open flame for the fusion bonding of rolled bitumen-containing materials is permitted during the installation of roofs and waterproofing. The refuelling of units on the roof shall be carried out in places provided with 2 fire extinguishers with a minimum model fire source rank of 2A, 55B. The storage on the roof of fuel for refuelling units and of empty fuel containers shall be prohibited.
327. The drying of clothing and footwear is carried out in special factory-made cabinets or in premises of the protected facility adapted for these purposes with central water heating or using water heaters. The installation of drying facilities in vestibules and other premises located at the exits from buildings shall be prohibited. In buildings made of metal structures with polymer insulation, during the period of construction work, only air or water heating systems may be used, with the furnace devices located outside the buildings at a distance of no less than 18 metres or beyond a fire wall.
328. The use of open flame, as well as the use of electric heaters and infrared gas burners, in premises for heating workers shall be prohibited.
329. Mobile units with infrared gas burners placed on the floor shall have a special stable stand. The gas cylinder shall be located at a distance of no less than 1.5 metres from the unit and other heating appliances, and no less than 1 metre from the electricity meter, knife switch, switches and other electrical appliances. The distance from the burners to a structure made of combustible materials shall be no less than 1 metre, to materials that do not spread flame no less than 0.7 metres, and to non-combustible materials no less than 0.4 metres.
330. During the operation of infrared burners, it shall be prohibited to: (a) use the unit in premises without natural airing or artificial ventilation with an appropriate air exchange rate, or in basement or ground floors; (b) use a burner with damaged ceramics or with visible tongues of flame; (c) use the unit if a smell of gas has appeared in the premises; (d) direct the heat rays of the burners directly towards combustible materials, gas cylinders, gas pipelines, electrical wiring, etc.; (e) when working in open areas (for heating workplaces and for drying moistened areas), only wind-resistant burners shall be used.
331. Air-heating units are placed at a distance of no less than 5 metres from the building or structure under construction. The fuel tank shall have a volume of no more than 200 litres and be located at a distance of no less than 10 metres from the air heater and no less than 15 metres from the building or structure under construction. Fuel shall be supplied to the air heater through a metal pipeline. The connections and fittings on the fuel lines are manufactured under factory conditions and installed so that fuel leakage is excluded. A shut-off valve is installed on the fuel line at the service tank to stop the supply of fuel to the unit in the event of a fire or accident.
332. During the installation and operation of units running on gaseous fuel, the following requirements are complied with: (a) the equipping of heat-producing units with standard burners having a factory data sheet; (b) the stable operation of the burners without flame separation or flame flashback into the burner within the limits of the necessary regulation of the unit's thermal load; (c) the provision of the premises containing heat-producing units with ventilation ensuring a threefold air exchange; (d) the operation of the interlock of the shut-off equipment on the supply gas pipeline in the event of flame failure on the unit is ensured.
333. During the operation of heat-producing units, it shall be prohibited to: (a) work with impaired tightness of the fuel lines, loose connections of the nozzle body with the heat-producing unit, faulty flues causing the penetration of combustion products into the premises, faulty electric motors and starting equipment, and also in the absence of thermal protection of the electric motor and other faults; (b) work with an unadjusted nozzle; (c) use rubber or polymer hoses and couplings to connect the fuel lines; (d) arrange enclosures made of combustible materials near the heat-producing unit and the service tanks; (e) thaw the fuel lines with open flame; (f) ignite the working mixture through the sight glass; (g) adjust the gap between the electrodes of the spark plugs while the heat-producing unit is operating; (h) allow the operation of the heat-producing unit in the absence of a protective grille on the air-intake manifolds.
334. The internal fire-fighting water supply and the automatic fire-extinguishing systems provided for by the design documentation shall be installed simultaneously with the erection of the protected facility. The fire-fighting water supply is put into operation before the start of finishing work, and the automatic fire-extinguishing and alarm systems by the time of completion of the commissioning of the engineering systems (in cable structures, before the laying of the cables).
335. Fire stations provided for in the construction project of the protected facility are erected in the 1st stage of construction. The use of a fire station building for purposes other than intended shall be prohibited.
336. Individual block containers used as administrative and amenity premises may be located in single-storey or two-storey groups of no more than 10 units per group and over an area of no more than 800 sq. metres. The residence of people on the construction site, in buildings under construction and in the specified premises shall not be permitted.
337. When carrying out painting work, it shall be required to: (a) prepare and dilute all types of varnishes and paints in isolated premises at an external wall with window openings or in open areas, supply painting materials centrally in ready-made form, place paint and varnish materials at the workplace in a quantity not exceeding the shift requirement, and tightly close and store the containers from paint and varnish materials in adapted areas; (b) equip electrical painting devices, when painting in an electrostatic field, with a protective interlock excluding the possibility of switching on the spraying devices when the local exhaust ventilation systems are not operating or the conveyor is stationary; (c) not exceed the shift requirement of combustible substances at the workplace, open containers with combustible substances only before use and, upon completion of the work, close them and hand them over to the warehouse, and store the containers from combustible substances outside the premises in specially designated places.
338. Premises and work zones in which combustible substances are used (the preparation of the compound and its application to items) that release fire- and explosion-hazardous vapours are provided with natural or forced supply-and-exhaust ventilation. The air exchange rate for the safe conduct of work in the specified premises is determined by the work performance project. It shall be prohibited to admit into premises in which combustible substances are used persons not involved in the direct performance of the work, and also to carry out work and for people to be present in adjacent premises.
339. Work in premises, tanks, process apparatus (equipment) and zones (territories) in which the formation of combustible vapour-air mixtures is possible shall be performed with intrinsically safe tools and in clothing and footwear incapable of causing a spark.
340. Combustible coatings shall be applied to the floor under natural lighting. The work shall be started from the places most distant from the exits from the premises, and in corridors and other sections of the evacuation routes, after the completion of the work in the premises.
341. Epoxy resins, adhesives and mastics, including paint and varnish materials based on synthetic resins, shall be applied, and tiled and rolled polymer materials shall be glued, after the completion of all construction and installation and sanitary-engineering work, before the final painting of the premises.
342. Tools and equipment used in the performance of work with combustible substances shall be washed in an open area or in a room having exhaust ventilation.
343. A boiler for preparing mastics, bitumen or other fire-hazardous mixtures is provided with a tightly closing lid made of non-combustible materials. Boilers may be filled to no more than three quarters of their capacity. The filler loaded into the boiler shall be dry. It shall be prohibited to install boilers for preparing mastics, bitumen or other fire-hazardous mixtures in attic premises and on the coverings of buildings and structures.
344. To prevent the mastic from pouring out into the firebox and igniting, the boiler shall be installed at an incline so that its edge located above the firebox is 5 to 6 centimetres higher than the opposite one. The firebox opening of the boiler is equipped with a folding visor made of non-combustible material. Upon completion of the work, the fireboxes of the boilers shall be extinguished and flooded with water.
345. The head of the organisation (performing authority) provides the bitumen-boiling site with a box of dry sand with a capacity of 0.5 cubic metres, 2 shovels and a fire extinguisher (powder or foam) of no lower than rank 2A.
346. When mobile boilers operate on liquefied gas, gas cylinders numbering no more than 2 are placed in ventilated cabinets made of non-combustible materials installed at a distance of no less than 20 metres from the operating boilers. The specified cabinets shall be kept locked at all times.
347. The site for boiling and heating mastics is embanked to a height of no less than 0.3 metres, or sides made of non-combustible materials are arranged.
