Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Rostechnadzor) No. 461 of 26 November 2020
Unofficial translation. Only the Russian original published in the official sources of the Russian Federation has legal force. This translation is provided for reference and does not replace the official document.
1. These Federal Norms and Rules in the field of industrial safety "Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Lifting Facilities" (hereinafter - FNR) have been developed in accordance with Federal Law No. 116-FZ of 21 July 1997 "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1997, No. 30, Art. 3588; 2018, No. 31, Art. 4860) (hereinafter - Federal Law No. 116-FZ). The FNR establish the necessary requirements for activities in the field of industrial safety at hazardous production facilities (hereinafter - HPF) using permanently installed load-lifting mechanisms and lifting facilities (hereinafter - LF), including requirements for the workers of such HPF; for the safety of technological processes at HPF using LF, including the procedure for actions in the event of an accident or incident at a hazardous production facility. The provisions of these FNR apply to organisations regardless of their legal form, and to individual entrepreneurs carrying out activities in the field of industrial safety of HPF using LF within the territory of the Russian Federation and in other territories over which the Russian Federation exercises jurisdiction in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the norms of international law.
2. The requirements of these FNR apply to ensuring the industrial safety of HPF using the following LF and equipment used together with LF: (a) load-lifting cranes of all types; (b) bridge-type stacker cranes; (c) pipelayer cranes; (d) manipulator cranes; (e) construction hoists; (f) hoists (towers) intended for moving persons, or persons and loads (hoists with working platforms); (g) electric load trolleys travelling along overhead rail tracks together with a control cabin; (h) electric chain hoists; (i) excavator cranes intended for work with a hook; (j) interchangeable load-handling attachments and removable load-handling devices (hooks, grabs, magnets, spreaders, lifting beams, grippers, slings) used together with LF for lifting and moving loads; (k) load-handling containers, with the exception of special containers used in metallurgical production (ladles, moulds) and in sea and river ports; (l) special removable cabins and cradles suspended from the load-handling attachments of cranes and used for lifting and transporting persons; (m) rail tracks (for supported and suspended LF travelling on rails). Lifting operations by self-propelled cranes, manipulator cranes and hoists (towers) shall be carried out only on sites specially prepared for these purposes, whereby the crane installations, manipulator-crane installations and the lifting installations of the hoists (towers) are permanently fixed to the chassis or frame.
3. The requirements of these FNR do not apply to ensuring the safety of facilities using the following LF: (a) used in the interests of the defence and security of the State, civil and territorial defence, or classified as armament and military equipment, except for LF of general industrial purpose listed in paragraph 3 of these FNR and intended only for transporting ordinary loads, and except for LF used at HPF operated by organisations of the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" (hereinafter - Rosatom State Corporation) in the development, manufacture, testing, operation and disposal of nuclear weapons and nuclear installations for military purposes; (b) specially designed for use at atomic energy facilities being commissioned, operated and decommissioned, in the handling of nuclear materials, nuclear fuel, radioactive substances, radioactive waste, radiation sources and their movement, and in the movement of loads in premises (zones) housing systems and components important for the safety of atomic energy facilities; (c) manually driven; lifts, cable cars, funiculars, escalators, floor-type, charging and setting load-lifting machines, electric and motor forklift trucks, track-laying and bridge-laying machines, lifting complexes for car parking, car tow trucks; (d) installed in mines and on any floating craft; (e) intended for work only with attachment equipment (vibratory pile drivers, sheet-pile extractors, drilling equipment); (f) erection pulley blocks and the structures from which they are suspended (masts, beams, shear legs); (g) cranes for raising and lowering the gates of hydraulic engineering structures without engaging them with hooks, equipped with a single lifting mechanism and not fitted with a crane travelling mechanism; (h) jacks; (i) manipulators used in technological processes; (j) hoists (towers) intended for moving persons, or persons and loads (hoists with working platforms) with a lifting height of up to and including 6 m; (k) intended for work only as amusement rides using cabins (cradles) with persons; (l) bridge-type cranes and cantilever cranes with a lifting capacity of up to and including 10 t, controlled from the floor by means of a push-button device suspended from the crane or from a stationary control panel, and also controlled remotely via a radio channel or other communication line, with the exception of bridge-type cranes having control cabins; (m) jib-type cranes with a lifting capacity of up to and including 1 t; (n) jib-type cranes with a fixed radius or not fitted with a slewing mechanism; (o) repositionable cranes for the erection of masts, towers and chimneys, installed on the structure being erected; (p) LF used for training purposes at the training grounds of educational institutions; (q) cranes installed on excavators, crushing-and-transfer units, spreaders and other technological machines, used only for the repair of these machines; (r) electric chain hoists with a lifting capacity of up to and including 10 t, used as independent LF; (s) manipulator cranes installed on a foundation, and manipulator cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 1 t or with a load moment of up to and including 4 t·m; (t) goods construction hoists; (u) bridge-type stacker cranes; (v) pipelayer cranes.
4. Confirmation of conformity of LF subject to the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Machinery and Equipment" (TR CU 010/2011), approved by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 823 of 18 October 2011 (official website of the Customs Union Commission http://www.tsouz.ru/, 21 October 2011) <1>, is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the specified technical regulations, with the exception of LF used at HPF operated by organisations of the Rosatom State Corporation, the confirmation of conformity of which is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the standardisation documents for nuclear weapons products and intended for the development, manufacture, testing, operation and disposal of nuclear weapons and nuclear installations for military purposes. ---------- <1> As amended by Decisions of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 250 of 4 December 2012 (official website of the Eurasian Economic Commission http://www.tsouz.ru/, 5 December 2012), No. 73 of 13 May 2014 (official website of the Eurasian Economic Commission http://www.eurasiancommission.org/, 14 May 2014), No. 119 of 25 October 2016 (official website of the Eurasian Economic Union http://www.eaeunion.org/, 27 October 2016). It is binding on the Russian Federation in accordance with the Treaty Establishing the Eurasian Economic Community of 10 October 2000 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 7, Art. 632); the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of 29 May 2014, ratified by Federal Law No. 279-FZ of 3 October 2014 "On the Ratification of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2014, No. 40, Art. 5310) (hereinafter - Technical Regulations TR CU 010/2011).
5. The requirements of these FNR shall be mandatory for application at all stages of the life cycle of LF and of equipment used together with LF that were placed on the market before the entry into force of Technical Regulations TR CU 010/2011, and also to other LF and equipment used together with LF, to the extent not contradicting the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation.
6. General requirements for the transportation and storage of LF, their individual assembly units, materials and components for their repair, reconstruction (a change in the design of the LF or of its main performance indicators, entailing the need to amend the data sheet), re-equipment of the LF for work with other load-handling attachments or load-handling devices, as well as other changes causing a redistribution and change of loads on the design elements of the metal structure and (or) drives) and (or) modernisation (a change or improvement meeting modern requirements).
7. General requirements for the disposal (elimination) of LF shall comply with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) of the LF and of Technical Regulations TR CU 010/2011.
8. The purpose of these FNR is to create an organisational basis for ensuring the industrial safety of HPF using LF, aimed at preventing and/or minimising the consequences of accidents and incidents, taking into account the individual risk of loss of life and health of persons involved in the processes of installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation, including the servicing, repair, reconstruction, modernisation and disposal (elimination) of LF. The preparation and maintenance of the logbooks, data sheets, work orders (permits to work), reports and other documentation provided for by these FNR in the course of the operation and servicing of LF may be carried out in electronic form, provided that the requirements for their content are observed.
9. For the prevention and (or) minimisation of the consequences of accidents and incidents at HPF, taking into account the possible loss of life and (or) health of persons in the processes listed in paragraph 9 of these FNR, the following general principles (requirements) of the industrial safety of LF shall be complied with: (a) conformity of the rated load and height characteristics of the LF to the requirements of the technological process; (b) conformity of the classification group (duty group) of the LF, and of the classification groups of the mechanisms installed on the LF, to the requirements of the technological process served by the LF; (c) conformity of the strength, rigidity, local or overall stability and balance (the latter only for the jibs of LF having a balancing system in their design) of the metal-structure elements and mechanisms of the LF to the loads in the working and non-working states. These conformities shall be maintained throughout the entire temperature range of the working and non-working states of the LF, and also taking into account external actions, including the action of explosion- and fire-hazardous and chemically aggressive environments, loads from wind (for the wind region of installation), snow and ice (for LF installed in the open air) and possible loads from seismic actions (for LF installed in seismically active regions). Where the data sheet of the LF contains no entry on the conformity of the LF to the wind region and the seismicity of the region of installation, this information may be confirmed by the manufacturer of the LF with the provision of calculations of the wind load and seismic resistance of the LF; (d) conformity of the equipping of the LF with recorders, limiters and indicators specified in the data sheet of the LF, and to the requirements for ensuring the safety of the technological process served by the LF; (e) conformity of the actual service life of the LF (the service life is calculated from the day of manufacture of the LF) to that specified by the manufacturer of the LF, if the actual service life has not been extended following an industrial safety examination; (f) conformity of the strength, rigidity and stability of the building structures (including buildings, structures, rail tracks and (or) the sites of installation of the LF) to the loads from the installed LF, taking into account loads from other technological machines and equipment; (g) conformity to the industrial safety requirements in the processes of installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation, including the repair, reconstruction and elimination of LF, set out in these FNR; (h) conformity to the procedure for actions in the event of an accident or incident with the LF, defined in the operating manual (instructions) of the LF, and to the requirements set out in paragraphs 252 to 253 of these FNR.
10. Activities involving the installation (dismantling), commissioning, repair, reconstruction or modernisation of LF in the course of the operation of an HPF are carried out by specialised organisations that perform at least one of the following types of work: the development of work execution plans, technological charts and slinging schemes for facilities using load-lifting cranes, manipulator cranes, hoists (towers) and construction hoists; the servicing, installation (dismantling), repair, reconstruction (modernisation) and commissioning of LF and (or) recorders, limiters, indicators, remote-control systems of LF, and electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic equipment of LF; the servicing, installation (dismantling), repair, reconstruction (modernisation) and commissioning of the rail tracks along which LF travel; the conduct of technical inspections, non-destructive testing, technical diagnostics and industrial safety examination of LF; the conduct of comprehensive surveys of rail tracks (hereinafter - specialised organisations). The specific list of the requirements of this section of the FNR for a specialised organisation is determined by the types, kinds and models of LF and the technological processes declared by the specialised organisation for its subsequent activities.
11. Changes to the design of LF and (or) of the equipment of LF used at HPF operated by organisations of the Rosatom State Corporation in the development, manufacture, testing, operation and disposal of nuclear weapons and nuclear installations for military purposes, arising during their repair, reconstruction or modernisation, shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the standardisation documents for nuclear weapons products, and of the processes and other objects of standardisation associated with such products.
