Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Rostechnadzor) No. 529 of 15 December 2020
Unofficial translation. Only the Russian original published in the official sources of the Russian Federation has legal force. This translation is provided for reference and does not replace the official document.
1. The Federal Norms and Rules in the field of industrial safety "Rules of Industrial Safety of Oil and Petroleum Product Depots" (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) have been developed in accordance with Federal Law No. 116-FZ of 21 July 1997 "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities") (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1997, No. 30, Art. 3588; 2018, No. 31, Art. 4860).
2. The Rules establish requirements aimed at ensuring industrial safety at hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots - sites of oil terminals for the storage and transhipment of oil and petroleum products, tank farms and loading stations of trunk oil pipelines and petroleum product pipelines, commodity and raw material parks of central gathering points of oil fields and oil refining facilities, as well as depots of fuels and lubricants forming part of industrial enterprises and organisations, including those of heat and electric power generation, at which the combustible substances specified in sub-clause "c" of paragraph 1 of Appendix No. 1 to the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" are stored and transported.
3. The Rules do not apply to facilities of the ore mining and metallurgical industry, facilities of the offshore oil and gas complex, or hazardous production facilities for the storage of petroleum products having a vapour pressure above 93.3 kilopascals at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius (liquefied hydrocarbon gases, liquefied natural gas, broad fraction of light hydrocarbons).
4. Operation and repair of loading and unloading racks shall be carried out in accordance with the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety developed in accordance with the requirements of Part 3 of Article 4 of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities", and with these Rules.
5. Receipt and shipment of oil and petroleum products into railway tank cars shall be carried out through specially equipped loading and unloading devices ensuring safe conduct of loading and unloading operations.
6. Loading and unloading racks shall be equipped with serviceable hinged bridges for crossing onto the tank car. Hinged bridges shall, at the points of contact with the metal surface of the tank car, have gaskets of non-sparking material and shall be resistant to destruction by petroleum product vapours.
7. Braking of tank cars with brake shoes made of a material that produces sparking shall not be permitted in unloading and loading areas.
8. Loading of petroleum products into railway tank cars shall be carried out via a hoseless system of articulated or telescopic devices equipped with automatic loading limiters. When loading light petroleum products, leak-tightness of their loading shall be ensured, with removal of vapours into a gas collection system. Technical solutions for sealing the loading shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
9. Loading of light petroleum products performed through one and the same loading device shall be carried out with provision of measures excluding mixing of the products. For aviation fuels, separate loading devices shall be used when they are dispensed to the consumer. Railway loading and unloading racks for petroleum products (except for high-viscosity petroleum products, including fuel oil, tar and bitumen) shall be equipped with bottom sealed unloading devices. Light petroleum products may be unloaded through leak-tight top unloading devices. Unloading of aviation fuels shall be performed through bottom unloading devices into separate tanks for subsequent settling and removal of free (bottom) water from them.
10. The piping system shall be designed in such a way as to ensure complete freeing of the pipelines downstream of the shut-off valves from residues of the product being loaded or unloaded. Manifolds and product pipelines shall be provided with drainage devices and (or) pumps discharging the drained product into a closed leak-tight collection and disposal system or into a special technical device ensuring leak-tight reception of the drained product.
11. For performing operations for the emergency emptying of petroleum products from faulty tank cars, special places for their emptying shall be provided.
12. For the collection and removal of atmospheric precipitation contaminated with petroleum products, as well as for washing away spilt petroleum products, the unloading and loading area shall have a hard concrete surface equipped with devices for discharge into the drainage system. Rails in this area shall be laid on reinforced concrete sleepers. The hard surface shall be waterproof, shall be enclosed along the perimeter by a kerb at least 0.2 metres high, and shall have slopes of at least 2 per cent for liquid run-off towards the receiving devices (trays, wells, sumps).
13. Contaminated product from the drainage vessel shall be directed to tank vessels for separating water from petroleum products or to tank vessels for waste petroleum products.
14. Quick-acting disconnecting shut-off and (or) isolating devices (automatic devices) shall be installed on loading and unloading racks. The response time of the shut-off and (or) isolating devices is determined by calculation and shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). Loading shall stop automatically upon: delivery of the set quantity of oil and petroleum products; reaching of the limit filling level of the railway tank car; breach of the integrity of the earthing circuit of the railway tank car.
15. On pipelines through which flammable and combustible liquids (hereinafter referred to as FL and CL respectively) are supplied to the rack, shut-off devices shall be installed for disconnecting these pipelines in the event of an accident at the rack. Control of these devices shall be carried out at the place of their installation and (or) remotely (from a safe distance), and shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
16. The maximum safe loading rate of oil and petroleum products shall be adopted taking into account the properties of the product being loaded, the diameter of the pipeline of the loading device and the material of the pipeline, and shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
17. Limitation of the maximum loading rate of oil and petroleum products to safe limits shall be ensured by regulating their flow by means of shut-off and control valves on the line supplying oil or petroleum product to the railway rack, or by bypassing part of the product into the suction pipeline of the pump, or by installing a variable frequency electric drive of the pump. Automatic regulation of the product flow shall be performed with limitation of the maximum pressure in the discharge pipeline supplying the product to the railway loading rack.
18. To exclude the formation of explosive mixtures in the pipeline and manifold systems for the unloading and loading of petroleum products during repair work, the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) shall provide for the supply of inert gas or steam to them, using equipment and (or) fixed lines intended for the removal of combustible substances from these systems. This requirement does not apply to aviation fuel depots.
19. The unloading trays of the receiving and unloading rack for fuel oils, tars and bitumens (hereinafter referred to as the RUR) shall be made of non-combustible materials, covered with metal gratings and removable covers, and equipped with means for heating the unloaded fuel. For newly designed racks for unloading viscous petroleum products (fuel oils, tars and bitumens), closed unloading systems shall be provided.
20. The receiving vessels of the RUR of fuel oil depots shall be equipped with temperature and level measuring instruments, level limit alarms, ventilation branch pipes, means for heating the unloaded fuel oil, transfer pumps and lifting structures. The receiving vessels shall have overfill protection.
21. Heating of congealing and high-viscosity petroleum products in railway tank cars and loading and unloading devices shall be performed with steam, with petroleum product heated by the circulation method, or by electric heating at not more than 90 degrees Celsius. Where electric heating is used, the electric heaters shall be of explosion-protected design. For heating aviation oils, saturated water steam supplied into the circulation system or portable steam superheaters shall be used.
22. When performing unloading and loading operations with petroleum products whose vapour flash point is below 61 degrees Celsius, the use of electric heating shall not be permitted.
23. Where portable heaters are used, direct contact of the heat carrier with the petroleum product shall not be permitted.
24. Where portable steam heaters are used, the steam pressure in the heater shall correspond to the values established in the technical documentation (passport) of the steam heater.
25. Heating of petroleum products in railway tank cars with portable electric heaters shall be performed only with the use of circulation heating in an external heater (heat exchanger).
26. Where portable electric heaters are used, they shall be fitted with interlocking devices switching them off when the liquid level above the heating device falls below 500 millimetres.
27. Portable steam coils and portable electric heaters shall be switched on only after their immersion in the petroleum product to a depth of at least 500 millimetres from the level of the upper edge of the heater. Stopping of the steam supply and disconnection of the electric power shall be performed before the start of unloading.
28. The design of the bottom unloading (loading) installation for oil and petroleum products shall conform to the technical documentation of the manufacturing organisation for bottom unloading (loading) installations for oil and petroleum products for railway tank wagons.
29. Loading of oil and light petroleum products by a freely falling stream shall not be permitted. The distance from the end of the loading pipe to the lower generatrix of the tank car shall not exceed 200 millimetres.
30. Gas contamination sensors for the working area shall be installed on railway loading and unloading racks intended for the unloading and loading of oil and light petroleum products. Unloading and loading shall stop automatically when the gas contamination of the air reaches a level above 50 per cent by volume of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation (hereinafter referred to as the LCLFP). The installation of gas contamination sensors shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) in accordance with the technical characteristics of the instruments specified in the passports of the manufacturing organisation.