348. It shall be prohibited to use open flame inside premises for heating bitumen compounds.
349. The delivery of hot bitumen mastic to the workplaces may be carried out: (a) in metal cans having the shape of a truncated cone facing wide side down, with tightly closing lids. The lids shall have locking devices excluding opening if the can is dropped; (b) by means of a pump through a steel pipeline attached at vertical sections to the building structure, without allowing leaks. At horizontal sections, the supply of mastic through a heat-resistant hose is permitted. At the point of connection of the hose with the steel pipe, a protective casing 40 to 50 centimetres long (made of tarpaulin or other non-combustible materials) is put on. After filling the tank of the mastic application unit, the mastic shall be pumped out of the pipeline.
350. It shall be prohibited to carry mastic in open containers.
351. It shall be prohibited, during the boiling and heating of bitumen compounds, to leave the boilers unattended.
352. The heating of bitumen mastic together with solvents shall be prohibited.
353. When mixing, the heated bitumen shall be poured into the solvent. Stirring may be carried out only with a wooden stirrer. It shall be prohibited to use open flame within a radius of 50 metres from the place where bitumen is mixed with solvents.
354. When carrying out hot work, it shall be required to: (a) before carrying out hot work, ventilate the premises in which vapours of flammable and combustible liquids, as well as combustible gases, may accumulate; (b) provide the place where the work is performed with no fewer than 2 fire extinguishers with a minimum model fire source rank of 2A, 55B and with a blanket for isolating the seat of ignition; (c) tightly close all doors connecting the premises in which hot work is carried out with other premises, including the doors of the airlock vestibules, and open the windows; (d) monitor the state of the vapour-gas-air environment in the process equipment on which hot work is carried out and in the hazardous zone; (e) stop the hot work in the event of an increase in the content of combustible substances or a decrease in the concentration of the phlegmatiser in the hazardous zone or the process equipment to the values of the maximum permissible explosion-safe concentrations of vapours (gases).
355. Process equipment on which hot work is to be carried out shall be steamed, washed, cleaned, freed of fire- and explosion-hazardous substances and disconnected from operating utilities (with the exception of the utilities used for preparation for carrying out hot work). When steaming the internal volume of the process equipment, the temperature of the supplied water vapour shall not exceed a value equal to 80 per cent of the self-ignition temperature of the combustible vapour (gas). Process equipment shall be washed when the concentration of vapours (gases) in it is outside their ignition limits and in an electrostatically safe mode. The methods of cleaning the premises, as well as the equipment and utilities in which hot work is carried out, shall not lead to the formation of explosive vapour-air and dust-air mixtures or to the appearance of ignition sources.
356. To prevent the ingress of hot metal particles into adjacent premises, neighbouring floors and other premises, all inspection, process and other hatches (small hatches), and ventilation, installation and other openings (holes) in the floors, walls and partitions of the premises where hot work is carried out are covered with non-combustible materials. The place where hot work is carried out is cleared of combustible substances and materials within the radius of clearing the territory of combustible materials whose use is not provided for by the work performance technology, in accordance with Appendix No. 5.
357. Building structures, floor decking, finishing and cladding, as well as insulation and parts of equipment made of combustible materials that are located within the radius of clearing of the territory, shall be protected from sparks landing on them by a metal screen, blankets for isolating the seat of ignition or other non-combustible materials and, where necessary, doused with water.
358. The place for carrying out welding and cutting work at protected facilities in whose structures combustible materials have been used is enclosed with a continuous partition made of non-combustible material. In doing so, the height of the partition shall be no less than 1.8 metres, and the gap between the partition and the floor no more than 5 centimetres. To prevent the scattering of hot particles, the specified gap shall be screened with a mesh made of non-combustible material with a cell size of no more than 1 x 1 millimetre.
359. It shall not be permitted to open the hatches and covers of process equipment, to unload, reload and drain products, to load them through open hatches, or to perform other operations that may lead to the occurrence of fires and explosions due to the gas contamination and dust contamination of the places in which hot work is carried out.
360. During breaks in work, as well as at the end of a work shift, the welding equipment shall be switched off (including from the mains), the hoses shall be disconnected and freed of combustible liquids and gases, and the pressure in the blowlamps shall be fully released. Upon completion of the work, all the apparatus and equipment shall be put away in specially designated premises (places).
361. The organisation of permanent places for carrying out hot work at more than 10 posts (welding and cutting workshops) shall be prohibited if centralised electricity and gas supply is not provided for. In a welding workshop with no more than 10 welding posts, each post may have 1 spare cylinder with oxygen and combustible gas. The spare cylinders are fenced off with shields made of non-combustible materials or stored in special extensions to the workshop.
362. During hot work, it shall be prohibited to: (a) commence work with faulty apparatus; (b) carry out hot work on structures and items freshly painted with combustible paints (varnishes); (c) use clothing and mittens with traces of oils, fats, petrol, kerosene and other combustible liquids; (d) store in welding booths clothing, flammable and combustible liquids, and other combustible materials; (e) allow persons who do not hold a qualification certificate to work independently; (f) allow contact of electrical wires with cylinders containing compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases; (g) carry out work on apparatus and utilities filled with combustible and toxic substances, as well as those under electrical voltage; (h) carry out work on the installation of waterproofing and vapour insulation on the roof, the installation of panels with combustible and low-combustibility insulation, the gluing of floor coverings and the finishing of premises using combustible varnishes, adhesives, mastics and other combustible materials, except in cases where hot work is provided for by the technology of application of the material.
363. Upon completion of hot work, observation of the place where the work is carried out shall be ensured for a period of no less than 2 hours. In this case, observation may be carried out remotely, including by using video surveillance means.
364. When carrying out gas welding work: (a) portable acetylene generators shall be installed in open areas. Acetylene generators shall be fenced off and placed no closer than 10 metres from the places where work is carried out, as well as from the places where air is taken in by compressors and fans; (b) when an acetylene generator is installed in premises (enclosed places), the posters "Entry to unauthorised persons is prohibited - fire hazard", "No smoking" and "Do not pass with fire" are posted; (c) upon completion of the work, the calcium carbide in the portable generator shall be used up. The lime sludge removed from the generator is unloaded into containers adapted for these purposes and drained into a sludge pit or a special bunker; (d) open sludge pits are fenced off with railings, and closed ones have non-combustible coverings and are equipped with exhaust ventilation and hatches for the removal of sludge; (e) the gas-supply hoses on the connecting nipples of the apparatus, burners, cutters and reducers shall be securely fastened. On the nipples of the water seals, the hoses are put on tightly but not fastened; (f) calcium carbide is stored in dry ventilated premises. It shall be prohibited to place calcium carbide warehouses in basement premises and low flood-prone places; (g) in the premises of acetylene installations that do not have an intermediate calcium carbide warehouse, no more than 200 kilograms of calcium carbide may be stored at one time, and of this quantity no more than 50 kilograms may be in open form; (h) opened drums with calcium carbide shall be protected with waterproof lids; (i) smoking, the use of open flame and the use of spark-generating tools shall be prohibited in the places of storage and opening of drums with calcium carbide; (j) the storage and transport of gas cylinders is carried out only with safety caps screwed onto their necks. The cylinders are delivered to the place of welding work on special trolleys, stretchers and sledges. During the transport of the cylinders, jolts and impacts shall not be permitted; (k) the storage in one room of oxygen cylinders and cylinders with combustible gases, as well as of calcium carbide, paints, oils and fats, shall be prohibited; (l) when handling empty cylinders from oxygen or combustible gases, the same safety measures are observed as with filled cylinders; (m) smoking and the use of open flame shall be prohibited within a radius of 10 metres from the places of storage of lime sludge, near which the corresponding prohibitory signs are posted.