12. The management structure in a specialised organisation shall provide each worker with a specific field of activity and the limits of his authority.
13. The allocation of responsibility of the workers of the organisation shall be defined in the regulations on control over compliance with the technological processes of the specialised organisation.
14. A specialised organisation shall: have the necessary personnel, as well as engineering and technical workers authorised to perform their duties, including the identification of cases of deviation from the requirements for the quality of work and from the procedures for carrying out work, and to take measures to prevent or reduce such deviations; determine the procedures for control over compliance with the technological processes; establish the responsibility, authority and interrelationships of the workers engaged in the management, performance or verification of the performance of work.
15. The technological preparation of production and the production process in a specialised organisation shall preclude the use of materials and products for which there are no certificates, data sheets and other documents confirming their quality.
16. A specialised organisation shall have the necessary materials, component products, tools, devices and equipment ensuring the ability to perform the declared types of work.
17. To ensure the technological processes for performing work on installation (dismantling), commissioning, repair, reconstruction and modernisation in the course of operation, established taking into account the operating manual (instructions) of the LF and the operational documents of the equipment forming part of it (where these documents are available), a specialised organisation, depending on the types of activity carried out, shall have: (a) sets of the necessary equipment for carrying out work on monitoring the technical condition of LF before and after the performance of work. For carrying out non-destructive testing work, a specialised organisation shall have or engage a certified laboratory, including where the installation, repair, reconstruction or modernisation is performed using welding; (b) a set of the necessary equipment for carrying out work on the cutting, straightening and welding of metal, and the necessary welding consumables; (c) monitoring and measuring instruments and equipment allowing commissioning work to be performed, the operability to be assessed, and the repair or adjustment of limiters, indicators, recorders and control systems of LF to be carried out; (d) monitoring and measuring instruments allowing the operability and adjustment of the equipment of the LF to be assessed; (e) equipment allowing plan-and-level surveying and the alignment of rail tracks to be performed (for LF travelling on rails); (f) sets of working drawings and documentation on the technologies for the repair of the metal structures of the LF being installed (repaired, reconstructed or modernised); (g) test programmes-and-procedures for the conduct of technical inspections of the LF being installed (repaired, reconstructed or modernised), and shall arrange the conduct of their testing upon completion of the work performed; (h) the necessary equipment for carrying out installation (dismantling) work (rigging and installation devices, load-lifting mechanisms, jacks, slings); (i) auxiliary equipment (scaffolding, guards) that may be used during the performance of work; (j) documentation for the LF whose installation (dismantling), commissioning, repair, reconstruction or modernisation is being carried out.
18. The measuring instruments used in the process of testing LF shall be verified or calibrated.
19. The workers (engineering and technical workers holding higher or secondary vocational education, and personnel - persons of the working trades) of the organisation directly engaged in the performance of work on installation (dismantling), commissioning or repair, reconstruction or modernisation in the course of operation shall meet the following requirements: (a) know the schemes and techniques for the installation (dismantling) of LF, undergo a knowledge assessment and hold a document confirming qualification (a certificate); (b) know the sources of hazards and be able to apply in practice the methods of protection against them; (c) know and be able to identify defects and damage of the metal structures, mechanisms, electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic equipment, control systems of LF and safety devices (limiters, indicators, recorders); (d) know and be able to perform commissioning work on the LF declared by the specialised organisation for the conduct of its activities; (e) be able to apply in practice the technologies for the repair and restoration of the units and parts of LF, electrical and hydraulic equipment, and of the limiters, indicators, recorders and control systems of LF; (f) know and be able to use, for the installation (dismantling) of LF, rigging and installation devices, load-lifting mechanisms and slings corresponding in lifting capacity to the masses of the elements being installed (dismantled); (g) be able to apply the procedure established in the organisation for the exchange of prearranged signals between the worker directing the installation (dismantling) and the rest of the personnel engaged in the installation (dismantling) of LF. Observe the practical requirement that all signals during the performance of the installation (dismantling) are given by only one worker (the foreman of the installation team, the team leader, the rigger-slinger), except for the "Stop" signal, which may be given by any worker who has noticed a hazard; (h) hold documents confirming the completion of vocational training; (i) know the methods for conducting tests of LF; (j) know and comply with the requirements of the operational documents relating to the declared types of work on LF; (k) be certified (engineering and technical workers only) in knowledge of the requirements of these FNR relating to the declared types of work on LF; (l) welding specialists preparing and directing welding work, and welders performing welding work, shall meet the requirements established in the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety developed in accordance with the requirements of part 3 of Article 4 of Federal Law No. 116-FZ.
20. Work on recorders, limiters and indicators shall be performed by the workers of specialised or operating organisations whose qualifications meet the requirements of the manufacturers (developers) set out in the operational documents of the LF, recorders, limiters and indicators. Work on the servicing, replacement, repair and commissioning of the limiters of working movements and interlocks in which electromechanical-type limit switches are used may be performed by the qualified workers of the organisation operating the LF.
21. Work on the remote-control (radio-control) systems of LF shall be performed by the workers of a specialised or operating organisation whose qualifications meet the requirements of the manufacturers (developers) set out in the operational documents for the LF and the remote-control systems.
22. An organisation (individual entrepreneur) operating an HPF with LF (without the performance by its own services of work on repair, reconstruction or modernisation) (hereinafter - operating organisation) shall comply with the requirements of the operating manuals (instructions) of the available LF and fulfil the following requirements: (a) maintain the operated LF in an operable condition (the condition of the object (LF), including of its units, mechanisms and control systems, in which the values of all parameters characterising the ability to perform the specified functions comply with the requirements of the regulatory-technical and design (project) documentation), observing the schedules for carrying out technical inspections, technical servicing and scheduled preventive repairs, and not exceed the service life declared by the manufacturer in the data sheet of the LF without an industrial safety examination conclusion on the possibility of its extension; (b) not violate the requirements set out in the data sheet and operating manual (instructions) of the LF (the lifting capacity or load moment, the duty classification group and other rated operating modes); (c) not permit the use of load-handling devices and containers that are inoperable or do not correspond to the technology of the work being performed; (d) not operate LF with inoperable limiters, indicators and recorders; (e) not operate LF on inoperable rail tracks (for rail-mounted LF); (f) not operate LF in breach of the requirements for their installation; (g) not operate LF with deviations from the regulated dimensions between the LF and boarding ladders and platforms, building structures, equipment, stacks of loads, trenches, pits, and from the restrictions established in the operating manual (instructions) of the LF; (h) not permit the operation of LF on sites and (or) under-crane building structures whose load characteristics are less than the loads from the LF with a load specified in the data sheet and operating manual (instructions) of the LF; (i) develop and approve, by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation, instructions with job duties, and a nominal list of persons responsible for industrial safety in the organisation from among its certified engineering and technical workers: the person responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of LF; the person responsible for keeping LF in an operable condition; the person responsible for the safe performance of work using LF. In organisations where work using LF is performed at a single section (shop), the duties of the person responsible for keeping LF in an operable condition and of the person responsible for the safe performance of work using LF may be assigned to one engineering and technical worker; (j) establish the procedure for admitting personnel to independent work on LF and monitor compliance with it; (k) ensure compliance with the technological processes with LF that preclude the presence of workers and third parties under the load being transported and in hazardous zones, and that preclude the movement of loads beyond the boundaries of the hazardous zones; (l) not permit the transporting of workers by cranes, except in the cases specified in paragraphs 235 to 247 of these FNR; (m) preclude cases of the use of LF for dragging loads and the use of the lifting mechanism of a crane with deviation of the ropes from the vertical; (n) have available loads (special loading devices) for carrying out tests of LF or conduct tests at a specially equipped test ground (loads leased from other organisations may be used for testing); (o) provide fencing along the boundaries of the hazardous zones where work using LF is carried out, to preclude the entry of third parties into them and to ensure the safety of the technological processes with LF, using warning tapes and barriers, and warning inscriptions, plates, safety signs and other visual warnings.
23. If an operating organisation performs work on the repair or reconstruction of LF in its operation, it shall have within its structure a subdivision meeting the requirements of paragraphs 10 to 21 of these FNR.
24. In the operation of LF, the operating organisation shall: (a) establish a procedure for monitoring the training and periodic knowledge assessment of the personnel working with limiters, indicators and recorders, and document confirmation of compliance with it, taking into account the requirements of the operating manual (instructions); (b) arrange (including by engaging specialised organisations) the reading of data from the recorder of the operating parameters of the LF no less frequently than the intervals specified in the operating manual (instructions) of the recorder, carry out the processing (decoding) of this data with the preparation of a report, and identify violations of the rules for the operation of LF. Where the operational documents of the recorders contain no indications of the intervals for reading data, such operations shall be performed no less frequently than once every six months; (c) ensure compliance with the technological process for transporting loads and the suspension of the operation of LF in the event of a threat of an emergency situation; (d) upon identifying violations of the requirements for the operation of LF set out in these FNR, take measures to eliminate and prevent them, including conducting an extraordinary knowledge assessment of the workers who committed such violations.
25. The workers of an HPF directly engaged in the operation of LF shall meet the following requirements: (a) hold a certificate, issued in accordance with the procedure established by the operating organisation, for the right to work independently in the relevant types of activity; (b) know the operability criteria of the LF used in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) of the LF used, of the removable load-handling devices and containers used, and the technological process for transporting loads; (c) in the event of a threat of an emergency situation, inform their immediate supervisor thereof; (d) know the procedure for actions under the instructions of the operating organisation in the event of accidents and incidents during the operation of LF, and comply with these instructions; (e) workers appointed as slingers shall wear, when working with LF, special distinctive marks (clothing).
26. The selection of equipment for the safe performance of work on the installation (dismantling) of LF shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs 16 to 18 of these FNR, with the specific LF being installed, with the scope of work provided for by the operating manual (instructions) of the LF, and with other operational documents of the LF or with the developed technological regulations for the installation (dismantling) in the absence of such in the operating manual (instructions) of the LF.
27. The rigging equipment and auxiliary mechanisms used in the performance of the installation of LF shall comply with the operational documents of the LF.
28. The set of tools and instruments required for the installation of limiters, indicators and parameter recorders is determined by the workers performing their installation. The installation of limiters, indicators and parameter recorders on LF that have already been manufactured and are in operation shall be performed by the workers of specialised organisations in accordance with the requirements established by the developers or manufacturers of these instruments, and taking into account the design features and purpose of the LF.
29. Organisations and their workers performing work on the installation (dismantling) and commissioning shall meet the requirements set out in paragraphs 10 to 21 of these FNR.
30. Before the performance of work, all workers performing work on the installation (dismantling) and commissioning shall be familiarised with the work procedures (the description of the work) and shall know the job and operational instructions.