31. For newly designed oil and petroleum product depots, loading of light petroleum products into railway tank cars shall be provided for with the use of automation systems.
32. Loading and unloading racks for oil and petroleum products shall be protected against direct lightning strikes. Protection of the railway rack against direct lightning strikes and secondary lightning effects in the area of unloading and loading of oil and petroleum products shall be effected by air terminals. Technical solutions for lightning protection shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
33. To prevent the possibility of accumulation of static electricity charges and the occurrence of hazardous discharges when performing process unloading and loading operations with petroleum products, earthing of tank cars, pipelines and loading devices, as well as limitation of the loading rate at the initial and final stages of loading, shall be provided.
34. Operation and repair of loading and unloading stations shall be carried out in accordance with the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety developed in accordance with the requirements of Part 3 of Article 4 of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities", and with these Rules.
35. A loading station or a loading point shall include the premises of the control station and the road tanker loading areas at which the loading posts and loading devices are located.
36. Loading posts shall be equipped with automated loading installations controlled from the control stations and also at the place of their installation.
37. When performing FL and CL loading operations, spontaneous movement of the loading and unloading devices shall not be permitted.
38. For loading of FL with a vapour pressure of 66.65 kilopascals or more, loading and unloading devices shall be provided with vapour removal devices.
39. Loading of petroleum products into road tankers shall be carried out via a hoseless system of articulated or telescopic devices equipped with automatic loading limiters. Flexible hoses may be used for loading petroleum products subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). The distance from the end of the loading pipe to the lower generatrix of the tanker shall not exceed 200 millimetres.
40. The tip of the loading pipe shall be made of a material excluding spark formation upon impact with the tanker. The design of the tip shall exclude vertical falling and splashing of the product stream at the start of loading.
41. To exclude overflow of petroleum product over the edge of the filling neck of the tanker, loading level limiters shall be used which make it possible to stop loading automatically when the set value is reached.
42. Upon completion of loading, measures shall be provided ensuring complete emptying of the loading pipe of product and excluding the possibility of its spillage onto the tanker.
43. To collect residues of product flowing down from the loading pipe when it is withdrawn from the tanker, the loading device shall be fitted with a special valve and (or) a drip collector.
44. On loading and unloading devices whose elements are connected by hinges with gland seals made of non-metallic materials, the earthing shall be checked visually every shift, without permitting any breach of the integrity of the single circuit, and the results of the inspection shall be recorded in the shift handover log. If a breach of the integrity of the single earthing circuit is detected, operation of the loading and unloading devices shall not be permitted. The shift handover log may be kept in electronic form without duplication on paper, provided that conditions are ensured which exclude the possibility of unauthorised alteration of the information in the log and that the electronic signature of the responsible persons is used in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 63-FZ of 6 April 2011 "On Electronic Signature" (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law "On Electronic Signature") (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2011, No. 15, Art. 2036; 2020, No. 24, Art. 3755).
45. For bottom loading of aviation petrol (jet engine fuel) into road tankers (refuellers), articulated connecting pipes made of aluminium, excluding spark formation upon connection to the flange of the road tanker, shall be used. The use of flexible hoses for bottom loading of aviation petrol (jet engine fuel) into road tankers (refuellers) shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). When selecting flexible hoses, the requirements of the technical documents of the manufacturing organisation shall be taken into account.
46. At the aviation petrol (jet engine fuel) loading point, devices shall be provided for leak-tight bottom loading with automatic stopping of the fuel supply after the limit loading level of the road tanker (refueller) is reached. The aviation petrol (jet engine fuel) loading system shall provide for emergency remote (manual) shutdown of the pump. Top loading of aviation fuels shall not be permitted. The use of top loading at aviation fuel loading units forming part of oil refining enterprises shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
47. At loading and unloading stations and at points for the unloading and loading of oil and light petroleum products, alarms for pre-explosive concentrations of oil and petroleum product vapours shall be installed.
48. Where the concentration of petroleum product vapours at the sites of loading and unloading stations and unloading and loading points exceeds 20 per cent by volume of the LCLFP, interlocks stopping unloading and loading operations, and an alarm giving warning of the prohibition on starting motor vehicle engines, shall be installed.
49. Starting the engines of road tankers located at the site shall not be permitted in the event of a petroleum product spill until the spilt petroleum product has been completely cleaned up.
50. Road tanker loading stations shall be equipped with special devices (traffic lights, barriers or other means restricting uncoordinated movement of vehicles) to prevent the departure of road tankers filled with petroleum products with the loading devices lowered into their filling necks.
51. Road tankers standing under unloading or loading at road tanker loading stations and points shall be earthed. In the absence of a closed electrical circuit "earthing device - road tanker", road tanker loading and unloading stations and points shall be equipped with an interlock excluding the possibility of starting the pumps for transferring petroleum products.
52. To exclude the accumulation of static electricity charges when performing unloading and loading operations with petroleum products, earthing of tankers, pipelines and loading devices, as well as limitation of the loading rate at the initial and final stages of loading, shall be provided.
53. Drivers of road tankers performing petroleum product unloading and loading operations shall not be permitted to be present at loading and unloading stations and at points for the unloading and loading of oil and light petroleum products in clothing made of synthetic and woollen materials.
54. To monitor the transfer of oil and petroleum product through the pipeline, instruments ensuring monitoring of the transfer process shall be installed at the pump station and at the loading arms. The readings of the instruments shall be transmitted to the control room (operator room).
55. The installation locations of the instruments ensuring monitoring of the transfer process, their number and the monitored parameters of the transfer process shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
56. In the event of unauthorised departure of the vessel, the automatic emergency disconnection device of the loading arm shall be activated.
57. Loading arms shall have powered emergency release couplings (hereinafter referred to as PERC) intended for rapid disconnection of the cargo loading arm in the event of an accident or where it moves beyond the limits of its working range.
58. To prevent spillage of petroleum products, loading arms shall have an emergency release system (hereinafter referred to as the ERS) activated in the following ways: automatically, when the loading arm reaches the specified limit position; remotely, upon pressing of a button on the central control panel; manually, by operating hydraulic valves in the event of failure of the electric power supply to the terminal.
59. The ERS valves built into the upper and lower parts of the PERC shall be hydraulically or mechanically interlocked.
60. Loading arms shall have a safe working range of movement so that movement of the vessel does not cause stresses in the loading arms.
61. Loading arms shall be subject to periodic inspection according to a schedule approved by the operating organisation.
62. The shore pipeline shall be equipped with systems for relieving pressure into surge tanks to reduce the effect of possible hydraulic shock. To prevent hydraulic shock, the following measures shall be provided: regulation of the linear flow velocity; increase of the closing time of the control valve; use of systems for relieving pressure into surge tanks to reduce the effect of possible hydraulic shock.
63. The shore pipeline through which loading or unloading of the vessel is carried out shall have a system for relieving pressure into surge tanks with a throughput capacity ensuring prevention of a pressure rise above the design pressure of the shore pipeline.
64. Where the shore pumps are located more than 100 metres from the loading arm, automatic safety valves shall be installed on the berth to exclude a possible pressure rise caused by the flow of oil or petroleum product.
65. Provision shall be made on the berth for emergency shutdown of the shore cargo pumps.
66. Pipelines on the berth shall be equipped with emergency valves for safe control of unloading or loading. The installation locations of the emergency valves (the distance from the hose receivers or loading arms) shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
67. On the shore pipeline intended for discharging oil, petroleum product or ballast from the vessel, a non-return valve closing upon a pressure drop on the vessel side shall be installed in the area of the hose receivers.
68. When loading light petroleum products into a vessel, a static electricity neutraliser shall be installed on the shore pipeline upstream of the loading arms. The need to install a static electricity neutraliser when transferring dark petroleum products is determined in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
69. The selection of hoses shall be made depending on the physical and chemical properties of the medium being transferred, the pressure and temperature parameters and the size of the vessel's pipeline, to ensure the safety of cargo operations, and shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). The service life of hoses is established by the manufacturing organisation.