365. When carrying out gas welding or gas cutting work with calcium carbide, it shall be prohibited to: (a) use one water seal for 2 welders; (b) load calcium carbide of excessive granulation or push it into the funnel of the apparatus with iron rods and wire, or work on carbide dust; (c) load calcium carbide into wet loading baskets or when there is water in the gas collector, or load the baskets with carbide to more than half their volume when the "water on carbide" generators are operating; (d) purge the hose for combustible gases with oxygen and the oxygen hose with combustible gas, or interchange the hoses during work; (e) twist, kink or pinch the gas-supply hoses; (f) carry the generator when there is acetylene in the gas collector; (g) force the operation of acetylene generators by deliberately increasing the gas pressure in them or increasing the one-time load of calcium carbide; (h) use copper tools for opening drums with calcium carbide, as well as copper as solder for soldering acetylene apparatus and in other places where contact with acetylene is possible.
366. During electric welding work: (a) it shall be prohibited to use wires without insulation or with damaged insulation, and also to use non-standard automatic circuit breakers; (b) welding wires shall be connected by means of crimping, welding, soldering or special clamps. The connection of electrical wires to the electrode holder, the workpiece being welded and the welding machine is carried out by means of copper cable lugs fastened with bolts and washers; (c) wires connected to welding machines, distribution boards and other equipment, as well as to welding work sites, shall be reliably insulated and, where necessary, protected against the effects of high temperature, mechanical damage or chemical action; (d) cables (wires) of electric welding machines shall be positioned at a distance of not less than 0.5 metres from pipelines carrying oxygen, and not less than 1 metre from pipelines and cylinders containing acetylene and other combustible gases; (e) steel or aluminium busbars of any profile, welding plates, racks and the welded structure itself may be used as a return conductor connecting the workpiece being welded to the current source, provided that their cross-section ensures a flow of current that is safe under the heating conditions. The connection of the individual elements used as a return conductor to one another shall be made by means of bolts, screw clamps or clamps; (f) the use, as a return conductor, of internal railway tracks, the earthing or neutral-bonding network, and metal structures of buildings, utility lines and process equipment shall be prohibited. In such cases, welding is carried out using 2 wires; (g) in fire-and-explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous premises, the return conductor from the workpiece being welded to the current source is made only of insulated wire, and in terms of insulation quality it shall not be inferior to the direct conductor connected to the electrode holder; (h) the design of the electrode holder for manual welding shall ensure reliable gripping and rapid changing of electrodes, and shall preclude the possibility of a short circuit between its body and the workpiece during temporary breaks in work or if it accidentally falls onto metal objects. The handle of the electrode holder is made of non-combustible dielectric and heat-insulating material; (i) electrodes manufactured under factory conditions and corresponding to the nominal value of the welding current shall be used. When changing electrodes, their remnants (stubs) shall be placed in a metal box installed at the welding work site; (j) the electric welding installation shall be earthed for the duration of the work. In addition to earthing the main electric welding equipment, in welding installations the terminal of the secondary winding of the welding transformer to which the conductor running to the workpiece (the return conductor) is connected shall be directly earthed; (k) cleaning of the unit and the starting apparatus shall be carried out daily after the completion of work. Maintenance and scheduled preventive repair of welding equipment is carried out in accordance with a schedule; (l) the arc supply in installations for atomic-hydrogen welding is provided from a separate transformer. Direct supply of the arc from the distribution network through a current regulator of any type shall be prohibited; (m) during atomic-hydrogen welding, the torch shall provide for automatic disconnection of the voltage and cessation of the hydrogen supply in the event of a circuit break. Leaving switched-on torches unattended shall be prohibited.
367. During hot work involving the cutting of metal: (a) measures shall be taken to prevent the spillage of highly flammable and combustible liquids; (b) a supply of fuel may be stored at the site of petrol and kerosene cutting work in a quantity not exceeding the requirement for one shift. The fuel shall be stored in serviceable, unbreakable and tightly closing containers at a distance of not less than 10 metres from the site where hot work is performed; (c) before the start of work, the serviceability of the fittings of the petrol and kerosene cutter, the tightness of the hose connections at the nipples, and the serviceability of the threads in the union nuts and heads shall be checked; (d) fuel for petrol and kerosene cutting work shall be used in accordance with the available instruction; (e) the fuel tank shall be positioned at a distance of not less than 5 metres from oxygen cylinders and from any source of open flame, and not less than 3 metres from the workplace, and flame and sparks shall not reach the tank during work; (f) it shall be prohibited to operate tanks that have not undergone hydraulic testing or that have a leak of the combustible mixture, or a faulty pump or pressure gauge; (g) it shall be prohibited to heat the cutter's evaporator by igniting highly flammable or combustible liquid poured out at the workplace.
368. During petrol and kerosene cutting work, it shall be prohibited: (a) to allow the air pressure in the fuel tank to exceed the working pressure of the oxygen in the cutter; (b) to overheat the cutter's evaporator, or to hang the cutter vertically with the head upwards during work; (c) to pinch, twist or kink the hoses supplying oxygen or fuel to the cutter; (d) to use oxygen hoses to deliver petrol or kerosene to the cutter.
369. During work involving the use of a blowtorch, the workplace shall be cleared of combustible materials, and structures made of combustible materials located at a distance of less than 5 metres shall be protected by screens made of non-combustible materials or doused with water (an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, etc.). Blowtorches shall be kept in serviceable condition and their parameters shall be checked in accordance with the technical documentation, but not less than once a month. To prevent the ejection of flame from the blowtorch, the fuel charged into the lamp shall not contain foreign impurities or water.
370. To prevent an explosion of the blowtorch, it shall be prohibited: (a) to use, as fuel for lamps operating on kerosene, petrol or mixtures of petrol with kerosene; (b) to increase the pressure in the lamp reservoir, when pumping air, above the permissible working pressure specified in the data sheet; (c) to fill the lamp with fuel to more than three quarters of the volume of its reservoir; (d) to unscrew the air screw and the filler plug while the lamp is burning or has not yet cooled down; (e) to repair the lamp, or to pour fuel out of it or charge it with fuel near an open flame.
371. Work involving the use of highly flammable and combustible liquids that is carried out indoors shall be performed in fume cupboards or under exhaust hoods with the local exhaust ventilation switched on. It shall be prohibited to carry out work involving the use of highly flammable and combustible liquids when the ventilation systems are switched off or faulty. Highly flammable liquids with a boiling point below 50 degrees Celsius shall be stored in a refrigerator in a container made of dark glass marked with information about its contents. Leaving containers of highly flammable and combustible liquids at workplaces after they have been decanted into the working container shall not be permitted. At the workplace, highly flammable and combustible liquids shall be present in the quantities necessary to perform the work. Containers that have held highly flammable and combustible liquids shall be tightly closed and stored in a specially designated place outside the working premises. On completion of the work, unused and spent highly flammable and combustible liquids shall be removed to premises intended for their storage.
372. For hot work (fire heating of bitumen, gas and electric welding work, gas and electric cutting work, petrol and kerosene cutting work, work with a blowtorch, cutting of metal with mechanised tools producing sparks) at temporary locations (other than construction sites and private residences), a permit to work for the performance of hot work is drawn up by the head of the organisation or the person responsible for fire safety. The permit to work is issued to the person in charge of the work and is approved by the head of the organisation or another official authorised by the head of the organisation. The permit to work shall contain information on the surname, first name and patronymic (if any) of the person in charge of the work, the location and nature of the work being carried out, safety requirements during the preparation, performance and completion of the work, the composition of the performers indicating the surname, first name, patronymic (if any) and occupation, information on the fire safety briefing given to each performer, and the planned start and finish times of the work. Information on the readiness of the workplace for the work (date, signature of the person responsible for preparing the workplace), a note by the responsible person on the possibility of carrying out the work, information on the daily admission to the work, and information on the completion of the work in full indicating the date and time are entered in the permit to work. The drawing up and registration of a permit to work for hot work in electronic form may be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Electronic Signature".