31. The workers performing work on the installation (dismantling) of LF shall be familiarised with the installation manual (instructions) governing the technological sequence of operations (the technological regulations), and with the work execution plan (hereinafter - WEP) or the technological chart (hereinafter - TC) for the installation (dismantling) of LF, and with the additional industrial safety requirements for the entire set of work associated with the installation (dismantling) or commissioning of the specific LF.
32. The site for the installation of LF and the performance of assembly and installation work shall comply with the installation manual (instructions) of the LF, and with the WEP or TC for the installation.
33. The zone of the installation site shall be fenced along the perimeter, and safety signs and plates shall be posted on the fencing.
34. If there are operational passages (driveways) and exits from adjacent buildings at the installation site, then during the performance of installation work these passages (driveways) and exits shall be closed or fitted with means ensuring the safety of workers (canopies, galleries).
35. The foundation for the installation of the lifting facility or the rail track (for a rail-mounted lifting facility) shall comply with the design of the foundation for the installation of the lifting facility or with the design of the rail track (for a rail-mounted lifting facility). Such compliance shall be confirmed by an acceptance certificate for the installation section of the track or by an acceptance certificate for the rail track submitted for installation, if the track was assembled to its full working length before the installation was carried out. Where the lifting facility is installed on a foundation, its compliance with the design is confirmed by a certificate of examination of concealed works. The installation of the lifting facility is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility and the requirements of paragraphs 98 - 134 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
36. The lifting facility being installed shall comply with the parameters specified in the operating documentation, as well as with the requirements of this Section. If the counterweight and ballast for the lifting facility are manufactured by the operating organisation, a certificate stating the actual mass shall be provided. For lifting facilities which are fixed to a structure under construction during their installation (attached tower cranes to a building under construction), the fixing structures shall comply with the requirements established in the design and (or) operating documentation and with the requirements of paragraphs 42 - 47 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
37. Loading and unloading operations performed during installation using a lifting facility shall comply with the requirements of the installation manual (instructions) of the lifting facility. During the lifting and movement of the lifting facility components being installed, the presence of persons on them shall not be permitted.
38. To ensure electrical safety at the installation site and when carrying out commissioning works, it is necessary to: enclose the live parts of electrical installations, as well as the points where wires are connected to machines, transformers and other receivers of electrical energy; have the installation of temporary electrical networks carried out only by certified electricians and in accordance with the technological regulations for installation (if available); carry out installation, commissioning and repair works on live parts at a voltage of more than 50 V only with the voltage switched off; post warning signs on devices supplying voltage.
39. Loading and unloading operations during the installation of the lifting facility shall comply with the regulations set out in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility or with the technological regulations for installation (if available) and shall be carried out under the supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe conduct of works using the lifting facility. In doing so, prior to the commencement of the works, a briefing shall be given to the workers directly involved in the installation of the lifting facility.
40. The installation of the lifting facility shall be carried out in the technological sequence specified in the following documents: the installation manual (instructions) and other installation documentation provided by the manufacturer of the lifting facility; the work execution plan developed for the installation of the lifting facility at a specific site. Where changes are made to the work execution plan and the process flow chart during installation, the changes shall be developed by the organisation responsible for carrying out the installation, with the preparation of the corresponding as-built documents (drawings, diagrams and descriptions). In the work execution plan and the process flow chart for the installation of lifting facilities engaged in construction and installation works or other temporary works, the industrial safety requirements for the dismantling of the lifting facility shall be defined separately, taking into account the possible changes in the working conditions during the erection of the structure. The work execution plan and the process flow chart for the dismantling of the lifting facility may be developed separately.
41. During the conduct of installation (dismantling) and commissioning works, the following organisational requirements shall be observed: (a) unauthorised workers not taking part in the installation (dismantling) or commissioning operations shall not be present at the installation site. Workers involved in the installation (dismantling) shall be prohibited from being in the operator's cab, on the metal structures of the lifting facility, as well as inside them and within the hazardous zone (unless this is specifically stipulated in the operating documentation of the lifting facility); (b) during installation, when working at height, workers shall be positioned on scaffolding means installed in advance and securely fastened, and in the locations determined by the installation instructions of the lifting facility; (c) for the movement of workers along the fully assembled elements of the metal structures of the lifting facility, the ladders, transfer platforms and gangways with railings provided for these purposes shall be used. Personnel shall climb onto overhead rail tracks by stationary ladders attached to the structures of the buildings, and movement along the track shall be carried out in accordance with the instructions approved by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation where the installation and (or) commissioning of the lifting facility is carried out; (d) the climbing and movement of workers along the braces or other elements of the metal structures of the lifting facility not intended for these purposes by the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility, as well as descending down the ropes of the lifting facility, shall be prohibited; (e) the control of the lifting facility during the installation period shall be carried out only from the location specified in the operating documentation.
42. The assembly and joining of individual assembly units of the lifting facility shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) and other operating documentation of the lifting facility.
43. Large-sized assembly units of the lifting facility shall be placed onto the location of subsequent installation using lifting mechanisms; in doing so, the height position of the elements being joined is adjusted in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility. The actual misalignment (non-parallelism) of the assembly units being joined shall not exceed the values of the corresponding tolerances set out in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility.
44. The assembly and installation of the metal structures of self-erecting gantry cranes and tower cranes shall be carried out on a section of prepared ground-level rail track in accordance with the instructions set out in the installation manual (instructions) of these lifting facilities.
45. Prior to the joining of individual assembly units of the lifting facility, their position shall be stable, and the subsequent assembly operations shall not lead to their falling. The half-bridges of overhead cranes installed for subsequent joining on an overhead rail track shall be secured in advance.
46. The welding of individual elements during the installation of the lifting facility shall be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility (if available). When carrying out welding works, the requirements of the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety, developed in accordance with the requirements of part 3 of Article 4 of Federal Law No. 116-FZ, shall be followed.
47. Upon completion of the works related to the installation of the metal structures of the lifting facility (including the load trolley, where present), the reeving of the load ropes and the commissioning of the brakes, limiters, indicators and parameter recorders shall be carried out (paragraphs 48 - 55 of these Federal Norms and Rules). Upon completion of these works, the commissioning of the control system of the lifting facility as a whole shall be carried out. For lifting facilities having an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drive, the set of installation and commissioning works necessary to ensure the operability and safety requirements of these devices, set out in the operating documents of the lifting facility and of these devices, shall be carried out.
48. The installation and commissioning of recorders, limiters and indicators are carried out by their developers, manufacturers, manufacturers of the lifting facility, as well as by specialised organisations.
49. The installation and commissioning of recorders, limiters and indicators forming part of the lifting facility shall be carried out in accordance with their operating documents, as well as the operating documents of the lifting facility. Where the operating documents do not contain the necessary instructions, the installation shall be carried out according to the design of the developer or manufacturer of the recorders, limiters and indicators of the lifting facility or according to a design developed by a specialised organisation; in doing so, the installation of these devices (instruments) shall not affect the strength and functional parameters of the lifting facility.
50. Limiters, indicators and recorders, as well as their component parts, shall be installed in locations accessible for inspection and maintenance and protected from external influences.
51. The information displays (visual monitoring elements) of the indicators, limiters and recorders shall be installed within the field of vision of the crane operator (operator); in doing so, it shall not impede the control of the lifting facility and the observation of the load-handling device and the load.
52. After the installation or reconstruction of a limiter, indicator or recorder, its commissioning and a check of its operability shall be carried out, with confirmation that its characteristics comply with the passport data. The check is carried out by a commission with the participation of representatives of the organisation that performed these works and of the operating organisation. The results of the work are documented in a certificate, which is approved by the operating organisation.
53. When a limiter or indicator with a built-in recorder or an autonomous recorder is transferred to another lifting facility, the information of such recorder shall be updated. When a limiter or indicator with a built-in recorder or an autonomous recorder is transferred (replaced), a certificate is drawn up with the entry of the data on the previously accumulated parameters of the lifting facility as at the day of drawing up the certificate. This certificate shall be stored together with the passport of the lifting facility.
54. Records of the installation and commissioning of a limiter, indicator and recorder shall be entered into the passport of the lifting facility or into the passport of the limiter, indicator or recorder, which is an integral part of the passport of the lifting facility, with the certificate of completed works attached.
55. After the installation, commissioning, reconstruction or modernisation of a recorder, limiter and indicator, they shall be sealed in accordance with the instructions of the operating documentation by the organisation that performed these works. The sealing of electromechanical-type limit switches used in limiters of working movements and interlocks is not required.
56. The installation and commissioning of the remote control (radio control) system of the lifting facility shall be carried out in accordance with the operating documentation for the lifting facility and the documentation of the manufacturer of the remote control (radio control) system. After a reconstruction of the lifting facility involving the conversion of the lifting facility to remote control (radio control), changes shall be entered into the passport and the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility by the person who performed these works. The documentation used in the installation and commissioning of the remote control (radio control) system of the lifting facility shall be attached to the passport of the lifting facility. The conversion of the lifting facility to remote control (radio control) does not constitute a technical re-equipment of the hazardous production facility.
57. The installation and commissioning of the remote control (radio control) system of the lifting facility shall be carried out taking into account that any failure (breakdown) of any component part of the remote control (radio control) system shall not lead to an accident of the lifting facility or its parts or to the falling of the load.
58. Upon completion of the installation and commissioning of the remote control (radio control) system, a check of all control commands and of the emergency protection shall be carried out during operation of the lifting facility in the remote control (radio control) mode, in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the remote control (radio control) system, with the participation of representatives of the operating organisation and of the organisation that performed the installation of the remote control (radio control) system. Where positive results of the check are obtained, the requirements set out in paragraphs 135 - 142 of these Federal Norms and Rules shall be fulfilled. Sub-paragraph repealed with effect from 1 September 2024. - Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Rostechnadzor) No. 16 of 22 January 2024.
59. The maintenance of the remote control (radio control) systems during the operation of the lifting facility shall be carried out in accordance with the instructions developed by the manufacturer of the remote control (radio control) system of the lifting facility.