70. Persons responsible for carrying out unloading and loading operations with petroleum products shall have information on each hose, including: the name of the petroleum product for which it is intended; the date of manufacture; the value of the burst pressure; the value of the working pressure; the period after which the hose shall undergo testing; the date of the last test, indicating the pressure at which it was tested.
71. Cargo hoses in operation shall be subject to: visual inspection for wear (damage); pressure testing at a value of 1.5 times the nominal working pressure, to detect leakage of the hose contents or displacement of its end connection devices; determination of electrical conductivity.
72. Persons responsible for carrying out unloading and loading operations on the vessel and on the berth shall be provided with two-way communication means for prompt interaction with each other.
73. During a thunderstorm and strong wind (more than 15 metres per second), unloading and loading operations with FL shall not be permitted.
74. When loading and unloading a vessel, an electrically insulating flange joint or a non-conductive hose shall be used in the loading arm or cargo hose line at the point of connection to the vessel's manifold.
75. Storage of oil and petroleum products in buried and underground tanks for newly constructed and reconstructed hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots shall not be permitted, except for hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots under construction or reconstruction which are subordinate to the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, the Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency for State Reserves and the Main Directorate of Special Programmes of the President of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as departmental facilities), and except for the case provided for in paragraph 75(1) of the Rules. 75(1). To ensure the safety of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots not classified as departmental facilities, oil and petroleum products may be stored in underground and buried tanks subject to the availability of, and compliance with, solutions justified in the design documentation: 1) aimed at excluding: the formation of a freely falling stream when filling the tank with petroleum products; penetration of oil and (or) petroleum products into the ground, as well as the possibility of the formation of an explosive mixture of petroleum product vapours with air in the underground (buried) space; 2) providing for the availability of: systems (means) for monitoring leaks of oil and (or) petroleum products, as defined by the design documentation; breathing valves with flame arresters; safety valves; means for measuring, monitoring and regulating the level of the stored oil and (or) petroleum products, with alarms for limit values of the level and with means for automatic shut-off of their supply into the tank when the set limit level is reached, or with other means excluding the possibility of overfilling; sampling devices, the method and location of which are justified in the design documentation; bottom water drainage systems; earthing and static electricity protection devices; automatic shut-off valves installed on the receiving and dispensing branch pipes. (Paragraph 75(1) was introduced by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Rostechnadzor) No. 88 of 18 March 2025)
76. The hazard class of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots is determined depending on the quantity of combustible liquids present in the tanks, according to the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) and in accordance with the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities".
77. The selection of the type of tank for the storage of oil and petroleum products (a tank with a fixed roof without a pontoon (hereinafter referred to as RVS); a tank with a fixed roof with a pontoon (hereinafter referred to as RVSP); a tank with a floating roof (hereinafter referred to as RVSPK)) is made depending on the physical and chemical properties and explosion hazard indicators of the stored products. To exclude the formation of an explosive vapour concentration, as well as to reduce losses of oil and petroleum products, RVS tanks shall be equipped with technical systems and means preventing the formation of explosive mixtures and the possibility of an explosion inside the tank (gas equalisation systems, vapour capture and recovery systems, inert medium supply systems - creation of a nitrogen "blanket", use of a gas blanket, use of a common gas equalisation line with discharge of the gas medium through a hydraulic seal to a dispersion vent stack into the atmosphere). Technical solutions for the use of systems and means for preventing the formation of explosive mixtures are established in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) taking into account the fire and explosion hazard indicators of the petroleum products, the regulated storage regimes, and the conduct of operations for the receipt and pumping out of the stored products. Tanks for the storage of various types of fuel oil are not required to be equipped with systems and means for preventing the formation of explosive mixtures.
78. For site-based hazardous production facilities of trunk pipeline transport, tanks without a pontoon and vapour capture and recovery systems shall be used for emergency discharge. Tanks for emergency discharge of oil and petroleum products shall be equipped with breathing and safety valves.
79. Where tanks are fitted with a gas equalisation system, means shall be provided for remote disconnection of each tank from this system in the event of its emergency condition, to prevent the development of an accident through the gas equalisation system. Where tank farms are fitted with a gas equalisation system, combining by means of it tanks containing motor petrols and aviation petrols (jet engine fuel) shall not be permitted.
80. Where steel tanks with a protective wall (of the "cup in cup" type) are used, monitoring of product leaks into the interwall space shall be ensured by a direct (leakage) or an indirect (gas contamination) parameter. If a loss of leak-tightness of the main tank is detected, it shall be taken out of operation.
81. Vertical steel tanks shall, depending on their purpose, be fitted with: receiving and dispensing branch pipes with shut-off valves; breathing and safety valves with flame arresters; devices for sampling and for removal of bottom water; monitoring and alarm instruments; devices for heating high-viscosity and congealing oils and petroleum products; fire protection systems; ventilation branch pipes; lightning protection, earthing and static electricity protection devices. The complete set of devices and equipment installed on the tank, as well as the layout of their location, shall be subject to justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
82. Tanks for aviation fuels at fuelling complexes shall be equipped with floating devices for top intake of fuel. Storage of aviation petrols (jet engine fuel) at fuelling complexes in RVSPK tanks and (or) tanks with a pontoon shall not be permitted. The tanks shall not be equipped with a gas equalisation system and a vapour capture and recovery system.
83. The equipment, valves and monitoring, alarm and protection instruments installed on tanks for the storage of oil and petroleum products shall ensure safe operation of the tanks during: filling, storage and emptying; cleaning and repair; settling and removal of bottom water; sampling; measurement of level, temperature and pressure.
84. Each tank put into operation shall conform to the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) and shall have a technical passport specifying its serial number according to the process flow diagram of the tank farm, this number being also marked on the tank shell.
85. The filling (emptying) rate of tanks shall not exceed the total throughput capacity of the breathing and safety devices installed on the tank.
86. The maximum filling (emptying) rate for vertical steel tanks with a floating roof (RVSPK) and (or) a pontoon is limited by the permissible speed of movement of the pontoon (floating roof), which shall not exceed 6 metres per hour for tanks with a capacity of up to 30 000 cubic metres and 4 metres per hour for tanks with a capacity of more than 30 000 cubic metres. In this case, the speed of the pontoon at the moment of initial movement shall not exceed 2.5 metres per hour.
87. The difference between atmospheric pressure and the pressure in tanks shall be maintained by the installed breather and safety valves. Breather valves shall be selected depending on the type of tank and the product stored.
88. Where hydraulic valves are installed on tanks, they shall be filled with a low-volatility, non-crystallising, non-polymerising and non-freezing liquid.
89. To ensure the normal operation of breather valves in winter, they shall be regularly cleared of frost to prevent a reduction in their flow capacity. The intervals between examinations are established in the manufacturer's technical documentation.
90. Safety valves shall be installed on tanks equipped with breather valves. Breather and safety valves are installed on nozzles.
91. The material of the seals (rim seals) of pontoons and floating roofs shall be selected taking into account compatibility with the stored product, gas tightness, ageing, strength and ambient temperature, and shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
92. The piping of tanks and pumps shall make it possible to transfer products from one tank to others in the event of an accident. For emergency emptying, tanks for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids are equipped with shut-off valves. The use of remotely controlled shut-off valves is established in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). Remotely controlled shut-off valves are operated from the operator room, as well as from locations that are accessible and safe for servicing under emergency conditions. The actuation time of the valves is established in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
93. The dispersion stack for the discharge of oil and petroleum product vapours shall ensure gas dispersion conditions that preclude the formation of explosive concentrations in the area where process equipment, buildings and structures are located. The location and height of the dispersion stack shall be determined in the design documentation.
94. Tanks for oil and petroleum products shall be equipped with instrumentation in accordance with the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
95. A bottom water drainage system shall be provided for the removal of bottom water from vertical cylindrical tanks intended for the storage of oil and petroleum products. The need for a bottom water drainage system shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). When petroleum products are stored in tanks, the presence of bottom water above the minimum level ensured by the water drainage device shall not be permitted.