373. The head of the organisation ensures, within the periods established by the technical documentation, the cleaning and pre-repair preparation of the process equipment at the filling station in which fuel or its vapours were handled (tanks, vessels, pipelines, etc.).
374. Process equipment intended for the use of fire-hazardous and fire-and-explosion-hazardous substances and materials shall comply with the technical and operational documentation for the process system used and with the design documentation.
375. The degree of filling of tanks with fuel shall not exceed 95 per cent of their internal geometric volume.
376. Repair and routine maintenance work inside tanks may be carried out only provided that the concentration of fuel vapours does not exceed 20 per cent of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation and with continuous monitoring of the gaseous environment.
377. On completion of desludging, the sludge shall be immediately removed from the territory of filling stations.
378. Closing off the deaeration pipeline of a tank to recirculate fuel vapours during loading and unloading operations shall be prohibited.
379. The filling of tanks with fuel shall be carried out only by a closed method.
380. The escape of fuel vapours into the surrounding space shall be precluded, other than through the deaeration pipelines of tanks (chambers) or through the breather valve of the fuel road tanker.
381. Simultaneous filling of a fuel storage tank from a road tanker and the fuelling of vehicles with fuel from the filling station's tanks is permitted only for a road tanker equipped with a bottom valve. At other filling stations, when fuel storage tanks are being filled, the presence of persons who are not members of the staff (except for the driver of the road tanker) while the road tanker is on the territory shall not be permitted.
382. The process of filling a tank with fuel from a road tanker shall be monitored by the filling station's workers (remotely for automatic filling stations) and by the road tanker driver.
383. Operations to fill the filling station's tanks with fuel from a road tanker not equipped with a bottom valve are carried out in the following sequence: (a) placing, near the filling area for the fuel road tanker, and bringing into readiness 2 mobile fire extinguishers of the required capacity; (b) closing off the channel for the drainage of atmospheric precipitation contaminated with petroleum products from the filling area for the fuel road tanker, and opening the pipeline for the drainage of fuel spills into the emergency tank provided for by the design documentation; (c) placing the fuel road tanker on the area designated for it, earthing the road tanker and then filling the filling station's tanks. Where the filling station's earthing system has an inventory conductor, the earthing conductor is first connected to the body of the tanker and then to the earthing device. Connecting earthing conductors to painted and contaminated metal parts of the road tanker shall not be permitted.
384. When fuelling vehicles, the following requirements are observed: (a) motorcycle vehicles are brought up to the fuel dispensers with their engines switched off, the starting and stopping of which is carried out at a distance of not less than 15 metres from the fuel dispensers, while cars, buses and automotive-tractor vehicles are brought up under their own power; (b) spilled petroleum products are covered with sand or removed with adsorbents specially provided for this purpose, and the saturated sand, adsorbents and oily wiping materials are collected in metal boxes with tightly closing lids of intrinsically safe design and, at the end of the working day, are taken off the territory of the filling station; (c) the distance between a vehicle being fuelled and the vehicle following it shall be not less than 1 metre, and for each vehicle the possibility of manoeuvring and leaving the territory of the filling station is provided, for which purpose distinctive markings are applied to the road surface or other visual indicators (road signs, traffic layouts) are provided.
385. At a filling station, it shall be prohibited: (a) to fuel vehicles with their engines running; (b) the passage of vehicles over underground tanks, unless this is provided for by the technical and operational documentation; (c) to fill tanks with fuel and to fuel vehicles during a thunderstorm and in the event of atmospheric discharges; (d) to work in clothing and footwear contaminated with fuel, or to use containers (vessels, canisters, etc.) for fuelling during the filling of which a spark may occur; (e) to fuel vehicles in which passengers are present (except for cars); (f) to fuel vehicles carrying dangerous goods (explosive substances, compressed and liquefied combustible gases, highly flammable liquids and materials, poisonous and radioactive substances, etc.), except at fuelling points specially provided for this purpose; (g) the entry of tractors not equipped with spark arresters, except where an exhaust-gas neutralisation system is used, onto the territory of the filling station during the performance of operations for the receipt, storage or dispensing of petrol.
386. The process systems of mobile filling stations shall be installed on sites located and equipped in accordance with the fire safety requirements applicable to stationary filling stations. The use, as a mobile filling station, of fuel bowsers and other equipment not intended for these purposes shall be prohibited.
387. It shall be prohibited to use on the territory of a filling station devices employing an open flame, and heat-generating units, apparatus and devices employing combustible heat-transfer media and (or) with a temperature on their external surface capable of exceeding (including in the event of a malfunction of the heat-generating apparatus) 90 degrees Celsius.
388. For a filling station at which the design documentation permits the use of road tankers not equipped with a bottom valve, not less than 2 mobile fire extinguishers of the required capacity shall be provided.
389. Filling stations are equipped with primary fire-extinguishing means. A fuelling island for fuelling only cars, having from 1 to 4 fuel dispensers, is equipped with not less than 2 fire extinguishers with a minimum model-fire extinguishing rating of 3A, 144B, C, E (taking into account the climatic conditions of operation), and a fuelling island having from 5 to 8 fuel dispensers is equipped with not less than 4 fire extinguishers with a minimum model-fire extinguishing rating of 3A, 144B, C, E (taking into account the climatic conditions of operation) and one blanket for isolating the seat of ignition measuring not less than 2 x 1.5 metres. The placement of fire extinguishers shall be provided for on the fuelling islands. The area for the road tanker, and the fuelling island for fuelling, including of lorries, buses and large-sized construction and agricultural machinery, is additionally equipped with not less than 2 mobile fire extinguishers with a minimum model-fire extinguishing rating of 6A, 233B, C, E (taking into account the climatic conditions of operation). The placement of fire extinguishers and blankets for isolating the seat of ignition shall be provided for on the fuelling islands in easily accessible places protected from atmospheric precipitation.
390. In the event of fire-hazardous situations at a filling station, the power supply to the process system (except for the power supply to the emergency-protection and fire-protection systems) shall be switched off, the operation of the protected facility shall be suspended, its territory shall be cleared of visitors and vehicles, and containment and elimination of the fire-hazardous situation shall be commenced. In the event of a fire at a filling station, a fire brigade unit shall be summoned immediately, the facility's fire-protection systems shall be activated, and extinguishing of the fire with the available primary fire-extinguishing means shall be commenced. At automatic (unattended) filling stations, these actions are carried out automatically or remotely in accordance with the design documentation.
391. In the event of a leak of petrol on a fuelling island or on the area for a road tanker, the starting of vehicle engines shall not be permitted.
392. The instruction on fire safety measures is developed on the basis of these Rules and the regulatory legal acts on fire safety, proceeding from the specific fire hazard of the buildings, structures, premises, process operations, and process and production equipment.