60. The quality control of the installation and commissioning shall be confirmed by an installation certificate of the lifting facility, which confirms that the lifting facility has been installed in accordance with the operating manual (instructions), with the operating documents of the equipment forming part of it (where such documents are available) and with the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules, and has been permitted (after completion of commissioning) for subsequent putting into operation. In doing so, the following shall be attached to the certificate: (a) as-built assembly (installation) drawings of the metal structures of the lifting facility; (b) documents: copies of the certification credentials of welders and welding production specialists, copies of the certificates of the organisation's readiness to apply the welding technology, copies of the quality certificates for the base and welding materials, the results of the quality control of welded joints (if the welding of individual assembly units was applied during installation); (c) reports of the measurement of the insulation resistance of the wires and of the earthing system; (d) information on the actual results of the compliance of the geometric dimensions of the installed lifting facility with the requirements specified by the manufacturer of the lifting facility, as well as information confirming the compliance of the installation of the lifting facility with the requirements set out in paragraphs 98 - 134 of these Federal Norms and Rules; (e) information on the replacements of inoperable elements of the drives, brakes and fasteners carried out by the installation organisation; (f) information on additionally installed limiters, indicators and recorders, if such works were carried out as part of the installation works of the lifting facility; (g) the acceptance certificate for the rail track, if the installation of the rail track was performed as part of the installation works of the lifting facility; (h) information on the results of the commissioning works confirming the operability of the control systems of the lifting facility, of the electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic equipment, of the mechanisms, as well as of the limiters, indicators and recorders present; (i) information on the results of the full technical examination of the installed lifting facility carried out in accordance with paragraphs 164 - 190 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
61. The installation and commissioning of the lifting facility in breach of the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility, as well as the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules, shall not be permitted.
62. The operating organisation is responsible for bringing into compliance a lifting facility manufactured according to previously developed designs and not equipped with the limiters, indicators and recorders necessary to ensure the industrial safety of the technological process in which the lifting facility is used, or for the continuation of operation of the lifting facility with a reduction of its performance indicators specified in the passport.
63. The selection of equipment for the safe conduct of works on the repair, reconstruction or modernisation of the lifting facility shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs 16 - 18 of these Federal Norms and Rules, with the specific type and design of the lifting facility, as well as with the scope of works provided for by the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility. When selecting the equipment, the repair instructions, as well as the requirements for the scope of works set out in the operating manual (instructions) of the given lifting facility, shall be used.
64. The rigging equipment and auxiliary mechanisms used in carrying out the repair, reconstruction or modernisation of the lifting facility shall comply with the operating documents of the lifting facility.
65. The set of tools and instruments necessary for the repair, reconstruction or modernisation of the limiters, indicators and parameter recorders of the lifting facility is determined by the workers of the organisations carrying out these works, taking into account the requirements of the operating documents.
66. The organisation and conduct of welding works at a hazardous production facility with lifting facilities shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety, developed in accordance with the requirements of part 3 of Article 4 of Federal Law No. 116-FZ.
67. The non-destructive testing of the welded joints of the elements of the lifting facility at a hazardous production facility shall be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety, developed in accordance with the requirements of part 3 of Article 4 of Federal Law No. 116-FZ.
68. Rolled metal that has passed acceptance shall be sent for storage in accordance with the procedure (instructions) adopted at the specialised organisation. The places and procedure for the storage of rolled metal adopted at the organisation shall be brought to the attention of every worker of the organisation.
69. Rolled metal shall be stored in premises. Rolled metal may be stored temporarily (for a period of 3 months from the day of delivery) on specially equipped places (racks) in the open air.
70. Rolled steel, prior to being fed into production, shall comply with the accompanying documentation and shall be cleaned of surface corrosion, moisture, snow, ice and oil.
71. The straightening of rolled steel, depending on the profile, shall be carried out on plate-straightening machines, section-straightening machines or presses in the cold state. The straightening of steel by local heating according to a technology developed by a specialised organisation may be carried out.
72. The maximum permissible values of the deflections of rolled metal after straightening shall comply with the requirements of the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility.
73. The ends of parts made of profiled rolled metal, regardless of the method of processing, shall not have cracks, or burrs and rounded edges exceeding 1 mm.
74. The cutting of sheet rolled metal shall be carried out according to a technology developed and adopted at the specialised organisation.
75. The quality control of repair welded joints shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations on the control of compliance with technological processes, developed at the specialised organisation, in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 13 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
76. The scope of testing shall ensure the quality of the welding works performed. The visual testing and measurement of the butt welded joints of the design elements shall be carried out along the entire length of the joint. If the internal surface of the welded joint is inaccessible for inspection, the inspection and measurement are carried out only from the outer side. Surface defects identified during the visual and measurement testing of the welded joints of the repaired design elements of the metal structures shall be corrected before carrying out testing by other non-destructive methods.
77. When drawing up the working procedure for non-destructive testing, the scope of the latter is assigned taking into account the type of welded joint and the strength properties of the metal structures. Before carrying out non-destructive testing, the sections of the welded joint on which it is to be carried out shall be marked so that they can be identified. The beginning and end of the weld seams of the butt joints of the flanges and webs of the box-section metal structures of beams, columns and jibs are subjected to mandatory radiographic or ultrasonic testing.
78. The non-destructive testing of butt welded joints shall be carried out in accordance with the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility developed by a specialised organisation. In doing so, the total length of the tested sections of the welded joints is established by the specialised organisation in the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility and shall be not less than: 50 per cent of the length of the joint - at each joint of the tension flange of a box-section or truss metal structure; 25 per cent of the length of the joint - for all other butt joints. The repair welded joints of the elements of metal structures made of high-strength steels are subjected to 100 per cent ultrasonic and magnetic particle testing. The magnetic particle testing may be replaced with penetrant testing. The application of penetrant testing of weld seams (other than butt seams) is established by the specialised organisation in the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility.
79. The quality of repair welded joints is considered unsatisfactory if, during any type of testing, internal or external defects are detected in them that exceed the limits of the norms established in the operating documentation or in the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility.
80. Where impermissible defects of repair welded joints are identified during non-destructive testing, the entire joint shall be subjected to non-destructive testing. The defective sections of the weld seams identified during testing shall be corrected, with subsequent confirmation of the quality of the joint. The repetition of repair weld seams on one and the same section more than twice shall be prohibited.
81. Scheduled repairs shall be carried out after a certain number of machine-hours (cycles) has been accumulated or at the time intervals specified in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility.
82. To ensure the normal operation of lifting facilities, they shall, in a timely manner and in accordance with the requirements established in the operating manual (instructions), be subjected to routine and overhaul repairs ensuring the maintenance of the lifting facility in an operable state.
83. When carrying out an overhaul or an overhaul-and-restoration repair, to determine the scope of the restoration and replacement works, a complete disassembly of all repairable mechanisms and joints is carried out in accordance with the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility, together with their defect detection (with the mandatory application of one of the methods of non-destructive testing) and with the restoration or replacement of worn elements. The specialised organisation (where there are no requirements in the operating documentation for the lifting facility) shall be guided by the developed design for the overhaul or overhaul-and-restoration repair of the lifting facility, which specifies which parts, components or equipment of the lifting facility shall be subjected to repair, by which methods and in which cases they shall be replaced. In the case of restoration repair of worn products of the lifting facility by means of welding, the requirements for the quality of the welding works and the rejection criteria shall be set out in the design for the overhaul or overhaul-and-restoration repair. If the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility specifies that, upon reaching a certain amount of operating time, individual elements or assembly units of the lifting facility shall be replaced, such replacement is mandatory, even if no visible damage to individual elements or assembly units of the lifting facility has been detected. The period of extension of the operation of the lifting facility after the performance of overhaul-and-restoration and full-set repairs is established in the conclusion of the industrial safety expert examination.
84. Where it is necessary to equip cranes in operation with mechanised and (or) electrified load-handling attachments, including motor grabs and lifting electromagnets, when carrying out a reconstruction the following shall be taken into account: (a) the value of the useful lifting capacity of the crane with the newly installed equipment shall be limited depending on its passport classification group in accordance with the table set out in Appendix No. 1 to these Federal Norms and Rules; (b) a change of the parameters in the setting of the lifting capacity limiter and the parameter recorder with which the crane being reconstructed is equipped, or the installation of new instruments ensuring operability. The equipping of cranes with these limiters is not required if their useful lifting capacity after reconstruction does not exceed 50 per cent of the passport lifting capacity of the crane. Cranes in the operating zone of which there are production or other premises shall be prohibited from being equipped with a load electromagnet.
85. The repair of limiters, indicators and recorders is carried out by the manufacturers of the lifting facility (where qualified personnel for these types of works are available), by the manufacturers of the limiters and indicators, by their service organisations (service centres), as well as by specialised organisations (where qualified personnel for these types of works are available). The repair shall be carried out to the extent and in the sequence established in the operating documents of the limiters, indicators and recorders. If the repair instructions are absent from the operating documents and cannot be provided by the developers and manufacturers of the limiters, indicators and recorders, the repair documentation is developed by specialised organisations meeting the requirements of paragraph 20 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
86. The repair is carried out upon the occurrence of malfunctions of the limiters, indicators and recorders or when the schedule of planned preventive repairs established by the operating organisation is implemented. The maintenance of the limiters, indicators and recorders is carried out in accordance with their operating documentation.
87. After the repair of a recorder, limiter, indicator or their individual units, the setting (adjustment), a check of operability and their sealing are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the operating documentation. The sealing of electromechanical-type limit switches used in limiters of working movements and interlocks is not required.
88. The repair of the operating parameter recorder shall not lead to the loss of the long-term storage information. Where it is impossible to restore such information, the specialised organisation shall make a corresponding entry in the passport of the lifting facility.
89. The reconstruction or modernisation of a limiter, indicator or recorder (the installation of an instrument of a different type) is carried out taking into account the requirements of paragraphs 85 and 86 of these Federal Norms and Rules. The reconstruction or modernisation of a limiter, indicator or recorder by making changes is permitted according to the documentation of the developer or manufacturer of the limiter, indicator or recorder and subject to agreement with the manufacturer of the lifting facility. Where it is impossible to establish the manufacturer of the lifting facility, the reconstruction or modernisation shall be carried out according to the design of a specialised organisation meeting the requirements of paragraph 20 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
90. By decision of the operating organisation (on the basis of the requirements of the technological process or the conclusion of the manufacturer of the lifting facility), an adjustment of the software of the limiters, indicators and recorders may be carried out to limit the design working parameters and characteristics of the lifting facility. The installation of new software is carried out by the workers of the manufacturer of the limiter, indicator, recorder, as well as by the workers of specialised organisations. A record of the programming performed is made in the passport of the recorder, limiter, indicator, with the attachment of the document on the basis of which the adjustment of the software was carried out.
91. After the reconstruction or modernisation of a limiter, indicator or recorder (the installation of an instrument of a different type), the organisation that performed the works shall enter changes into the passport and operating manual of the lifting facility, as well as into the passport and operating manual of the limiter, indicator or recorder (where these are available). In the case of the installation of an instrument of a different type, the operating manual and passport of the installed instrument shall also be attached to the passport of the lifting facility. Permission to put the lifting facility into operation after the completion of the repair, reconstruction or modernisation of a limiter, indicator or recorder is granted by the engineering and technical worker responsible for keeping the lifting facility in an operable state.