96. To prevent overfilling of the drainage system during automatic discharge of bottom water, an interlock shall be provided to preclude overfilling of the receiving vessel.
97. For newly constructed and reconstructed tanks containing light petroleum products, stationary samplers located at the bottom shall be provided. Manual sampling of light petroleum products through the hatch on the tank roof shall not be permitted. It shall not be permitted to perform these operations during a thunderstorm, or while product is being pumped in or pumped out.
98. The level of petroleum products in tanks shall be monitored by means of instrumentation.
99. Tank farms for the storage of oil and light petroleum products shall be equipped with means for the automatic monitoring and detection of leaks of petroleum products and (or) their vapours within the tank bund. All cases of detection of leaks of petroleum products and (or) their vapours within the tank bund shall be recorded by devices with readings transmitted to the control room (operator room) and shall be documented. The technical solutions, number and arrangement of devices for the detection of petroleum products and (or) their vapours within the tank bund shall be established in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) depending on the type of petroleum products stored, their storage conditions, the unit capacity of the tanks and their arrangement within the depot.
100. At the sites of tank farms for the storage of light petroleum products, devices for the detection of leaks of petroleum products and (or) their vapours shall be installed in the area of the shut-off and control valves of the depot (tank farm) connection unit located outside the bund. The number of devices for the detection of petroleum products and (or) their vapours shall be selected depending on the area occupied by the unit and shall be established in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) in accordance with the technical characteristics of the devices specified in the manufacturer's passports.
101. Where high-viscosity and congealing petroleum products are stored, provision shall be made for their heating. The choice of the type of heat transfer medium and the method of heating shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) depending on the type of product stored or pumped, its physical and chemical properties and fire and explosion hazard indicators, the climatic conditions and the type of storage tanks.
102. Fuel oil tanks shall be equipped with fuel oil heating devices. Where a steam heating device is located inside a tank, drain and vent nozzles with shut-off devices shall be provided on the outside of the tank for draining condensate and removing air during the start-up period.
103. The temperature to which fuel oil is heated in tanks shall be at least 15 degrees Celsius below the closed-cup flash point of its vapours and shall not exceed 90 degrees Celsius. The temperature of the petroleum product being heated in a tank shall be continuously monitored, with readings recorded in the control room (operator room), and shall be documented. In tanks equipped with coil heaters, heating of fuel oil shall not be permitted when the liquid level above the heaters is less than 500 millimetres.
104. Heaters shall be made of seamless steel pipes.
105. Where oil, fuel oil and other high-viscosity petroleum products are stored in tanks, a washout system shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of sediment.
106. The installation of electrical equipment not related to the operation of tanks and the transit routing of electric cable lines within the tank bund shall not be permitted.
107. Shut-off devices installed directly at a tank shall be duplicated by the installation of shut-off devices on process pipelines outside the bund. Gate valve units outside the bund shall provide the necessary process switching, as well as the possibility of reliably isolating each tank. The use of remotely controlled valves (with electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuators) is determined by the conditions of the pumping process, with justification in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). For newly designed tanks, the actuators of shut-off valves shall be controlled remotely from the control room (operator room) and locally at their installation location.
108. General lighting of tank farms shall be provided by floodlights. Floodlight masts shall be installed at a distance of at least 10 metres from tanks, but outside the bunded area or enclosing walls.
109. Petroleum products shall be fed into a tank without splashing, spraying or violent agitation to ensure electrostatic safety (except where mixing is provided for by the process and special electrostatic safety measures are ensured). When an empty tank is being filled, oil (petroleum products) shall be fed at a rate of not more than 1 metre per second until the inlet nozzle is filled or until the pontoon (floating roof) floats up.
110. All process operations for the receipt, storage and dispatch of oil and petroleum products in tank farms shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the production instructions (process charts) approved by the operating organisation and of these Rules.
111. During the operation of tanks, examination of their technical condition, maintenance, repair and technical diagnostics shall be ensured in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements specified in the technical documentation and determined by the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation), taking into account the requirements of these Rules.
112. During internal examination of tanks, gate valve control wells and other structures, isolating respiratory protective equipment shall be used where petroleum product vapours are present in them.
113. The siting of warehouse buildings and structures for the storage of petroleum products in containers shall comply with the requirements of the legislation on urban planning, the design documentation and these Rules. Petroleum products in containers shall be stored in special buildings and structures, under canopies and in open areas. Storage of flammable petroleum products with a flash point of 45 degrees Celsius or below in open areas shall not be permitted.
114. The types of containers for storage and the requirements for their preparation, filling and marking and for the conditions of their storage and transportation shall comply with the operational documentation and the requirements of these Rules.
115. Joint storage of petroleum products in the same room with substances whose physical and chemical properties are capable of oxidising and igniting petroleum products shall not be permitted.
116. In warehouse premises and at sites for the storage of petroleum products in containers, mechanised equipment for loading and unloading operations shall be provided and conditions for safe vehicle access to those premises and storage sites shall be ensured.
117. Where petroleum products in containers are stored in warehouse premises, the following conditions shall be ensured: monitoring of the gas content of the premises (where flammable liquids are stored); the necessary air exchange rate; the availability of loading and unloading devices.
118. Floors in warehouse buildings for the storage of petroleum products in containers shall be made of non-combustible materials that do not absorb petroleum products and, where flammable liquids are stored, of materials that preclude spark formation. The floor surface shall be free of roughness and shall be laid with a slope so that liquid drains into sumps. Floors at stations for the filling and packaging of petroleum products into containers that are made of non-conductive materials shall be covered with metal sheets, with earthing provided, on which metal containers are placed during filling. Drums, cans and other mobile containers may be earthed by connecting them to an earthing device with a copper cable fitted with a lug for bolting.
119. Sites for the storage of petroleum products in containers shall have a hard surface and a slope for water drainage.
120. In warehouse premises for the storage of petroleum products in containers, it shall not be permitted to package petroleum products or to store packaging materials, empty containers and foreign objects. The site for the storage of petroleum products in containers shall be equipped with aprons and drainage channels with a slope for water run-off. Drainage trays, pipelines and aprons shall be kept in good condition. The frequency of cleaning of drainage trays, pipelines and aprons is determined in the technical documents of the operating organisation.
122. Filling and packaging of petroleum products (oils, greases) into drums and small containers shall be carried out at petroleum product filling and packaging stations. The premises of filling and packaging stations shall be located in buildings or at sites under a canopy depending on the climatic conditions and types of products. Depending on the type and volume of the products being filled, the premises shall be divided into isolated sections.
123. Electrical equipment and electrical wiring in the premises of stations for the filling and packaging of petroleum products into containers shall comply with the requirements of the technical regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Equipment for Operation in Explosive Atmospheres" (hereinafter referred to as TR CU 012/2011), approved by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 825 of 18 October 2011 (official website of the Customs Union Commission http://www.tsouz.ru/, 21 October 2011) <1>. ——————————-- <1> As amended by Decisions of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 250 of 4 December 2012 (official website of the Eurasian Economic Commission http://www.tsouz.ru/, 5 December 2012), No. 73 of 13 May 2014 (official website of the Eurasian Economic Commission http://www.eurasiancommission.org/, 14 May 2014), No. 119 of 25 October 2016 (official website of the Eurasian Economic Union http://www.eaeunion.org/, 27 October 2016). It is binding on the Russian Federation in accordance with the Treaty establishing the Eurasian Economic Community of 10 October 2000 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 7, Article 632); the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of 29 May 2014, ratified by Federal Law No. 279-FZ of 3 October 2014 "On the Ratification of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2014, No. 40, Article 5310).
124. The premises of stations for the filling and packaging of petroleum products into containers shall be equipped with automated devices for dispensing, filling and determining the quantity of petroleum products, means for automatically stopping filling, gas monitoring and emergency ventilation systems, and mechanised equipment for loading operations.