393. The instruction on fire safety measures shall address the following matters: (a) the procedure for maintaining the territory, buildings, structures and premises, escape routes and exits, including emergency ones, and the access routes for fire brigade units to the protected facilities (to floors, roofs (coverings), etc.); (b) the activities to ensure the fire safety of process operations during the operation of equipment and the performance of fire-hazardous work; (c) the procedure and norms for the storage and transportation of fire-and-explosion-hazardous substances and materials; (d) the procedure for inspecting and closing premises on completion of work; (e) the location of places for smoking, using open fire, the passage of transport, and carrying out hot work or other fire-hazardous work; (f) the procedure for the collection, storage and removal of combustible substances and materials, and the upkeep and storage of protective clothing; (g) the permissible quantity of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products located in the premises at any one time; (h) the procedure and frequency for the removal of combustible waste and dust, and the storage of oily protective clothing and rags; (i) the limiting readings of monitoring and measuring instruments (pressure gauges, thermometers, etc.), deviations from which may cause a fire or explosion; (j) the duties and actions of workers in the event of a fire, including when summoning the fire brigade, opening and locking in the open position revolving doors and turnstiles and other devices impeding the free evacuation of people, the emergency shutdown of process equipment, switching off ventilation and electrical equipment (including in the event of a fire and at the end of the working day), the use of fire-extinguishing means and fire automatics, the evacuation of combustible substances and material assets, and the inspection and bringing into a fire-and-explosion-safe condition of all the premises of the enterprise (subdivision); (k) the permissible (limiting) number of people who may be present simultaneously at the protected facility; (l) the list of officials who are the duty personnel at the protected facility (where such personnel exist).
394. The instruction on fire safety measures specifies the persons responsible for ensuring fire safety, including for: (a) reporting the occurrence of a fire to the fire brigade and notifying (informing) the management and the duty and emergency services of the protected facility; (b) organising the rescue of people using the available forces and technical means for this; (c) checking the activation of the automatic fire-protection systems (systems for warning people of a fire, fire extinguishing, and smoke protection); (d) switching off, where necessary, the electric power (except for the fire-protection systems), stopping the operation of conveying devices, units and devices employing an open flame, and heat-generating units, apparatus and devices employing combustible heat-transfer media and (or) with a temperature on their external surface capable of exceeding (including in the event of a malfunction of the heat-generating apparatus) 90 degrees Celsius; (e) shutting off the raw-material, gas, steam and water lines, stopping the operation of ventilation systems in the emergency premises and those adjacent to it, and carrying out other activities conducive to preventing the development of a fire and the filling of the premises of the building or structure with smoke; (f) stopping all work in the building or structure (where this is permissible according to the production process), except for work connected with the activities for eliminating the fire; (g) removing beyond the boundaries of the hazardous zone all workers not involved in extinguishing the fire; (h) exercising overall management of the fire extinguishing (taking into account the specific features of the protected facility) until the arrival of the fire brigade unit; (i) ensuring compliance with the safety requirements by the workers taking part in extinguishing the fire; (j) organising, simultaneously with extinguishing the fire, the evacuation and protection of material assets; (k) meeting the fire brigade units and providing assistance in choosing the shortest route for approaching the seat of the fire; (l) reporting to the fire brigade units engaged for extinguishing fires and carrying out the associated priority emergency-rescue work the information necessary to ensure the safety of the personnel, concerning the hazardous (explosion-hazardous), explosive and potent poisonous substances processed or stored at the protected facility; (m) upon the arrival of the fire brigade unit, informing the fire-extinguishing manager of the structural and technological features of the protected facility and the adjacent buildings and structures, of the quantity and fire-hazardous properties of the substances, materials and articles stored and used at the protected facility, and reporting other information necessary for the successful elimination of the fire; (n) organising the engagement of the forces and means of the protected facility in carrying out the activities connected with eliminating the fire and preventing its development.
395. When determining the types and quantity of primary fire-extinguishing means, the physico-chemical and fire-hazardous properties of combustible substances, their interaction with extinguishing agents, and the area of premises, open areas and installations shall be taken into account.
396. The equipping of process equipment with fire extinguishers is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical specifications (data sheets) for that equipment.
397. The selection of the type and the calculation of the required number of fire extinguishers at a protected facility (in a room) is carried out in accordance with the provisions of these Rules and Appendices No. 1 and 2 to these Rules, depending on the extinguishing capacity of the fire extinguisher, the categories of the premises according to fire and explosion-fire hazard, and the class of fire. For extinguishing fires of various classes, powder fire extinguishers shall have the appropriate charges: for class A fires - ABCE powder; for class B, C, E fires - BCE or ABCE powder; for class D fires - D powder. The choice of fire extinguisher (mobile or portable) is determined by the size of the possible seats of fire. Fire extinguishers of a higher rating than provided for by Appendices No. 1 and 2 to these Rules may be used.
398. When selecting a fire extinguisher with the appropriate temperature limit of use, the climatic conditions of operation of buildings, structures and premises are taken into account.
399. If combined seats of fire are possible, then, when selecting a fire extinguisher, preference is given to the one that is more universal in its area of application.
400. In public buildings and structures, not less than 2 fire extinguishers with the minimum model-fire extinguishing rating in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to these Rules are placed on each floor, and the distance to a fire extinguisher from a possible seat of ignition shall not exceed the norms established by paragraph 406 of these Rules.
401. A room of category D according to explosion-fire and fire hazard is not equipped with fire extinguishers if the area of that room does not exceed 100 sq. metres.
402. Where there are several adjacent rooms of the same functional purpose, the determination of the required number of fire extinguishers is carried out on the basis of the total area of these rooms and taking into account the provisions of these Rules.
403. Each fire extinguisher sent from a protected facility for recharging is replaced by a charged fire extinguisher corresponding to the minimum model-fire extinguishing rating of the fire extinguisher sent for recharging.
404. When protecting premises with fire extinguishers, the specific nature of the interaction of the extinguishing agents with the equipment, articles and materials being protected shall be taken into account.
405. Premises equipped with automatic fire-extinguishing installations are provided with fire extinguishers amounting to 50 per cent of the calculated number of fire extinguishers, and the distance to a fire extinguisher from a possible seat of ignition shall not exceed the norms established by paragraph 406 of these Rules.
406. The distance from a possible seat of fire to the location of a portable fire extinguisher (taking into account partitions, doorways, possible obstructions and equipment) shall not exceed 20 metres for premises of administrative and public purpose, 30 metres for premises of categories A, B and V1 - V4 according to fire and explosion-fire hazard, 40 metres for premises of category G according to fire and explosion-fire hazard, and 70 metres for premises of category D according to fire and explosion-fire hazard. Production and storage premises with an area of more than 500 sq. metres are additionally equipped with mobile fire extinguishers according to the norms provided for by Appendix No. 2 to these Rules. The equipping with mobile fire extinguishers of premises of category D according to explosion-fire and fire hazard is not required.
407. Each fire extinguisher installed at a protected facility shall have a serial number applied to the body of the fire extinguisher and the date of charging (recharging), and the triggering or shut-off-and-triggering device shall be sealed.
408. In winter, fire extinguishers with a water-based charge shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
409. Fire extinguishers placed in corridors and passageways shall not impede the safe evacuation of people. Fire extinguishers shall be positioned in visible places near the exits from premises at a height of not more than 1.5 metres to the top of the body of the fire extinguisher, or in special stands preventing them from falling or overturning.
410. Production and (or) storage buildings of enterprises (organisations) not equipped with an internal fire-fighting water supply or automatic fire-extinguishing installations (with the exception of buildings that are not required to be equipped with fire-extinguishing installations and an internal fire-fighting water supply), the premises and sites of enterprises (organisations) for the primary processing of agricultural crops, premises of various purposes in which hot work is carried out, and the territories of enterprises (organisations) that do not have sources of external fire-fighting water supply, or the external process installations of enterprises (organisations) situated at a distance of more than 100 metres from sources of external fire-fighting water supply, shall be equipped with fire boards. The type of fire boards is determined depending on the category of the premises, buildings (structures) and external process installations according to explosion-fire and fire hazard. The norms for equipping buildings, structures, constructions and territories with fire boards are given in accordance with Appendix No. 6. Fire boards are equipped with non-mechanised fire tools and inventory. The norms for equipping fire boards with non-mechanised tools and inventory are given in accordance with Appendix No. 7.