92. The design documentation used in the repair, reconstruction or modernisation of the lifting facility, as well as the final documentation on the results of the works performed, shall include repair working drawings and process flow charts for the performance of critical operations.
93. The organisation carrying out the repair, reconstruction or modernisation of the lifting facility shall carry out these works in accordance with the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility, if these requirements are absent from the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility. In the case of the application of welding, the repair, reconstruction or modernisation design of the lifting facility shall be developed taking into account paragraphs 66 - 80 of these Federal Norms and Rules and shall contain instructions on the metals and welding materials used, on the methods of quality control of the welding, on the rejection norms for welded joints, as well as the procedure for the acceptance from repair of individual units and finished products.
94. On the repair drawings of the elements of the metal structure of the lifting facility, the following shall be indicated: the damaged sections subject to repair or replacement; the materials used in the replacement; the deformed elements and sections of elements subject to correction by straightening, with the assignment of the method of straightening; the types of welded joints and the methods of their execution; the types of processing of the weld seams after welding; the methods and norms of testing of the welded joints (the places subject to testing or checking); the permissible deviations from the nominal dimensions.
95. The control of compliance by the specialised organisation with the requirements of the design, the repair drawings and the technology for the conduct of repair works shall be carried out by the service of the technical control department of the specialised organisation carrying out the repair works.
96. The quality control of the repair (reconstruction, modernisation) of the lifting facility shall be confirmed by a report or an acceptance certificate from repair, approved by the operating organisation. The quality control of the repair of the rail track shall be confirmed by an acceptance certificate for the rail track (for lifting facilities moving on rails).
97. Upon completion of the repair, reconstruction or modernisation of the lifting facility, the specialised organisation shall make an entry in the passport of the lifting facility on the work carried out and shall provide copies of the certificates for the materials used and for the replaced and repaired spare parts, units and assemblies.
98. Construction and installation works, and loading and unloading works, over operating utilities, over the carriageway of streets, or in cramped conditions in which the restriction of the movement zone of the lifting facility and loads is required, at a hazardous production facility using a lifting facility, shall be carried out in accordance with the work execution plan developed by the operating or specialised organisation in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 155 - 163 of these Federal Norms and Rules. For works on the installation, dismantling and repair of equipment using a lifting facility, a work execution plan and (or) a process flow chart shall be developed, taking into account the specifics of the works performed by the lifting facility. The work execution plan and (or) the process flow chart for these works shall contain, inter alia: slinging diagrams for the parts, units and other elements of the equipment the movement of which during installation, dismantling and repair is performed by the lifting facility; methods for the safe turning over of the equipment, with an indication of the load-handling attachments used in doing so; requirements for the location of the slingers and signallers during the turning over and movement by the lifting facility of the parts, units and elements of the equipment. The work execution plan and the process flow chart shall be approved by the organisation operating the lifting facility. The operation of the lifting facility with deviations from the requirements of the work execution plan and the process flow chart shall not be permitted. Changes to the work execution plan and the process flow chart are made by the developer of the work execution plan and the process flow chart.
99. Loading and unloading works and the storage of loads using a lifting facility at depots, warehouses and open areas, in cases other than those specified in paragraph 98 of these Federal Norms and Rules, shall be carried out according to process flow charts developed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 155 - 163 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
100. The installation of lifting facilities in buildings, on open areas and at other work sites shall be carried out in accordance with the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility and the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules.
101. The construction of the rail track for the installation of lifting facilities shall be carried out in accordance with a design developed taking into account the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility and paragraphs 198 to 214 of these Federal Norms and Rules. In the spans of buildings where top-supported overhead cranes with an actual classification (duty) group of A6 or more are installed, and also on crane trestles (except for single-girder cranes with electric hoists), walkway galleries shall be provided for passage along the rail track on both sides of the span. In the spans of buildings where top-supported overhead cranes with a classification (duty) group of less than A6 are installed, in the absence of galleries for passage along the rail track on both sides of the span, horizontal safety ropes shall be installed.
102. Lifting facilities shall be installed in such a way that, when lifting a load, the need for its preliminary dragging with the load ropes in an inclined position is eliminated, and it is possible to move the load (the load-handling device or the load-gripping device without a load) raised at least 0.5 m above structures, equipment, stacks of loads, sides of rolling stock and other objects encountered on the path. When moving, the booms of cranes and loader cranes shall be at least 0.5 m above structures, equipment, stacks of loads, sides of rolling stock and objects encountered on the path.
103. The installation of cranes above production premises for lifting and lowering loads through a hatch (opening) in the floor slab is permitted where one premises is located directly above another. The hatch in the floor slab shall have a permanent guard at least 1.1 m high, with a solid guard at the bottom to a height of 0.15 m, with the mandatory provision of light signalling warning both of the presence of a load above the hatch and of the lowering of a load, as well as with signs prohibiting the presence of people under a load being moved.
104. The installation of cranes travelling on an overhead rail track shall be carried out in compliance with the following requirements: (a) the distance from the highest point of the crane to the ceiling of the building, the bottom chord of the roof trusses, or objects attached to them shall be at least 0.1 m; (b) the distance from the flooring of the platforms and gallery of a top-supported crane, except for the flooring of the end beams and trolleys, to the solid floor slab or roof lining, to the bottom chord of the roof trusses and objects attached to them, as well as to the lowest point of a crane operating one tier higher, shall be at least 1.8 m; (c) the distance from the projecting parts of the crane ends to the columns, walls of the building and railings of the passage galleries shall be at least 0.06 m. This distance is established with a symmetrical arrangement of the crane wheels relative to the rail; (d) the distance from the lowest point of the crane (excluding the load-handling device) to the floor of the workshop or the platforms on which people may be present during crane operation (except for platforms intended for crane repair) shall be at least 2 m. The distance between the lowest overall point of the crane cab and the workshop floor shall be at least 2 m or from 0.5 to 1 m. If the cab of a stacker crane moves along special guides by means of a gripper on the movable part of the column (the load lifter) or by its own lifting mechanism, then boarding and leaving the cab shall be carried out only in the lower position of the cab. In this case, the vertical distance from the cab floor to the floor of the premises shall not exceed 0.25 m; (e) the distance from the lower projecting parts of the crane (excluding the load-handling device) to equipment located within its operating zone shall be at least 0.4 m; (f) the distance from the projecting parts of the control cab and the cab for servicing the trolley wires to the wall, equipment, pipelines, projecting parts of the building, columns, roofs of auxiliary premises and other objects relative to which the cab moves shall be at least 0.4 m; (g) when installing stacker cranes, the following conditions shall be met: the vertical distance from the floor or from the top of the platform of the vehicles to the lowest point of the non-extendable part of the column shall be at least 0.1 m; the vertical distance from the lowest point of the bridge of the stacker crane to the top of the racks located in the crane operating zone shall be at least 0.1 m; when stacker cranes operate in the aisles between racks, the side clearances between the parts of the stacker cranes located in the aisle (with a load on the gripper) shall be at least: 0.15 m on each side when working with loads on standard pallets, as well as with a load length of up to 4 m (for stacker cranes with a load capacity of up to 1 t and floor-controlled stacker cranes working with loads on standard pallets, 0.075 m on each side is permitted); 0.2 m on each side with a load length from 4 to 6 m; 0.3 m on each side with a load length of more than 6 m.
105. The horizontal distance between the projecting parts of a crane travelling on a ground-level crane track and structures, stacks of loads and other objects located at a height of up to 2 m from ground level or from working platforms shall be at least 0.7 m, and at a height of more than 2 m - at least 0.4 m. The vertical distance from the counterweight jib or from the counterweight located beneath the jib of a tower crane to the platforms on which people may be present shall be at least 2 m.
106. The installation of electric hoists and monorail trolleys with automatic or semi-automatic control, in which such a lifting facility is not accompanied by a crane operator or operator, shall preclude the possibility of the load touching elements of the building, equipment and stacks of loads. The presence of people on the travel path of such lifting facilities shall be precluded. Above the roadway and above passages for people, protective coverings (netting) capable of withstanding a falling load shall be installed.
107. The installation of cranes travelling on a rail track within the protection zone of overhead power lines shall be agreed with the owner of the line. The agreement for such installation for carrying out construction and installation work shall be kept together with the work execution plan.
108. The installation of jib-type cranes, loader cranes and elevating platforms (towers) shall be carried out on a prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the ground. It shall not be permitted to install such lifting facilities for work on freshly filled, uncompacted ground, or on a site with a gradient exceeding that specified in the passport and (or) the operating manual.
109. The installation of jib-type cranes, loader cranes and elevating platforms (towers) shall be carried out so that, during operation, the distance between the slewing part of such a lifting facility in any of its positions, including under load, and structures, stacks of loads and other objects is at least 1 m.
110. The installation of lifting facilities on outriggers shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements established in the operating manuals (instructions) of the lifting facilities. In the absence of requirements in the operating manuals (instructions), the lifting facility is installed on all outriggers.
111. Jib-type cranes, loader cranes and elevating platforms (towers) at the edge of the slope of an excavation pit (trench) shall be installed in compliance with the distances specified in Appendix No. 1 to these Federal Norms and Rules. Where the depth of the excavation pit is more than 5 m and it is impossible to comply with the distances specified in the table, the slope shall be reinforced in accordance with the work execution plan.
112. The installation and operation of jib-type cranes, loader cranes and elevating platforms (towers) at a distance of less than 30 m from the outermost wire of an overhead power line or overhead electrical network with a voltage of more than 50 V shall be carried out only under a permit to work defining the safe working conditions. When work is carried out within the protection zone of an overhead power line or within the clearance gaps, the permit to work is issued only if there is a permission from the organisation operating the power line. The procedure for the operation of jib-type cranes, loader cranes and elevating platforms (towers) near an overhead power line made with a flexible insulated cable is determined by the owner of the line. The validity period of the permit to work is determined by the organisation that issued it. The permit to work is issued to the crane operator (elevating platform operator, operator) before the start of work. Information on the permits to work issued shall be entered in the permit-to-work issue log. The operation of jib-type cranes, loader cranes and elevating platforms (towers) near an overhead power line shall be carried out under the direct supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting facilities, who shall indicate to the crane operator (elevating platform operator, operator) the installation location of the lifting facility, ensure compliance with the working conditions provided for by the permit to work, and make an entry in the shift log of the lifting facility on the authorisation of the work. The operation of jib-type cranes and loader cranes under the non-disconnected contact wires of urban transport shall be carried out while maintaining a distance between the crane boom (loader crane boom) and the contact wires of at least 1 m, with a limiter (stop) installed that does not allow this distance to be reduced when the boom is raised.