125. Filling of liquid products into small containers shall be carried out on automatic installations and automatic lines that provide leak-tight filling.
126. Metering devices, as well as packaging units (chambers) for filling liquid products into containers, shall be equipped with local exhaust ventilation.
127. When flammable liquids are filled into metal drums, the nozzle of the filling hose shall be lowered to the bottom. The nozzle, hose and drum shall be earthed.
128. Filling of flammable and combustible liquids into drums placed directly on motor vehicles shall not be permitted.
129. Stations for the filling and packaging of petroleum products into containers shall be connected to the main pipelines by means of shut-off valves with remote and (or) local control. The choice of valve control shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
130. Loading and unloading platforms (ramps) equipped with mechanised equipment shall be located in front of the premises of stations for the filling and packaging of petroleum products into containers.
131. Dispensing tanks containing petroleum products with a unit capacity of up to and including 25 cubic metres, with a total capacity of up to 200 cubic metres, depending on the type of petroleum products dispensed, are placed in the premises of filling and packaging stations: provided that vapours from the tanks are vented beyond the premises and the intake devices of the supply ventilation; at a distance of 2 metres from a solid wall (without openings) of the premises; where containment devices (kerbs) are present that limit the area of a petroleum product spill.
132. All process operations for the receipt, storage and filling of petroleum products into containers are carried out in accordance with the documents (standards, regulations, production instructions, process charts) approved by the operating organisation and with these Rules.
133. Structures (installations) consisting of pipes, pipeline parts and components, including pipeline valves, bends, reducers, tees, flanges and components for the fastening, protection and compensation of the pipeline (supports, hangers, expansion joints, bolts, washers, gaskets), tightly and firmly connected to each other (hereinafter referred to as process pipelines), intended for the transfer of oil, petroleum products and used petroleum products and providing, within the hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, for the performance of process operations and the operation of equipment, as well as petroleum product pipelines through which petroleum products are supplied to nearby organisations (between the depot and oil refining facilities, loading jetties and free-standing railway and road loading racks), shall be carried on the balance sheet of the organisations operating the hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots.
134. The operation and servicing of process pipelines shall ensure their compliance with the requirements of the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) throughout the entire period of operation of the process pipelines.
135. Organisations operating process pipelines shall ensure their safe operation and supervision of the performance of inspections and repairs, as well as of the assessment of their conformity with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities".
136. The service life, category and group of a process pipeline shall be determined in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
137. Steel pipelines shall be used for the transportation of oil and petroleum products. The use of pipes made of glass, as well as of combustible and low-combustibility materials (fluoroplastic, polyethylene, unplasticised PVC), shall not be permitted.
138. For newly constructed and reconstructed fuelling complexes of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, process pipelines for jet engine fuel shall be made of low-carbon steel with internal and external anti-corrosion coating or of corrosion-resistant steels. Where process pipelines are laid underground, electrochemical corrosion protection shall additionally be provided.
139. The use of materials made of copper and cadmium alloys and of galvanised steel in the structures of pipelines for aviation fuels shall not be permitted.
140. Process pipelines laid on the territory of oil and petroleum product depots shall ensure their safe operation and the performance of servicing, repair and replacement work.
141. Process pipelines shall be made of electric-welded and seamless pipes, including pipes with anti-corrosion coating. Pipes shall be selected depending on the properties of the fire- and explosion-hazardous substances transported and the operating parameters, and the selection shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
142. Connections between pipelines shall be welded. Where viscous and congealing petroleum products are pumped through process pipelines, the installation of flanged connections with gaskets made of non-combustible materials at valve locations and at connections to equipment is justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
143. Where the pressure in process pipelines may rise above the design pressure, safety valves shall be installed on them, and discharges from these valves shall be directed into closed process systems or emergency discharge tanks. The technical solutions for the installation of safety valves and for discharges into closed process systems or emergency discharge tanks shall be established in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
144. Measures for emptying pipelines of petroleum products shall be provided for in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). The formation of dead-end and stagnant zones in process pipelines shall not be permitted.
145. Process pipelines shall be laid with a slope so that they can be emptied during shutdowns. The value of the adopted pipeline slope shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
146. Inert gas or steam for purging process pipelines shall be supplied at the initial and end points of the pipeline. For this purpose, nozzles with valves and a blank shall be provided.
147. Process pipelines for pumping viscous products shall have external heating. Steam, industrial heating water and electric heating may be used as heat transfer media. Where electric heating by means of strip heaters is used, the heaters shall be of explosion-protected design. The choice of the type of heat transfer medium and the method of heating shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) depending on the type of product pumped, its physical and chemical properties and fire and explosion hazard indicators, and the climatic conditions.
148. Seamless steel pipes made of killed carbon and low-alloy steels shall be used for the transportation of fuel oil through process pipelines.
149. Thermal deformations of pipelines for the transportation of fuel oil shall be compensated by turns and bends in the pipeline route or by the installation of special compensating devices (U-shaped expansion joints).
150. The use of gland-type, lens-type and corrugated expansion joints on process pipelines for the transportation of fuel oil shall not be permitted.
151. Shut-off and (or) isolating valves shall be installed on process pipelines for the transportation of oil and petroleum products in accordance with the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). The leakage class of the valve closure shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) on the basis of the physical and chemical properties of the petroleum products transferred.
152. Shut-off valves installed on process pipelines with a nominal diameter of more than 400 millimetres shall have a mechanical actuator (electric, pneumatic or hydraulic) with remote control and manual back-up.
153. The design of seals, gland packings, gasket materials and the installation of flanged connections on process pipelines shall ensure the necessary degree of leak-tightness throughout the period between repairs of the process system.
154. Oil and petroleum product pumping installations (stations) with a pump unit or a group of pump units may be of the closed type (in buildings) or of the open type (under canopies).
155. In open pumping stations located under canopies, the area of the side enclosures installed in them shall be not more than 50 per cent of the total area of the side being enclosed (measured in height from the floor to the projecting part of the floor slab or roof of the pumping station). The protective side enclosures of open pumping stations shall be made of non-combustible materials and, for reasons of natural ventilation, shall fall short of the floor and the roof (floor slab) of the pumping station by at least 0.3 metres. In open pumping installations (stations), floor heating shall be provided where justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). Floor heating devices shall ensure a temperature of not less than plus 5 degrees Celsius on the floor surface of the pumping installation (station) at the mean temperature of the coldest five-day period.
156. Pump units shall ensure safe operation throughout their entire service life. Glandless centrifugal pumps with mechanical seals shall be used for pumping flammable and combustible liquids. The type of mechanical seal (single, single with an additional seal, double) shall be determined by the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) depending on the physical and chemical properties of the media pumped. Where double mechanical seals are used, non-combustible liquids and (or) liquids neutral to the medium pumped shall be used as the barrier fluid. For pumping flammable and combustible liquids at low volumetric feed rates, including in dosing systems, other types of pumps (piston, plunger, diaphragm, screw, gear) may be used where the adopted technical solution is justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). When pumps are selected, the technical requirements for the safety of equipment for operation in explosive atmospheres and the requirements of these Rules, as well as of the manufacturer's technical documentation, shall be taken into account.
157. The installation of a check valve shall be provided for on the discharge pipeline to prevent the substances transported from moving in the reverse direction.
158. The choice of the method for limiting the maximum feed rate of flammable and combustible liquids within the regulated values shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) (provision of a bypass line for diverting part of the petroleum product into the pump suction pipeline, installation of a variable frequency electric drive for the pump).
159. Pump units shall be equipped with automation systems ensuring their operation in accordance with the requirements of the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) and the manufacturer's technical documentation.
160. Pump units pumping oil and petroleum products shall have remote shutdown from the control room (operator room) and locally.
161. Vibration condition monitoring of the vibration level of pump units shall be established by the operating organisation to ensure their safe operation.
162. Start-up and operation of pump units without guards on moving parts shall not be permitted.
163. In closed pumping stations, floors shall be made of non-combustible materials resistant to petroleum products. Drainage trays shall be arranged in the floors. The trays shall be impermeable to water and petroleum products and shall be covered. The trays shall be connected to the sewerage system through water seals, with a constant slope towards the sewerage system.