411. Repealed as of 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022.
412. Blankets for isolating the seats of class A and E fires shall be not less than 1 metre wide and 1 metre long. Blankets for isolating the seat of a class B fire shall be not less than 2 by 1.5 metres. Blankets for isolating the seat of ignition are stored in waterproof closing cases (covers, packaging) that allow these means to be applied quickly in the event of a fire. Sub-paragraph repealed as of 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022.
413. The use of primary fire-extinguishing means, non-mechanised fire tools and inventory for household and other needs not connected with extinguishing a fire shall be prohibited.
414. The passport of a settlement and the passport of a territory are drawn up by the start of the fire-hazard season for each settlement subject to the threat of forest fires and other landscape (natural) fires, and for the territory of a children's recreation and health-improvement organisation and the territory of a horticultural or vegetable-gardening association subject to the threat of forest fires, in the forms in accordance with Appendices No. 8 and 9. The passport of a settlement and the passport of a territory shall contain reliable information corresponding to the actual situation of fire safety provision in the relevant territory.
415. The territory of a children's recreation and health-improvement organisation and the territory of horticulture or market gardening are considered exposed to the threat of forest fires where they directly adjoin a coniferous (mixed) forest plot or where a coniferous (mixed) forest is present on their lands (territory). A populated locality is considered exposed to the threat of forest fires and other landscape (natural) fires: where it adjoins a coniferous (mixed) forest plot or where a coniferous (mixed) forest is present on its lands (territory); where it adjoins a land plot overgrown with reed and (or) cane thickets, weeds and (or) tree-and-shrub vegetation (except for field- and forest-protection plantings, land-reclamation protective forest plantings, and fruit and berry plantings).
416. A populated locality, the territory of a children's recreation and health-improvement organisation, and the territory of horticulture or market gardening are deemed to adjoin a forest plot if the distance to the outermost trees of the relevant forest plot is: (a) less than 100 metres from the boundary of a populated locality, the territory of a children's recreation and health-improvement organisation, and the territory of horticulture or market gardening where protected facilities with more than 2 storeys are present; (b) less than 50 metres from the boundary of a populated locality, a children's recreation and health-improvement organisation, and the territory of horticulture or market gardening where protected facilities with 2 or fewer storeys are present. A populated locality is deemed to adjoin a land plot overgrown with reed and (or) cane thickets, weeds and (or) tree-and-shrub vegetation (except for field- and forest-protection plantings, land-reclamation protective forest plantings, and fruit and berry plantings) if the distance from the boundary of the populated locality to the boundary of that land plot is less than 50 metres.
417. The list of populated localities exposed to the threat of forest fires and other landscape (natural) fires, the list of territories of children's recreation and health-improvement organisations and territories of horticulture or market gardening exposed to the threat of forest fires, and the start of the fire-hazardous season are established annually by a regulatory legal act of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
418. The populated-locality passport and the territory passport are drawn up in 3 copies within 15 days from the date of adoption of the regulatory legal act of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation approving the list of populated localities exposed to the threat of forest fires and other landscape (natural) fires and the list of territories exposed to the threat of forest fires. The local self-government body (the state authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation), the head of a children's recreation and health-improvement organisation, and the chairperson of a horticultural or market-gardening non-profit association who have approved the populated-locality passport and the territory passport, within 3 days from the date of approval of the populated-locality passport and the territory passport, submit one copy each of the populated-locality passport and the territory passport to the commission for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations and for ensuring fire safety of the municipality (constituent entity of the Russian Federation) and to the structural subdivision of the territorial body of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, whose remit includes matters of organising and carrying out federal state fire supervision. One copy of the populated-locality passport and the territory passport shall be kept in permanent storage at the local self-government body (the state authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation) and with the head of a children's recreation and health-improvement organisation and the chairperson of a horticultural or market-gardening non-profit association who have approved the populated-locality passport and the territory passport.
419. In the part of a building (premises) intended for accommodating clergy during a religious service, at least 1 fire extinguisher for extinguishing class A, B and E fires with a test-fire extinguishing rating of no lower than 2A shall be provided.
420. Telephone communication shall be provided in security premises and premises where personnel are permanently on duty.
421. The storage of combustible liquids in the premises of prayer halls shall not be permitted, except for combustible liquids intended for the performance of rites. Combustible liquids shall be stored in specially equipped places. The stock of combustible liquids in a prayer hall shall be in a quantity not exceeding the daily requirement, but no more than: 20 litres - for premises with a finish of non-combustible materials; 5 litres - for other premises. Combustible liquids in prayer halls shall not be stored in glass containers. The pouring of combustible liquids into icon lamps and lighting fixtures shall be carried out from an unbreakable container. The placement of electric heating appliances at a distance of less than 1 metre from the places where combustible liquids are poured shall not be permitted.
422. Carrying out fire-hazardous work in a building (premises) in the presence of parishioners shall be prohibited.
423. Escape routes for people, evacuation exits and emergency exits shall be checked daily and, where necessary, brought into conformity with the requirements of these Rules.
424. When holding festive religious services with a mass presence of people, additional organisational fire-prevention actions shall be provided for.
425. Candlesticks, lamps and other devices with an open flame shall be installed on non-combustible bases in a stable position that prevents them from tipping over. Lit censers may, during a religious service, be placed only on a non-combustible base in a specially designated place finished with non-combustible materials. The distance from the place where a lit censer is installed to the finishing and interior items of the premises, clothing and other items made of combustible materials shall be no less than 0.5 metres.
426. Providing clothes racks for parishioners' clothing and places for storing clothing in the immediate vicinity (less than 1.5 metres) of an open flame, stoves and stove exhausts shall not be permitted.
427. The fastening to the floor of carpets and carpet runners used only during religious services may be dispensed with.
428. Combustible materials temporarily placed in a prayer hall (fir trees, dry grass) shall be located at a distance of more than 1.5 metres from a source of open flame. Fresh grass may be placed across the area of the prayer hall for no more than 1 day, with subsequent replacement.
429. The requirements of this Section apply to children's recreation and health-improvement organisations where children are accommodated in tents and other non-capital structures intended for children's habitation (hereinafter, respectively - tent-type children's camps and tents).
430. The territory of a tent-type children's camp shall be cleared of dry grassy vegetation, crop residues, deadwood, felling residues, litter and other combustible materials, and shall be lit at night.
431. When placed on the territory of a tent-type children's camp, tents shall be installed in groups (the total number of persons residing in a group of tents shall not exceed 45 persons). The distance between groups of tents, and from them to buildings and structures, shall be no less than 15 metres.
432. In tents, the use of an open flame, the storage of flammable and combustible liquids, and of pyrotechnic products shall be prohibited.
433. The places for the use of an open flame on the territory of a tent-type children's camp, and the places for storing flammable and combustible liquids, shall be determined by the instructions on fire safety measures approved by the head of the tent-type children's camp.
434. In tents, the laying of electrical networks, including along the outer surface of a tent and above tents, shall be prohibited.
435. Tents in which more than 10 children are accommodated are equipped with autonomous smoke fire detectors.
436. Each group of tents shall be provided with primary fire-extinguishing means at the rate of no fewer than 4 fire extinguishers with a test-fire extinguishing rating of no lower than 2A. The primary fire-extinguishing means are placed on opposite sides of the group of tents.
437. Grouping more than 2 beds shall not be permitted. The distance between beds (groups of beds) shall be no less than 0.7 metres.
438. A tent-type children's camp is equipped with devices (loudspeakers or sound-amplifying equipment) that provide the delivery of a sound (voice) signal to notify people of a fire.