113. In cases where work using jib-type cranes, loader cranes and elevating platforms (towers) is carried out at operating power stations, substations and power lines, the permit to work near live wires and equipment is issued by the organisation operating the power station, substation or power line. In this case, the use of a lifting facility is permitted only on condition that the distance through the air from the lifting facility, or from its extendable or lifting part, as well as from the load-handling device or the load being lifted in any position, to the nearest live wire is at least that specified in Appendix No. 1 and Appendix No. 2 to these Federal Norms and Rules.
114. When moving a load with a lifting facility, the following requirements shall be met: the lifting of a load shall begin with raising it to a height of no more than 0.2 to 0.3 m, followed by a stop to check the correctness of the slinging and the reliability of the brake action; it shall be prohibited to move a load while there are people beneath it. A slinger is permitted to be near the load during its lifting or lowering if the load is raised to a height of no more than 1 m above the platform level; small piece loads shall be moved only in a container specially intended for this purpose, so as to preclude the possibility of individual parts of the load falling out. The moving of bricks on pallets without side guards is permitted only when unloading (loading) vehicles onto the ground (and from the ground); the lifting of a load whose mass is unknown shall be prohibited; the horizontal movement of a load shall be carried out 0.5 m above objects encountered on the path; a load being moved shall be lowered only onto a place intended for this, where the possibility of falling, tipping over or slipping of the lowered load is precluded. To allow the slings to be removed from under the load, its lowering and storage shall be carried out on bearers of appropriate strength and thickness. The stacking and subsequent dismantling of the load shall be performed evenly, without violating the dimensions established for load storage and without obstructing the passages; during a break or upon completion of the lifting facility's work, there shall be no suspended load on the load-handling device of the lifting facility. Upon completion of work, the lifting facility shall be brought into a safe position in the non-operating state in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions); the tilting of loads using a lifting facility shall be carried out only at tilting areas or in the air in accordance with a work execution plan or process documentation developed in advance. When tilting a load, the following additional safety measures shall be performed: to prevent crushing, the slinger shall be prohibited from being between the load and a wall or other obstacle, while the slinger shall be positioned to the side of the load being tilted at a distance equal to the height of the load plus 1 m; the tilting of loads with a mass of more than 75 per cent of the rated capacity of the lifting facility and of loads with an offset centre of gravity shall be carried out only under the supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting facilities. For tilting parts of serial and mass production, special tilting devices shall be used.
115. During the performance of work using lifting facilities, the following shall not be permitted: the presence of people, including personnel servicing the lifting facility, in places where they may be crushed between parts of the lifting facility and other structures, objects and equipment; moving a load that is in an unstable position or suspended by one horn of a double-horned hook; lifting a load that is covered with earth or frozen to the ground, blocked by other loads, secured with bolts or filled with concrete, as well as metal and slag that has solidified in a furnace or fused after pouring; dragging a load along the ground, floor or rails with the hooks of the lifting facility when the load ropes are in an inclined position (without the use of guide pulleys ensuring the vertical position of the load ropes); freeing, with the use of the lifting facility, slings, ropes or chains that are pinched by the load; pulling the load aside during its lifting, moving and lowering. Guy ropes are used only for turning long and oversized loads during their movement; aligning a load being moved by hand, as well as changing the position of the slings on a suspended load; delivering a load into window openings, onto balconies and loggias without special receiving platforms or special devices; using a container for transporting people; the presence of people under the boom of the lifting facility during its raising, lowering and telescoping, with and without a load; lifting a load directly from its installation place (from the ground, a platform, a stack) using only the boom telescoping mechanism; using the limiters of mechanisms as working elements for the automatic stopping of the mechanisms, if this is not provided for by the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility; operating the lifting facility with the limiters, recorders, indicators or brakes switched off or inoperable; switching on the mechanisms of the lifting facility while there are people on the slewing platform of the lifting facility outside the cab; moving people by means of goods construction hoists; moving the chassis of an elevating platform (tower) with people or a load in the cradle. This requirement does not apply to self-propelled elevating platforms (towers) controlled from the cradle, including when the elevating platform is moved around the site; raising and lowering the cradle with the elevating platform if the entrance to it is not closed with a locking device; throwing down tools, a load or other objects from a cradle located at height. The following is permitted: moving elevating platforms and towers used on railway and (or) tram rail tracks for checking the condition and installation of the contact network and checking the condition of bridges and overpasses; moving elevating platforms and towers with people along the contact network or bridge structures, in which case the work shall be performed at the minimum speed in accordance with the requirements of the work execution plan developed for this purpose and with paragraphs 155 to 163 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
116. Turning a load by hand is permitted on condition that the load is raised to a height of no more than 1 m; in other cases, including when turning long loads, only with the use of guy ropes or gaffs.
117. During the operation of lifting facilities controlled from the floor or by radio (from a suspended or portable remote control panel), a free passage shall be provided for the worker controlling the lifting facility along the entire travel path of the lifting facility.
118. Exits onto the rail tracks and the galleries of overhead cranes that are in operation shall be locked. The admission of personnel servicing the cranes, as well as of other workers, onto the crane tracks and passage galleries of operating overhead and travelling cantilever cranes for the performance of repair or any other work shall be carried out under a permit to work defining the conditions for the safe performance of work. A permit to work is not required for a crane operator entering the crane cab through the passage galleries along the rail track.
119. For each workshop (span) not equipped with passage galleries along the rail track where overhead cranes operate, the operating organisation develops actions for the safe descent of crane operators from the cab in the event of a forced stop of the crane not at a boarding platform. These actions are specified in the production instruction for crane operators.
120. The use of overhead cranes (from the platforms available on the crane) for carrying out construction, painting and other work shall be performed under a permit to work defining the industrial safety measures preventing a fall from the crane caused by a sudden start of movement of the crane or its load trolley or by a collision with an adjacent crane, as well as electric shock and a fall when going out onto the rail tracks or crane girders. During the performance of such work, the moving of loads by the crane shall be prohibited.
121. Lifting facilities in operation shall be provided with plates bearing the designations of the factory number of the lifting facility, the rated capacity, and the dates of the next full and partial technical examinations.
122. The operating organisation shall ensure compliance with the following industrial safety requirements: to establish the procedure for allocating and dispatching lifting facilities to sites according to the requests of structural subdivisions and third-party organisations. In this case, responsibility for ensuring the industrial safety requirements during the operation of the lifting facility is borne by the organisation that allocated the lifting facility for the work; to ensure compliance with the industrial safety requirements for installed lifting facilities that are in a non-operating state, with the lifting facility being de-energised and measures taken to prevent it from being blown away by the wind; to ensure that checks of the operability of the indicators, limiters and recorders of the lifting facility are carried out within the periods established by their operating manuals (instructions); to establish the procedure for sealing the protective panels of cranes and locking them with a lock; to ensure entry onto overhead cranes and descent from them through a boarding platform. Entry into the control cab of an overhead crane through the bridge is permitted only in cases where direct boarding into the cab is impossible for structural or operational reasons. In such cases, entry onto the crane shall be arranged at a specially designated place through a door in the bridge railing equipped with an electrical interlock, on the actuation of which the lifting facility shall be switched off, and a sound signal shall be given automatically. For magnet cranes, entry into the control cab through the bridge shall not be permitted, except in cases where the trolley wires supplying the load electromagnet are guarded or located in a place inaccessible to contact and are not disconnected by the electrical interlock of the door for entry onto the crane; to develop and issue to the work sites a work execution plan or technological chart (in accordance with the instructions of paragraph 98 and paragraphs 155 to 163 of these Federal Norms and Rules), load storage diagrams, and diagrams for loading and unloading vehicles, including rolling stock (the latter when used); to familiarise (against signature) with the work execution plan and technological chart the engineering and technical workers responsible for production control during the operation of lifting facilities, the person responsible for keeping the lifting facility in working order, the persons responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting facilities, crane operators (operators), construction hoist operators, elevating platform (tower) operators, cradle workers and slingers; to provide slingers with tested and marked load-gripping devices and containers corresponding to the mass and nature of the loads being moved; to designate the stationary platforms and load storage places provided for by the work execution plan or technological chart and to equip them with the necessary process tooling and devices (cassettes, pyramids, racks, ladders, stands, bearers, spacers); to establish the procedure for the exchange of signals between operators, crane operators, slingers and cradle workers in accordance with the requirements of the section "Signalling System during the Performance of Work" of these Federal Norms and Rules; to establish the procedure for bringing lifting facilities into a safe position in the non-operating state, and also to determine the procedure for the actions of workers (including leaving the hazardous zone) in the event of emergency situations at a hazardous production facility; to develop the procedure for applying the tag system during the operation of overhead-type cranes, under which control of the lifting facility is permitted only to a crane operator (operator) who has received a key-tag against signature in the log for recording the issue of key-tags. The procedure for applying the tag system shall be entered into the production instructions for crane operators (operators).
123. During the erection of buildings and structures more than 36 m high by tower cranes, two-way radio or telephone communication shall be used (in which case the list and designation of the commands given shall be approved by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation).
124. At places of permanent loading and unloading of motor vehicles and gondola cars, stationary trestles or suspended platforms for slingers shall be installed. The loading and unloading of gondola cars by hook-type lifting facilities shall be carried out in accordance with a technology approved by the operating organisation, which defines the locations of the slingers during the moving of loads, as well as the possibility of their access to the trestles and suspended platforms. The presence of people in gondola cars during the lifting and lowering of loads shall not be permitted.
125. The loading of dispatched loads into motor vehicles and other self-propelled vehicles shall be carried out in such a way that safe slinging of the loads during their subsequent unloading is ensured. It shall not be permitted to lower a load onto a motor vehicle or to lift a load while there are people in the body or cab of that motor vehicle.
126. The loading and unloading of gondola cars, flatcars, motor vehicles and other vehicles shall be carried out without disturbing their balance. The slinging of bundles of pipes or rolled metal by the packaging elements (twists, ties not intended for slinging) shall be prohibited. The lifting, moving and transportation of long loads in bundling slings is carried out with at least two bundling slings of appropriate load capacity.
127. The lifting and moving of a load by several lifting facilities is permitted only in accordance with a work execution plan or technological chart. When lifting and moving a load by several lifting facilities, the load falling on each of them shall not exceed the load capacity of the lifting facility. Work on moving a load by several lifting facilities, the unloading and loading of gondola cars, and the operation of lifting facilities in the absence of the marking of the load weight and slinging diagrams are carried out under the direct supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting facilities.
128. The moving of loads during the performance of construction and installation work and loading and unloading work above floor slabs beneath which production, residential or office premises where people may be present are located shall not be permitted. The placement of a lifting facility in production buildings and structures above the lower floors is permissible only where, in the design of such a hazardous production facility, the possible fall of a load onto the inter-floor slabs or the roof has been taken into account (the safety against the fall of a load and the consequences of the impact of contact with the load (chemical, thermal) on the floor slab or roof have been confirmed).