164. Pumping stations shall be sited in accordance with the requirements of the legislation on urban planning, technical regulations, the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) and these Rules. The arrangement of pumps, pipelines and valves in the premises of pumping stations shall ensure the safe performance of their maintenance, examination, repair and installation (dismantling).
165. For hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots that are being designed or reconstructed, the construction of buried pumping stations shall not be permitted.
166. Where pump units pumping petroleum products that are high-viscosity, water-containing or congealing at outdoor air temperature are installed in open areas, requirements ensuring the continuity of their operation shall be complied with (thermal insulation, heating of pumps and pipelines, availability of systems for purging, flushing and steaming of pumps and pipelines).
167. The casings of pumps pumping flammable and combustible liquids shall be earthed independently of the earthing of the electric motors mounted on the same frame as the pumps.
168. In pumping installations (stations) of the closed and open type, means for automatic monitoring of the gas content of the premises in the pump house building and in the working area of open pumping installations (stations) shall be installed on the basis of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation (LCLFP), with a signal (light and sound) transmitted to the control room (operator room) when the concentration of combustible gases and petroleum product vapours reaches 20 per cent by volume of the LCLFP. In closed-type pump houses, the gas contamination signal for the premises is additionally located at the entrance to the pump house building. The choice of the installation location and number of gas detectors for the premises in the pump house building and in the working area of open pumping installations (stations) shall be justified in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). In closed-type pump houses, emergency ventilation is activated when combustible gases and petroleum product vapours reach 20 per cent by volume of the LCLFP. When combustible gases and petroleum product vapours reach 50 per cent by volume of the LCLFP, automatic shutdown of the pump units for pumping petroleum products shall be provided for. All cases of gas contamination shall be recorded by devices with automatic recording and shall be documented.
169. Closed pumping stations shall be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. The provision of a closed pumping station with emergency ventilation is determined by the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) depending on the physical and chemical properties of the petroleum products pumped.
170. The premises of pumping stations shall be equipped with lifting devices for the repair of process equipment.
171. Each pump unit shall have a manufacturer's passport, in which all information on repairs and the replacement of components is entered. The service life of the pump unit shall be specified in its passport.
172. Installation, adjustment and testing of pumps shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) and the manufacturer's technical documentation.
173. Automation systems, including those supplied complete with equipment, shall comply with the requirements of technical regulations, of the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety developed in accordance with the requirements of Part 3 of Article 4 of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities", and of these Rules.
174. The list of actuation settings of interlocks and alarms for the performance of the process operations provided for in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) is approved by the operating organisation.
175. Electrical devices of automation, communication and warning systems in the explosion- and fire-hazardous zones of production premises and outdoor installations shall comply with the requirements of TR CU 012/2011.
176. Instrumentation installed in the open air shall be placed in closed cabinets. The need for heating of cabinets containing instrumentation installed in the open air shall be substantiated in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
177. Control and monitoring of the processes of pumping oil and petroleum products through pipelines, as well as of unloading and loading, shall be carried out centrally from the control room (operator rooms and (or) the dispatch room).
178. Conducting process operations and operating equipment with faulty or disconnected instruments forming part of automation systems shall not be permitted.
179. For the period of replacement of automation system elements, measures and means shall be provided to ensure the safety of process operations in manual mode. These measures and means for conducting process operations in manual mode shall be specified in the instruction on conducting process operations approved by the operating organisation.
180. The use in automation, communication and warning systems of instruments that have completed their assigned service life shall not be permitted.
181. When process operations are conducted during the storage and pumping of petroleum products, the values of the limit parameters established in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) are specified in the instruction for conducting these operations approved by the operating organisation.
182. All measuring instruments shall be subject to verification and (or) calibration in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 102-FZ of 26 June 2008 "On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 26, Article 3021; 2019, No. 52, Article 7814).
183. The power supply of electric power consumers, by reliability category, of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots shall be substantiated in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
184. To ensure an uninterrupted power supply in the event of cessation of electricity supply from the main power source, means for automatic changeover from the main power source to the standby source shall be used.
185. The laying of cable routes shall be carried out by the open method in locations that exclude exposure to high temperatures and mechanical damage. Electric cables laid across the territory of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots shall have insulation and sheathing made of materials that do not propagate combustion.
186. Openings in walls and floors for the passage of electric cables and pipes shall be tightly sealed with non-combustible materials.
187. At hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, cable routes and process pipelines may be laid on shared building structures where the adopted technical solutions are substantiated in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
188. For the temporary lighting of explosion- and fire-hazardous premises and open areas of apparatus, valves and equipment, portable lamps of explosion-protected design shall be used.
189. Electrical equipment for outdoor installations that is located outside the explosion-hazardous zone shall be of enclosed or enclosed fan-cooled design with protection against atmospheric effects, taking climatic factors into account.
190. On the territory of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, electrified transport (self-propelled battery trucks (electric carts), electric forklifts and tractors) of explosion-protected design shall be used for moving packaged goods.
191. When operating electrified lifting structures (load-lifting cranes, electric hoists, winches), the use of trolley wires and open current collectors in premises of explosion-hazardous categories shall not be permitted.
192. Devices for connecting mobile and portable electrical equipment shall be located outside explosion-hazardous zones.
193. The type and placement of lightning protection devices are selected by the designer at the design stage of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots. Protection against direct lightning strikes, its secondary effects and the carry-over of high potential through surface (above-ground) and underground metal utilities shall comply with the requirements of technical regulations and of the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety developed in accordance with the requirements of part 3 of Article 4 of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities".
194. The breather fittings of tanks containing flammable liquids and the space above them, as well as the space above the neck rim of tank cars containing flammable liquids during open filling of the product at the filling rack, bounded by a cylinder 2.5 metres in height and 5 metres in radius, shall be protected against direct lightning strikes.
195. To protect buildings (structures) and electrical equipment from secondary effects of lightning, the following measures shall be provided: the metal structures and bodies of all equipment and apparatus located in the protected building (structure) shall be connected to the earthing device of the electrical installations; in the joints of pipeline elements or other extended metal objects, a contact resistance of not more than 0.03 Ohm per contact shall be ensured.
196. Earthed metal equipment coated with paint and varnish materials is considered electrostatically earthed if the resistance of any point of its internal and external surface relative to the earthing main does not exceed 10 Ohm. Measurement of this resistance shall be carried out at a relative humidity of the ambient air of not more than 60 per cent, and the contact area of the measuring electrode with the equipment surface shall not exceed 20 square centimetres. During measurements the electrode shall be positioned at the points of the equipment surface most distant from the points of contact of the surface with earthed metal elements, parts and fittings.
197. Connections of air terminals to down conductors and of down conductors to earth electrodes shall be made by welding; where hot work is impermissible, bolted connections with a contact resistance of not more than 0.05 Ohm may be made, subject to mandatory annual checking of the resistance before the start of the thunderstorm season.
198. Earth electrodes and down conductors are subjected to monitoring, opening-up and checking for corrosion damage at least once every 5 years. Opening-up and checking of earth electrodes and down conductors for corrosion damage is carried out selectively, depending on the corrosive activity of the soils, in the scope established by the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation). The results of the checks and examinations carried out are entered in the passport of the lightning protection device.
199. To protect against the effects of static electricity, the following shall be earthed: surface tanks for flammable and combustible liquids and other liquids that are dielectrics and capable, upon evaporation, of forming explosive vapour-air mixtures; surface pipelines every 200 metres and additionally at each branch, with each branch connected to an earth electrode; the metal caps and nozzles of flexible hoses for the unloading and loading of oil and petroleum products; the railway rails of unloading-loading sections, electrically interconnected, as well as the metal structures of unloading-loading racks on both sides along their length; the metal structures of road tanker filling devices; all mechanisms and equipment of pumping stations for pumping petroleum products; the metal air ducts and insulation casings of ventilation systems in explosion-hazardous premises every 40 - 50 metres.