439. On the territory of a tent-type children's camp, an information board is installed on which information about the need to comply with these Rules is placed.
440. The person responsible for the fire safety of a tent-type children's camp organises the provision of fire-safety briefing for children on the first day of their stay.
441. When preparing and conducting fireworks displays in places of mass presence of people using class II-III hazard pyrotechnic articles: (a) additional engineering and technical actions shall be implemented, which, once implemented, make it possible to conduct a fireworks display taking into account the requirements of the instructions for the pyrotechnic articles used. They shall include a site map showing the points where fireworks articles are placed, and shall provide for safe distances to buildings and structures indicating the boundaries of the safe zone, as well as the places for storing and for disposing of pyrotechnic products; (b) spectators shall be located on the windward side. The safe distance from the fireworks display sites to buildings and spectators is determined taking into account the requirements of the instructions for the pyrotechnic articles used; (c) at the sites from which pyrotechnic articles are launched, smoking and lighting fires, as well as leaving pyrotechnic articles unattended, shall be prohibited; (d) safety during the arrangement of fireworks displays is placed on the organisation and (or) the natural persons conducting the fireworks display; (e) after the use of pyrotechnic articles, the territory shall be inspected and cleared of spent and misfired pyrotechnic articles and their hazardous elements.
442. The use of pyrotechnic articles shall be prohibited: (a) in buildings and structures of any functional purpose, including on roofs (coverings), balconies, loggias and projecting parts of the facades of buildings and structures, except for the use of special stage effects, professional pyrotechnic articles for technical purposes and devices that create fire effects, for which a set of organisational and technical actions for ensuring fire safety has been developed; (b) on the territories of explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous facilities, in the rights-of-way of railways, oil pipelines, gas pipelines and high-voltage power lines; (c) repealed as of 1 March 2023. - Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1885 of 24 October 2022; (d) during rallies, demonstrations, marches and picketing; (e) on the territories of especially valuable cultural heritage sites of the peoples of the Russian Federation, historical and cultural monuments, cemeteries and religious structures, nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries and national parks; (f) in weather conditions that do not allow safety to be ensured during their use; (g) to persons who have not passed the age restriction established by the manufacturer of the pyrotechnic article.
443. When storing pyrotechnic articles at retail trade facilities: the requirements of the operating instructions (manual) for the articles shall be observed; rejected pyrotechnic products shall be stored separately from pyrotechnic products fit for sale; the joint storage of pyrotechnic products with other goods (articles) in warehouses and storerooms shall be prohibited; the placement of storerooms for pyrotechnic articles at trade facilities with a total sales-floor area of less than 25 sq. metres shall be prohibited; for trade facilities with a sales-floor area of less than 25 sq. metres, the quantity of pyrotechnic articles shall not exceed 100 kilograms by gross mass. The loading of the sales floor of a trade facility with pyrotechnic articles shall not exceed the loading standard for a warehouse or storeroom; pyrotechnic articles at trade facilities shall be stored in premises separated by type-1 fire partitions. Placing articles in basement premises and on underground storeys shall be prohibited.
444. In the course of the sale (selling) of pyrotechnic products, the following safety requirements are met: (a) display cases with samples of pyrotechnic articles in trading premises ensure that the buyer is able to review the markings on the articles and preclude any actions by buyers with the articles other than visual inspection; (b) pyrotechnic articles are placed no closer than 0.5 metres from the heating appliances of the heating system. Work involving mechanical and (or) thermal actions in premises containing pyrotechnic articles shall not be permitted; (c) in the trading premises of self-service shops, pyrotechnic articles are sold only in specialised sections by sales consultants; (d) pyrotechnic articles shall be stored in cabinets made of non-combustible materials installed in premises fenced off from other premises by fire partitions and fire-resistant floor slabs.
445. The design and placement of trading (display) equipment at trade facilities shall preclude buyers' independent access to pyrotechnic articles. When selling pyrotechnic articles, the seller shall inform the buyer of the hazard class and the rules for handling those articles.
446. At trade facilities, the following shall be prohibited: (a) placing departments and sections for the sale of pyrotechnic articles, as well as goods in aerosol packaging, in the sales area closer than 4 metres from the exits to stairwells and other evacuation exits; (b) storing pyrotechnic articles in premises without window openings or exhaust smoke-protection ventilation systems; (c) storing pyrotechnic articles together with other combustible substances and materials; (d) carrying out hot work while people are present in sales areas, and in premises where pyrotechnic articles are placed for storage; (e) repackaging articles in sales areas and on escape routes; (f) storing powder articles together with primers or pyrotechnic articles in one cabinet; (g) placing packaging (containers) with articles and cabinets (safes) with articles in basement premises; (h) storing pyrotechnic articles in basement premises.
447. The sale (selling) of pyrotechnic articles shall be prohibited: (a) at trade facilities located in residential buildings, terminal buildings (air, sea, river, railway and bus terminals), on the platforms of railway stations, at public transport stops, in the ground-level lobbies of metro stations, street underpasses and other underground structures, and also in vehicles and on the territories of fire-hazardous production facilities; (b) to persons under 16 years of age (unless the manufacturer has established a different age restriction); (c) in the absence (loss) of identification features, operating instructions (manual), the mandatory certificate of conformity or conformity mark, where there are signs of damage, or on expiry of the shelf life; (d) outside the factory consumer packaging.
448. Pyrotechnic articles shall be used strictly in accordance with their instructions for use and at a safe distance from mass gatherings of people and from protected facilities (including taking into account the dimensions of the hazardous zone).
449. In buildings and structures, pyrotechnic articles of a hazard class no higher than II under the Customs Union technical regulation "On the Safety of Pyrotechnic Articles" may be used.
450. The regulations for holding events using special stage effects, professional pyrotechnic articles and fire effects, with an attached specification of the equipment used and a layout of its placement, shall be approved by the organiser of such an event.
451. The equipment for the stage effects used shall have the capability of emergency remote shutdown.
452. The radius of the hazardous zone of the pyrotechnic articles used shall be no more than 5 metres. That zone shall be demarcated by special weighted barrier fencing ("heavy barrier"). Pyrotechnic articles shall be installed taking into account the radius of the hazardous zones of the articles used. The installation of special stage effects, professional pyrotechnic articles and fire effects shall be carried out on rigidly fixed platforms or on platforms whose stability is ensured by a large support area and (or) weight to prevent them from falling and (or) tipping over. The installation sites shall have a covering of non-combustible materials or materials treated with fire-retardant compounds, with confirmation of the quality of such treatment.
453. The equipment used shall be operated in strict accordance with the instructions (equipment data sheet) of the manufacturing enterprise.
454. When holding events, and during the period of preparation and installation (dismantling) of the equipment for special stage effects, professional pyrotechnic articles and fire effects, no fewer than 2 fire posts shall be organised for visual control over the operation of the stage effects. Each such post is provided with 2 fire extinguishers with a minimum test-fire extinguishing rating of 4A, as well as a blanket for isolating the seat of ignition. For the period of preparation and holding of an event using special stage effects, professional pyrotechnic articles and fire effects, a responsible person is appointed by order of the head to control the installation, dismantling and operation of that equipment and those articles.
455. The following shall be prohibited: (a) the use of special stage effects while people are within the hazardous radius; (b) the use of special stage effects and (or) pyrotechnic articles in buildings and structures of fire-resistance rating IV or V; (c) the use of faulty and damaged equipment for creating special stage effects; (d) the stockpiling and storage of pyrotechnic articles and of cylinders containing combustible gases at the facility and on the territory adjacent to the facility (except for the procedure of preparation and use at an event).