129. When lifting a load using a lifting facility installed near a wall, column, stack, railway wagon, machine tool or other equipment, the presence of people (including a slinger) between the load being lifted and those parts of the building or equipment shall not be permitted. This requirement shall also be met when lowering and moving the load.
130. Lifting facilities equipped with a grab, an electromagnet or a controlled (automatic, semi-automatic) gripper shall be permitted to operate only when the instructions specially developed for these cases are complied with, as set out in the operating manuals of the lifting facilities and the operating manuals of the grabs, electromagnets and controlled grippers, or in the work execution plan developed by the operating or specialised organisation. The presence of people and the performance of any work in the zone of movement of loads by cranes equipped with a grab or an electromagnet shall not be permitted. Personnel performing work at the site where such cranes operate may be permitted to carry out their duties only during breaks in the operation of the cranes and after the grab or electromagnet has been lowered to the ground, with the voltage removed from the electromagnet. The places where lifting facilities equipped with a grab or an electromagnet operate shall be guarded and marked with warning signs.
131. When overhead cranes installed in several tiers operate, the passage of the cranes of the upper tier over the cranes located below shall be ensured only without a load, with the hook (or the load-gripping device) raised to the upper working position and moved aside from the highest parts of the cranes of the lower tier. The operation of overhead cranes installed in several tiers shall be carried out in accordance with specially developed work execution plans or technological charts defining the sequence and order of operation of the cranes.
132. The operation of lifting facilities installed in the open air shall be stopped: at a wind speed exceeding the maximum permissible speed specified in the passport of the lifting facility; at an ambient temperature below the minimum permissible temperature specified in the passport of the lifting facility; during snowfall, rain or fog, when the crane operator (machinist, operator) poorly distinguishes the signals of the slinger or the load being moved.
133. It shall be prohibited to use tower cranes, load-lifting cranes mounted on automobile chassis or special automobile-type chassis, and load-lifting cranes on pneumatic-wheeled and crawler undercarriages that are not equipped with coordinate protection for work in cramped conditions. The coordinate protection shall be set up in accordance with the work execution plan or technological chart.
134. Limiters, indicators and recorders shall not be used for accounting for the weight of loads (materials) moved by lifting facilities.
135. The decision to put into operation the lifting facilities listed in paragraph 2 of these Federal Norms and Rules is issued by the engineering and technical worker responsible for production control during the operation of lifting facilities, with an entry in the passport of the lifting facility on the basis of positive results of a technical examination in the following cases (except for the cases specified in paragraphs 136 to 138 of these Federal Norms and Rules): (a) before putting into operation; (b) after installation caused by placing the lifting facility at a new location, as well as after the relocation to a new site of crawler, pneumatic-wheeled and rapidly erected tower cranes powered from an external energy source; (c) after reconstruction (modernisation); (d) after the replacement of design elements or units of metal structures, as well as the repair or replacement of elements or units of metal structures using welding.
136. The decision to put into operation lifting facilities whose power take-off for their own travel and the operation of their mechanisms is provided from their own energy source, namely: load-lifting cranes mounted on automobile chassis or special automobile-type chassis; load-lifting cranes on pneumatic, crawler, tractor or railway undercarriages; loader cranes; elevating platforms (towers), including elevating platforms with working platforms; crane excavators intended for work with a hook, after their relocation to a new site, is issued by the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting facilities, with an entry in the shift log.
137. The decision to put into operation removable load-gripping devices and containers is recorded in the special "Log for Recording and Periodic Inspection of Removable Load-Gripping Devices and Containers" by the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting facilities. The decision to put into operation special removable cabins or cradles that are attached to the load-handling devices of cranes and used for lifting and transporting people by means of lifting facilities is issued by the engineering and technical worker responsible for production control during the operation of lifting facilities, with an entry in the passport of the cabin or cradle on the basis of positive static load tests of the cabin or cradle and compliance with the requirements of the section "Requirements for the Process of Lifting and Transporting People" of these Federal Norms and Rules.
138. The decision to put a lifting facility into operation is issued by the engineering and technical worker responsible for exercising production control during the operation of the lifting facility, with an entry in the data sheet of the lifting facility, on the basis of the commission's proposals on the possibility of putting the lifting facility into operation in the following cases: upon putting into operation after installation on site of tower cranes (with the exception of lifting facilities specified in sub-clause (b) of paragraph 135 of the Federal Norms and Rules) and goods-and-passenger construction hoists; upon putting into operation after installation on site of bridge-type cranes and portal cranes; upon putting into operation self-propelled cranes of foreign manufacture with a lifting capacity of 25 t or more, as well as rapidly-erected tower cranes of foreign manufacture; upon a change of the operating organisation for lifting facilities that have exhausted their service life. To decide on the possibility of putting a lifting facility into operation, the operating organisation establishes and organises the work of a commission by an internal administrative act. The commission includes: the chairperson of the commission - an authorised representative of the operating organisation; members of the commission: authorised representatives of the operating organisation (at least two), authorised representatives of the installation organisation (by agreement), of the expert organisation (by agreement), as well as an authorised representative of the federal executive authority in the field of industrial safety. During the work of this commission, verification of the operability of the lifting facility and of the possibility of operating the lifting facility is carried out (verification of the compliance of the lifting facility with the requirements of the technical regulations and the documentation specified in paragraph 141 of these Federal Norms and Rules). The results of the verification of the readiness of the lifting facility for putting into operation shall be documented in a certificate of readiness of the lifting facility for putting into operation (hereinafter - the readiness certificate). If a member of the commission disagrees with the commission's conclusions, they shall set out in writing and submit to the commission a dissenting opinion containing substantiation on the merits of the objections raised, indicating the paragraphs, parts and chapters of the regulatory legal acts and of the manufacturer's technical documentation whose fulfilment has not been ensured. The dissenting opinion (if any) shall be attached to the readiness certificate, forming an integral part of it, with a note on the presence of a dissenting opinion being made in the readiness certificate. The readiness certificate shall be attached to the data sheet of the lifting facility and submitted to the head of the operating organisation for a decision on putting (or unreadiness for putting) the lifting facility into operation, taking into account the conclusions contained in the readiness certificate, the dissenting opinion (if any) and the recommendations (if any) on eliminating the observations set out in the readiness certificate (dissenting opinion). If the commission's conclusions (dissenting opinion) indicate violations whose presence adversely affects the operability and safety of operation of the lifting facility, the operating organisation shall take measures to eliminate them before putting the lifting facility into operation. Information on the measures taken to eliminate the violations shall be sent to the organisations and the federal executive authority in the field of industrial safety that were members of the commission. The head's decision to put the lifting facility into operation shall be documented in an internal administrative document of the operating organisation.
139. The operating organisation, at least 10 working days before the day of the commencement of the commission's work, notifies in writing the organisations and the federal executive authority in the field of industrial safety whose representatives are included in the commission of the date of the work of the commission on putting the lifting facility into operation.
140. The results of the commission's work are reflected in the certificate of putting the lifting facility into operation.
141. Before a lifting facility is put into operation at a hazardous production facility, the commission examines the following set of documents: (a) the construction permit for the objects for the assembly of which the lifting facility is to be installed; (b) the data sheet of the lifting facility (in the event of its loss - a duplicate); (c) certificates (declarations) of conformity; (d) the operating manual (instructions) for the lifting facility (in the event of loss - a duplicate); (e) the certificate of completion of installation works in accordance with the operational documentation; (f) the conclusion of the industrial safety expert examination in the event of the absence of a certificate (declaration) of conformity; (g) the work execution plan and the process flow chart in the cases specified in paragraphs 155 - 163 of these Federal Norms and Rules; (h) the acceptance certificate for the rail track (for lifting facilities travelling on rails); (i) documents confirming the conformity and operability of the foundations for a permanently installed tower crane and of the building structures (for the rail tracks of bridge cranes). The documents confirming the conformity and operability of the foundations for a permanently installed tower crane and of the building structures (for the rail tracks of a bridge crane) include documents confirming the actual performance and compliance with the design (working) documentation developed for the arrangement of the foundations and building structures: certificates of inspection of concealed works; as-built geodetic diagrams and drawings; the results of examinations, surveys, laboratory and other works carried out during construction control; documents confirming the exercise of quality control of the building materials (products) used; certificates of inspection of critical structures; documents reflecting the actual execution of the design solutions.
142. The registration of hazardous production facilities where lifting facilities are operated shall be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the Registration of Hazardous Production Facilities in the State Register of Hazardous Production Facilities (hereinafter - the register of hazardous production facilities), approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1371 of 24 November 1998 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1998, No. 48, Art. 5938; 2013, No. 24, Art. 3009), and by Federal Law No. 116-FZ. 143 - 145. Repealed as of 1 September 2024. - Rostechnadzor Order No. 16 of 22 January 2024.
146. Production control over the safe operation of lifting facilities forming part of a hazardous production facility shall be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the Organisation and Exercise of Production Control over Compliance with Industrial Safety Requirements at a Hazardous Production Facility, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 263 of 10 March 1999 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 11, Art. 1305; 2013, No. 31, Art. 4214).
147. Operating organisations shall ensure the maintenance of lifting facilities in working order and safe conditions for their operation through the organisation of proper supervision and servicing, technical examination and repair. To this end, the following shall be: (a) a procedure established for periodic inspections, servicing and repairs ensuring the maintenance of lifting facilities, rail tracks, load-handling devices, attachments and containers in working order; (b) a procedure established for testing the knowledge of personnel and their admission to independent work, with the issue of certificates specifying the type of lifting facility, as well as the types of work and equipment for work on which they are admitted; (c) logs, programmes, schedules for carrying out planned preventive repairs, work execution plans, process flow charts, slinging and storage diagrams, job descriptions for engineering and technical workers, as well as production instructions for personnel, developed and approved on the basis of the data sheet and the operating manual (instructions) for the specific lifting facility, taking into account the features of the technological processes established by the design and technological documentation; (d) the availability of job descriptions and management directives on the safe operation of lifting facilities for engineering and technical workers, and of production instructions for personnel, ensured; (e) conditions created for engineering and technical workers to fulfil the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules and job descriptions, and for personnel to fulfil production instructions.
148. The number of engineering and technical workers of the operating organisation shall be determined by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation, taking into account the requirements of sub-clause (i) of paragraph 22 of these Federal Norms and Rules, as well as taking into account the number of lifting facilities and the actual conditions of operation of the lifting facilities.
149. During the leave, business trip, illness or other cases of absence of the responsible engineering and technical workers, the performance of their duties is assigned, by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation, to workers who deputise for them by position, who have the appropriate qualifications and who have undergone training and certification.