200. The earthing device for protection against static electricity shall be combined with the earthing devices for the protection of electrical equipment and lightning protection. The resistance of an earthing device intended solely for protection against static electricity shall be not more than 100 Ohm.
201. The interconnection of fixed metal structures (tanks, pipelines), as well as their connection to earth electrodes, shall be made of strip steel with a cross-section of not less than 48 square millimetres or round steel with a diameter of more than 6 millimetres, by welding or by means of bolts.
202. Rubber hoses with metal tips used for filling liquids into railway and road tank cars, tank vessels and other mobile vessels and apparatus shall be earthed (wound with copper wire of not less than 2 millimetres in diameter or copper cord of not less than 6 square millimetres in cross-section, with a winding pitch of not more than 100 millimetres). One end of the wire (or cord) is connected by soldering (or by a bolt) to the metal earthed parts of the pipeline, and the other to the metal tip of the hose. The hose tips shall be made of a metal that does not produce sparks on impact.
203. Protection against electrostatic induction shall be ensured by connecting all equipment and apparatus located in buildings, structures and installations to the protective earthing circuit.
204. To protect against electromagnetic induction, between pipelines and other extended metal objects (the framework of the structure, metal sheaths of cables without an outer covering) laid in an explosion-hazardous zone inside a building (structure), at the places where they approach each other to a distance of 10 centimetres or less, metal jumpers shall be welded or soldered on every 20 metres of length so as to prevent the formation of open loops. The jumpers shall be made of steel wire with a diameter of not less than 5 millimetres or steel strip with a cross-section of not less than 24 square millimetres.
205. To protect against the carry-over of high potentials through underground metal utilities (pipelines, electric cables, including those laid in channels and tunnels), the utilities shall be connected, at the point of entry into the structure, to the earth electrode of the electrical installations or to the earth electrode for protection against direct lightning strikes.
206. The selection of devices intended for secondary effects of lightning and used to protect buildings and structures against static electricity shall be substantiated in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
207. Lightning conductors shall bear warning notices prohibiting approaching them during a thunderstorm to a distance of less than 4 metres.
208. For the safe conduct of process operations with oil and petroleum products, personnel shall be provided with systems of two-way loudspeaker communication or telephone communication, or radio communication.
209. The list of production sections and structural subdivisions with which communication is established, as well as the types of communication, are determined by the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
210. At all sites of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, technical means shall be provided to give warning of the detection of emergency releases of combustible vapours or spills of oil and petroleum products.
211. The organisation and procedure for warning, and the actions of workers in the event of accidents, are established by the plans of actions for the localisation and elimination of the consequences of accidents, developed and approved in accordance with the procedure established by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1437 of 15 September 2020 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2020, No. 38, Article 5904).
212. Ventilation systems shall, in their purpose, arrangement, technical characteristics, design, maintenance and operating conditions, comply with the requirements of technical regulations and these Rules.
213. In production premises, the air exchange of ventilation systems shall ensure that the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area is below the maximum permissible concentration, and that of fire- and explosion-hazardous substances and gases is below the lower concentration limit of flame propagation (LCLFP).
214. Emergency ventilation shall be provided for production premises in which a sudden ingress of hazardous substances is possible.
215. Emergency ventilation systems shall be switched on automatically by the systems monitoring gas contamination of the air in the premises. In addition to automatic switching-on, manual switching-on (local and remote from the control room) shall be provided.
216. Air intake devices for supply ventilation systems shall be arranged to draw air from places that exclude the entry of hazardous substances into the ventilation system.
217. Equipment of supply systems for premises of explosion- and fire-hazardous categories may be installed in ordinary design if explosion-protected non-return valves are provided on the air ducts at the outlet from the ventilation chamber.
218. Ventilation equipment, metal pipelines and air ducts of heating and ventilation systems shall be earthed.
219. For ventilation systems the following shall be provided: automatic switching-on of emergency ventilation when the concentration of combustible gases and petroleum product vapours in the premises reaches 20 per cent by volume of the LCLFP; an alarm for a drop in the pressure ensuring guaranteed air pressurisation of the premises and air pressurisation of the air lock; signalling of the operation of ventilation systems with a signal transmitted to the control room; automatic protection of air heaters against freezing; automatic shutdown of ventilation systems in the event of fire in premises equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing or fire alarm system; automatic switching-on of the standby fan of ventilation systems upon failure of the operating fan, with a signal indicating that the standby has been switched on.
220. Water supply and sewerage systems shall comply with the requirements of legislation on urban planning activities and of technical regulations.
221. The power supply of the units of water supply systems shall be ensured at the same reliability category as that of the water-consuming facilities at hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots.
222. Pumping stations of industrial sewerage buried to a depth of more than 0.5 metres shall be equipped with gas contamination sensors with the signal transmitted to the panel of the control room. In the event that gas contamination of the pumping station reaches 20 per cent by volume of the LCLFP, emergency ventilation shall be switched on.
223. Examination and cleaning of water pipelines and of wells with underground hydrants shall be carried out according to a schedule, in compliance with the requirements of the instruction on organising the safe conduct of gas-hazardous work developed by the operating organisation.
224. The laying of transit water pipelines inside the bund of a group of tanks for the storage of oil and petroleum products shall not be permitted.
225. Sewerage systems shall ensure the removal and treatment of chemically contaminated, process, wash-down and other waste waters. The discharge of these effluents without preliminary local treatment shall not be permitted, except in cases where the operating organisation has its own treatment facilities and a trunk network intended to receive such effluents.
226. At the sites of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, the combining of industrial and storm sewerage systems shall be substantiated in the design documentation on the basis of the composition and quantity of industrial and rain (storm) waste waters.
227. The following types of waste waters shall be discharged into the industrial sewerage: bottom waters from the settling of oil and petroleum products; water cooling tanks during a fire; rainwater from open areas or bunds; ballast, flushing, under-sole and bilge waters from tank vessels; industrial effluents from process equipment and the laboratory.
228. The industrial waste water network shall be closed and made of non-combustible materials.
229. The discharge of fire- and explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous petroleum products into the sewerage, including in the event of accidents, shall not be permitted.
230. Waste waters from the cleaning-out and steaming of tanks for oil and petroleum products shall be conveyed to treatment facilities. The discharge of oil sludges into waste water sewerage networks shall not be permitted; oil sludges shall be conveyed to neutralisation units for subsequent disposal.
231. Gate valves on the outlets of storm sewerage from the territory of oil and petroleum product tank farms shall be kept in the closed position and sealed.
232. From tank farms of high-viscosity petroleum products (tar, bitumen), only rainwater shall be drained.
233. On waste water outlets from a group of tanks or from a single tank, outside the bund, wells shall be installed with gate valves placed in them, devices for operating the valves from the surface, and hydraulic seals. The height of the liquid column in the hydraulic seal shall be not less than 0.25 metres.
234. Direct connection of the sewerage of contaminated effluents to the domestic sewerage without hydraulic seals shall not be permitted. Where fire- and explosion-hazardous and toxic substances may enter the effluents, means of monitoring and signalling of their content shall be installed at the inlet to the collector of the treatment facilities, and measures shall be taken to exclude the entry of these substances into the domestic sewerage.
235. It shall not be permitted to locate wells on sewerage networks under the racks of process pipelines or within the kerbs and bunds of free-standing equipment containing explosion-hazardous products.
236. Examination and cleaning of sewerage wells, pipes, channels and hydraulic seals shall be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the technical documents on organising the safe conduct of gas-hazardous work developed by the operating organisation.
237. The temperature of industrial waste waters when discharged into the sewerage shall be not higher than 40 degrees Celsius.
238. Treatment facilities shall be provided with devices for measuring the flow rates of: waste waters entering the treatment facilities; treated waste waters.
239. On the sewerage network, upstream and downstream of oil traps, at a distance of not less than 10 metres, wells with a hydraulic seal shall be arranged. If a collector from several oil traps is arranged for the drainage of petroleum products, a well with a hydraulic seal shall be arranged at each connection to the collector.