456. During the preparation and installation of special stage effects using combustible gases, and no earlier than 2 hours before the start of their use, a check of the serviceability and leak-tightness of the equipment is carried out by means of an analysis of air samples.
457. Temporary stage structures (platforms, podiums, etc.) shall be made of non-combustible materials or materials treated with fire-retardant compounds, with confirmation of the quality of such treatment. The use of decorations made of combustible materials without fire-retardant treatment shall not be permitted. Enclosed spaces beneath stage structures (platforms, podiums, etc.) shall be protected by an automatic fire alarm system, ensuring information compatibility with the facility's overall automatic fire-protection system.
458. Automatic fire-protection systems and installations may, for the period of holding events using special stage effects, professional pyrotechnic articles and fire effects, as well as for scheduled work on the installation (dismantling) of the relevant equipment and articles, be switched from automatic start to manual start. In this case, the technical personnel are transferred to an intensified operating mode by order of the head of the facility. In addition, a set of organisational and technical actions for ensuring fire safety shall be implemented.
Notes: 1. In premises that contain different types of combustible material and where fires of various classes may occur, fire extinguishers that are universal in their scope of application are used.
2. Other primary fire-extinguishing means that ensure the extinguishing of the relevant class of fire and the test-fire extinguishing rating, including portable fire-extinguishing aerosol generators, may be used.
3. The choice of the type of fire extinguisher shall be determined taking into account the safety of its use for people and property.
Notes: 1. In premises that contain different types of combustible material and where fires of various classes may occur, fire extinguishers that are universal in their scope of application are used.
2. Other primary fire-extinguishing means that ensure the extinguishing of the relevant class of fire and the test-fire extinguishing rating may be used.
3. The choice of the type of fire extinguisher shall be determined taking into account the safety of its use for people and property.
Notes: 1. In railway rolling stock that contains different types of combustible material and where fires of various classes may occur, fire extinguishers that are universal in their scope of application are used.
2. Other primary fire-extinguishing means that ensure the extinguishing of the relevant class of fire and the test-fire extinguishing rating may be used.
3. The choice of the type of fire extinguisher shall be determined taking into account the safety of its use for people and property.
1. This procedure for the use of open flame and the making of bonfires on agricultural land, reserve land and land of populated localities (hereinafter - the procedure) establishes mandatory fire-safety requirements for the use of open flame and the making of bonfires on agricultural land, reserve land and land of populated localities (hereinafter - the use of open flame).
2. The use of open flame shall be carried out in specially equipped places, subject to compliance with the following requirements: (a) the place for the use of open flame shall be made in the form of a pit (hole, trench) no less than 0.3 metres deep and no more than 1 metre in diameter, or of a platform with a metal container firmly installed on it (for example, a barrel, tank or barbecue) or a container made of other non-combustible materials that preclude the possibility of flame spreading and combustible materials falling beyond the seat of combustion, with a volume of no more than 1 cu. metre; (b) the place for the use of open flame shall be located at a distance of no less than 50 metres from the nearest object (building, structure, outbuilding, open warehouse, stack), 100 metres - from coniferous forest or individually growing coniferous trees and young growth, and 30 metres - from deciduous forest or individually growing groups of deciduous trees. When open flame is used to burn dry grass, branches, foliage and other combustible vegetation on individual land plots of populated localities, and on garden or vegetable-garden land plots, the place for the use of open flame shall be located at a distance of no less than 15 metres from buildings, structures and other outbuildings; (c) the territory around the place for the use of open flame shall be cleared, within a radius of 10 metres, of standing dead trees, dry grass, deadwood, felling residues and other combustible materials, and shall be separated by a fire-prevention mineralised strip no less than 0.4 metres wide; (d) the person using open flame shall be provided with primary fire-extinguishing means for containing and eliminating the combustion, as well as with a mobile means of communication for calling a fire-protection unit.
3. When open flame is used to burn dry grass, branches, foliage and other combustible vegetation in a metal container or a container made of other non-combustible materials that precludes the spread of flame and the falling of combustible materials beyond the seat of combustion, the minimum permissible distances provided for in sub-clauses "b" and "c" of paragraph 2 of the procedure may be halved. In this case, the arrangement of a fire-prevention mineralised strip is not required.
4. For the purpose of timely containment of the combustion process, a container intended for burning refuse shall be used with a metal sheet whose size shall make it possible to fully cover that container from above.
5. When open flame is used and bonfires are lit for cooking food in special non-combustible containers (for example, barbecues, braziers) on land plots of populated localities, and on garden or vegetable-garden land plots, the fire-prevention distance from the seat of combustion to buildings, structures and other outbuildings may be reduced to 5 metres, and the zone of clearance of combustible materials around the container - to 2 metres.
6. In cases of carrying out work to destroy dry grassy vegetation, stubble, crop residues and other combustible waste, or of organising mass events using open flame, the diameter of the seat of combustion may be increased to 3 metres. In this case, the minimum permissible radius of the zone for clearing the territory around the seat of combustion of standing dead trees, dry grass, deadwood, felling residues and other combustible materials shall be determined, depending on the height above ground level of the point of their placement at the place where open flame is used, in accordance with the Appendix.
7. When the diameter of the zone of the seat of combustion is increased, the requirements of paragraph 2 of the procedure shall be met. In this case, no fewer than 2 persons, provided with primary fire-extinguishing means and having undergone training in fire safety measures, shall be engaged for each seat of use of open flame.
8. Throughout the entire period of the use of open flame until the smouldering process ceases, control over the non-spread of combustion (smouldering) beyond the boundaries of the seat zone shall be carried out.
9. The use of open flame shall be prohibited: on peat soils; when a special fire-prevention regime is established in the relevant territory; when information has been received about approaching meteorological consequences that are adverse or dangerous to human life and are associated with strong wind gusts; under the crowns of coniferous trees; in a container whose walls have a fire burn-through, mechanical ruptures (damage) or other openings, including technological ones, through which combustible materials may fall beyond the seat of combustion; at a wind speed exceeding a value of 5 metres per second, if open flame is used without a metal container or a container made of other non-combustible materials that precludes the spread of flame and the falling of combustible materials beyond the seat of combustion; at a wind speed exceeding a value of 10 metres per second.
10. In the process of using open flame, the following shall be prohibited: burning combustible and flammable liquids (except for liquids used for kindling), explosive substances and materials, and also articles and other materials that release toxic and highly toxic substances when burning; leaving the seat of combustion unattended until combustion (smouldering) has completely ceased; placing flammable and combustible liquids, as well as combustible materials, near the seat of combustion.
11. After the use of open flame, the site of the seat of combustion shall be covered with earth (sand) or doused with water until combustion (smouldering) has completely ceased.
ShchP-A - fire board for class A fire seats;
ShchP-B - fire board for class B fire seats;
ShchP-E - fire board for class E fire seats;
ShchP-SKh - fire board for agricultural enterprises (organisations);
1. Fire-protection units (name, type) deployed in the territory of the populated locality, address ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
2. The fire-protection unit nearest to the populated locality (name, type), address ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
needs, exposed to the threat of forest fires <*>
1. Fire-protection units (name, type, address)
<*> Where a children's camp or a horticultural or market-gardening territory is located within a populated locality exposed to the threat of forest fires, in accordance with the administrative-territorial division, the passport is drawn up only for the populated locality.
This passport is also drawn up for horticultural, market-gardening and dacha non-profit associations of natural persons that have not undergone reorganisation in accordance with part 1 of Article 54 of the Federal Law "On Citizens' Conduct of Horticulture and Market Gardening for Their Own Needs and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation".
<**> Filled in for a horticultural or market-gardening territory.