240. Oil traps shall be made of non-combustible materials and shall be closed.
241. To monitor the quality of waste waters, sampling of waste waters with chemical analysis of the samples shall be organised.
242. Restoration work, including construction, installation and commissioning work, as well as equipment diagnostic work, shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety developed in accordance with the requirements of part 3 of Article 4 of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities", as well as of the documentation on organising the safe conduct of repair work developed by the operating organisation.
243. The scope, frequency and procedure for organising and carrying out maintenance and repair of equipment (including breather and safety valves), tanks and process pipelines, and of utility service systems, taking into account the specific operating conditions, are determined by the operating organisation in regulatory and technical documents in accordance with the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation) and the technical documentation of the manufacturers of the equipment and technical devices.
244. When examining steel tanks, the condition of the welds of the lower courses of the shell and of the bottom-to-shell joint of the tank shall be checked. If a leak of oil or petroleum products from a tank, or cracks in its welds or in the shell metal, are detected, the tank shall be taken out of service.
245. The results of monitoring of the technical condition of a tank shall be recorded in the log (the operational passport of the tank).
246. Systematic observation of the settlement of the foundation of each tank shall be established. In the first four years after a tank is put into operation (or until the settlement of the foundation has fully stabilised), levelling of the edge plate of the bottom in absolute elevations shall be carried out annually, at not fewer than eight points and at intervals of not more than 6 metres. The results shall be entered in the tank passport. In the event of impermissible non-uniform settlement, the tank shall be emptied of petroleum product and taken out of service.
247. Cleaning-out of railway tank cars and their preparation for filling are carried out at special points (stations).
248. Cleaning-out of tanks and containers is carried out by the operating personnel of the operating organisation or by a specialised organisation.
249. All metal tanks shall undergo periodic cleaning-out: at least twice a year - for aviation petrol (jet engine fuel) (where purification means with a filtration fineness of not more than 40 micrometres are available on the filling line, tanks may be cleaned out not less than once a year, and, subject to this condition, for tanks with an internal anti-corrosion coating - at least once every three years); at least once every two years - for other light petroleum products and oils. The procedure and time limits for the cleaning-out of tanks for oil and fuel oils are determined by the operating organisation depending on the conditions for preserving the quality of the stored product and the operation of the tanks. In the case of long-term storage of petroleum products, cleaning-out of metal tanks shall be carried out after their emptying in accordance with the schedule established by the operating organisation. Metal tanks shall undergo cleaning-out: when being prepared for repair; when being prepared for filling with petroleum products of a higher quality than those previously stored in them.
250. The electrical equipment of cleaning-out units used in the cleaning-out of tanks shall be of explosion-protected design and shall correspond to the category and group of the explosive mixture, as well as to the class of the explosion-hazardous zone.
251. When cleaning out tanks in which sulphurous oils and petroleum products were stored, measures shall be provided to exclude spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric deposits. The procedure for the safe conduct of work on the cleaning and deactivation of pyrophoric deposits of tanks and equipment shall be set out in a separate instruction developed with account taken of industrial safety requirements and approved by the operating organisation.
252. Removal of petroleum product vapours from a tank down to an explosion-safe concentration is achieved by washing the tank with special aqueous solutions using special equipment for mechanised cleaning-out, or by steaming, as well as by ventilation (forced or natural) of the tank after the above operations have been carried out.
253. Ventilation of a tank shall be carried out with all hatches open. For forced ventilation of the vapour-air space of a tank, fans of non-sparking design with electric motors of explosion-protected design, or steam ejectors, shall be used. The fan casing shall be earthed.
254. When installing temporary pipeline arrangements associated with pumping out residue, steaming, purging and washing using temporary power supply arrangements and electrical equipment, the latter (portable pump, starters, knife switches) shall be of explosion-protected design.
255. Pipelines intended for the steaming, purging, washing and cleaning of a tank shall be either removable, and installed before these operations are carried out, or stationary, with inter-flange blanks installed on them during operation of the tank. Upon completion of the work, the removable pipelines shall be dismantled, stored outside the bund of the tank farm and protected from the effects of atmospheric precipitation.
256. Equipment cleaning-out work shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of the technical documents on organising the safe conduct of gas-hazardous work developed by the operating organisation.
257. Rectification of faults on operating equipment shall not be permitted.
258. Before oil and petroleum product unloading and loading operations are performed, an examination of the unloading-loading and dispensing devices shall be carried out. The results of the examination shall be entered in the shift handover log. Shift handover logs may be kept in electronic form without duplication on paper, provided that conditions are ensured that exclude the possibility of unauthorised alteration of the information in the log, and that the electronic signatures of the responsible persons are used in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Electronic Signature".
259. The serviceable condition of lightning protection devices shall be confirmed during periodic monitoring and extraordinary examinations.
260. All repairs of lightning protection devices shall be completed before the start of the thunderstorm season (in April).
261. Technical devices, equipment and tanks that have completed their service life shall be subject to industrial safety expert review in accordance with the requirements of Articles 7 and 13 of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities". Operation of technical devices, equipment and tanks whose service life has expired without a positive conclusion of an industrial safety expert review shall not be permitted.
262. All technical devices operated at hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots shall have manufacturer's passports and certificates or declarations of conformity with the requirements of technical regulations confirming their compliance with the mandatory requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation, or a conclusion of an industrial safety expert review.
263. When carrying out repair work on the territory of oil and petroleum product depots in explosion-hazardous zones, non-sparking tools shall be used.
264. Gas-hazardous work associated with preparing equipment for repair and with performing repair shall be carried out in compliance with the instruction on organising the safe conduct of gas-hazardous work developed and approved by the operating organisation. When welding work (electric welding, gas welding, soldering and surfacing) is performed in the course of hot work at hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, the instruction on organising the safe conduct of hot work developed and approved by the operating organisation shall be followed.
265. Repair work on equipment and technical devices may be performed by a contractor organisation engaged in service maintenance. The managers and workers of the contractor organisation shall be attested in the field of industrial safety to the extent of the requirements necessary for the performance of their job duties.
266. Stationary or mobile lifting structures shall be provided for the lifting and moving of equipment and its individual assemblies.
267. Space-planning solutions for the placement of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots shall comply with the requirements of legislation on urban planning activities and of technical regulations.
268. All underground utilities and cable routes shall have identification signs making it possible to determine their location and purpose.
269. At hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, the availability of as-built documentation shall be ensured, including as-built diagrams and profiles of sections of utility service networks. When reconstruction of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots is carried out, or new facilities are placed and existing ones liquidated, the operating organisation transfers to the design organisation the as-built diagrams and profiles of sections of utility service networks, as well as the situational plan of the hazardous production facility.
270. It shall not be permitted to carry out earthworks on the territory of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots without a permit to work issued in accordance with the requirements of the instruction on organising the safe conduct of earthworks developed and approved by the operating organisation.
271. On the territory of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, an instrument determining the direction and speed of the wind shall be installed. The choice of the installation location of the instrument shall be substantiated in the design documentation (technical re-equipment documentation).
272. Obstruction and contamination of roads, driveways, passageways and approaches to fire-fighting equipment, means of fire extinguishing, communication and signalling shall not be permitted.
273. The territory of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots shall be enclosed along the perimeter by a non-combustible fence and equipped with security alarm systems in accordance with the design documentation. Fencing is not required for hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots located within the common outer fence of the production site of enterprises constructed in accordance with the design documentation.
274. Roads for motor transport, pedestrian pavements, bridges and crossover bridges over pipelines and bunds shall meet the requirements of legislation on urban planning activities.
275. On the territory of hazardous production facilities of oil and petroleum product depots, a diagram of the organisation of traffic on the territory shall be displayed at the entry checkpoint, and the maximum speed of vehicles shall be indicated. The procedure for the entry and exit of vehicles to and from the territory is determined by the operating organisation. When determining this procedure, priority shall be given to organising one-way traffic.