150. Periodic verification of the knowledge of the job descriptions and of these Federal Norms and Rules by the engineering and technical workers responsible for exercising production control during the operation of lifting facilities, the engineering and technical workers responsible for maintaining lifting facilities in working order, and the engineering and technical workers responsible for the safe performance of work, shall be carried out in accordance with an internal administrative act of the operating organisation and conducted by its commission.
151. For the operation of lifting facilities and their servicing, the operating organisation shall appoint, by an internal administrative act, hoist operators, crane operators (operators), their assistants, slingers, fitters, electricians, cradle workers and adjusters (except for the adjusters of specialised organisations engaged). Workers trained in accordance with the requirements set out in the operating manual (instructions) for such a lifting facility may be admitted to operate the lifting facility from the floor or from a stationary control panel, and, when operating the lifting facility using a remote control system (by radio), also taking into account the requirements set out in the operating manual (instructions) for the remote control system.
152. To ensure industrial safety, the operating organisation shall provide personnel with production instructions defining their duties, the procedure for the safe performance of work and their responsibility. Production instructions shall be issued to personnel against signature before they are admitted to work.
153. In cases where the zone serviced by the lifting facility is not fully visible from the control cab (from the control position), and in the absence of radio or telephone communication between the operator (crane operator) and the slinger, a signaller from among the slingers shall be appointed to transmit signals to the operator (crane operator). Signallers are appointed by the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work involving lifting facilities. In cases where the zone serviced by the hoist (tower) is not visible from the control position of the operator (hoist operator), radio or telephone communication shall be used to transmit signals to the operator (hoist operator or the personnel located in the cradle of the hoist or tower).
154. The servicing and repair of lifting facilities, as well as the repair and alignment of rail tracks (for lifting facilities travelling on rails), shall be carried out taking into account the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) for the lifting facility and of these Federal Norms and Rules. The operating organisation shall ensure the timely elimination of the identified faults (defects and damage), as well as ensure the conformity of the lifting facility to the technological process, taking into account the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules. If the lifting facility cannot be brought into conformity with the requirements for ensuring the industrial safety of the technological process in which the lifting facility is used, its operation shall be stopped.
155. The construction organisation plan (hereinafter - COP) involving lifting facilities shall provide for: the conformity of the lifting facilities to be installed with the conditions of the construction and installation works in terms of lifting capacity, lifting height, outreach, the load characteristic of the lifting facility, wind load and the seismicity of the installation area; ensuring a safe distance from networks and overhead power lines, places of movement of urban transport and pedestrians, as well as safe distances of approach of the lifting facility to buildings and places of storage of construction parts and materials in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 98 - 134 of these Federal Norms and Rules; the conformity of the conditions of installation and operation of the lifting facility near the slopes of excavations in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 98 - 134 of these Federal Norms and Rules; the conformity of the conditions of safe operation of several lifting facilities and other equipment (mechanisms) simultaneously present on the construction site; the location of the sites for the storage of loads; the safe location of premises for the sanitary and welfare services of workers, drinking-water installations and rest areas.
156. The work execution plan involving lifting facilities, if this is not specified in the COP, shall provide for: (a) the conformity of the lifting facilities to be installed with the conditions of the construction and installation works in terms of lifting capacity, lifting height and outreach (the load characteristic of the lifting facility), wind load and the seismicity of the installation area; (b) ensuring safe distances from networks and overhead power lines, places of movement of urban transport and pedestrians, as well as safe distances of approach of the lifting facility to equipment, buildings and places of storage of construction parts and materials in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 98 - 134 of these Federal Norms and Rules; (c) the conditions of installation and operation of the lifting facility near the slopes of excavations in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 98 - 134 of these Federal Norms and Rules; (d) the conditions of safe operation of several cranes on one track and on parallel tracks with the use of appropriate indicators and limiters; (e) a list of the load-handling attachments used and graphic representations (diagrams) of the slinging of loads, indicating the methods of tying products, parts and elements whose movement is carried out by the lifting facility using load-handling attachments, as well as the methods of safe turning-over, indicating the load-handling attachments used; (f) the places and overall dimensions of the storage of loads, and access roads; (g) actions for the safe performance of work taking into account the specific conditions on the section where the lifting facility is installed. These actions shall include, among other things: the determination of zones dangerous to people, in which hazardous factors associated with the operation of the lifting facility are constantly present or may be present. The dimensions of these hazardous zones shall correspond to Appendix No. 2 to these Federal Norms and Rules. If, during the construction (reconstruction) of buildings and structures, operational civil or industrial buildings and structures, transport or pedestrian roads and other places of possible presence of people may fall within hazardous zones near the places of movement of loads by the lifting facility and near the buildings under construction, it is necessary to develop actions preventing the conditions for the occurrence of hazardous zones there, including near the places of movement of a load by the lifting facility: it is necessary to equip the lifting facility with additional means of restricting the zone of its operation, by means of which the zone of operation of the lifting facility shall be forcibly restricted in such a way as to prevent the occurrence of hazardous zones in the places where people are present; the speed of slewing of the jib of the lifting facility towards the boundary of the working zone shall be limited to a minimum where the distance from the load being moved to the boundary of the hazardous zone is less than 7 m. These solutions shall be agreed with the owner, holder or other person responsible for the safe use and maintenance of the property falling within the hazardous zone. When determining hazardous zones, the occurrence of hazardous zones from the falling of the lifting facility and its individual units (elements) is not envisaged. (h) the location of premises for the sanitary and welfare services of construction workers, drinking-water installations and rest areas; (i) a section of the building at full height with the jib of the lifting facility positioned above the building (maximum and minimum outreach) and, shown by a dotted line, the projecting metal structures of the lifting facility when slewing through 180 degrees; (j) safe distances from the bottom of the load being moved to the vertically most projecting parts of the building or structure (shall be not less than 0.5 m, and to floors and platforms where people may be present - not less than 2.3 m), taking into account the lengths (by height) of the slings used and the dimensions of the spreader beams (if the latter are present); (k) safe distances from the parts of the jib and the counterweight cantilever, taking into account the dimensions of the counterweight ballast blocks, to the vertically most projecting parts of the building or structure; (l) the dimensions of the horizontally most projecting elements of the building or structure (cornices, balconies, guards, bay windows, canopies and entrances); (m) the conditions of installation of the hoist at the site; (n) the conditions of safe operation of several hoists, including the joint operation of goods hoists, goods-and-passenger hoists and facade hoists, as well as the joint operation of these hoists and tower cranes; (o) actions for the safe performance of work taking into account the specific conditions on the section where the hoist is installed (fencing of the site, of the installation zone). The work execution plan shall provide for an indication of the inadmissibility of carrying out work at height in open places at a wind speed exceeding the data-sheet values of the lifting facility, in icy conditions, during a thunderstorm, in conditions of insufficient visibility (snowfall, rain, fog, twilight). The work execution plan shall provide for a prohibition on the use, for securing process tooling and installation tooling, of equipment, pipelines, process or building structures not intended for these purposes.
157. Work execution plans and process flow charts for loading and unloading operations shall be approved by the organisation operating the lifting facility and issued to the sections where the lifting facilities are to be used before the commencement of work.
158. Engineering and technical workers responsible for the safe performance of work involving lifting facilities, crane operators (operators), hoist operators, cradle workers and slingers shall be familiarised with the work execution plans and process flow charts against signature before the commencement of work.
159. Work execution plans and process flow charts shall include a section containing information on the organisation of the safe performance of work involving lifting facilities. This section shall include: (a) the conditions of joint safe operation of two or more lifting facilities; (b) the conditions of use of coordinate protection of the operation of the lifting facility (where it is present on the lifting facility); (c) the conditions of joint lifting of a load by two or more lifting facilities; (d) the conditions of movement of the lifting facility with a load, as well as the conditions of movement of loads over premises where construction, installation and other works are carried out; (e) the conditions of installation of the lifting facility over underground utilities; (f) the conditions of delivery of loads into floor openings; (g) an extract from the data sheet of the lifting facility on the wind force at which the operation of the lifting facility shall not be permitted; (h) the conditions of organisation of radio communication between the crane operator and the slinger; (i) requirements for the operation of containers; (j) the procedure for the operation of cranes equipped with a grab or a magnet; (k) the actions to be performed where there is a hazardous zone in places of possible movement of transport and pedestrians; (l) the requirements contained in paragraphs 98 - 134 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
160. During the joint operation of several lifting facilities at a construction object, the horizontal distance between them, their jibs, the jib of one lifting facility and the load being moved on the jib of another lifting facility, as well as between the loads being moved, shall be not less than 5 m. It is necessary to observe this same distance when operating several lifting facilities of different types simultaneously used on the construction site. Where the service zones of jointly operating tower cranes intersect, it is necessary that their jibs, as well as the counterweight cantilevers, be at different levels (cranes of the same type shall have a different number of tower sections). The difference in the levels of the beam (horizontally positioned) jibs or the counterweight cantilevers, including the suspension ropes and the load ropes, shall be not less than 1 m (vertically). The conditions of joint safe operation of tower cranes with luffing jibs shall without fail be set out in the work execution plan. When several tower cranes are at their parking positions during non-working hours, the jib of any of the cranes, when slewing, shall not touch the tower or jib, counterweight or ropes of other cranes, and the distance between the cranes or their parts shall be not less than: horizontally - 2 m, vertically - 1 m. The hook block shall be in the upper position, the load trolley - at the minimum outreach, and the crane itself - set on all rail clamps.
161. Self-propelled jib cranes may travel with a load on the hook, whereby the load on the crane and the possibility of such travel shall be established in accordance with the operating manual (instructions) for the crane. The base over which the crane travels with a load shall have a hard surface capable of withstanding, without subsidence, a specific pressure of not less than the values specified in the data sheet or the operating manual (instructions) for the crane. The base shall be level and have a gradient not exceeding that specified in the operating manual (instructions) for the crane. Moving the crane off with a swinging load shall be prohibited.
162. The delivery of loads into openings (hatches) of floors and roofs shall be carried out in accordance with a specially developed work execution plan. When delivering a load into openings (hatches) of floors and roofs, it is necessary to lower the load and raise the hook with the slings at the minimum speed, preventing them from swinging. The distance between the edge of the opening (hatch) and the load (or the hook block, if it is lowered into the opening (hatch)) shall ensure the free movement of the load (or the hook block) through the opening and shall be not less than 0.5 m. When raising a sling through an opening (hatch), the hooks of the slings shall be hung on a detachable link, and the sling shall be guided from below using a hemp rope; the hemp rope is detached from the sling after the sling has been brought out of the opening (hatch). The slinger may approach the load (move away from the load) when the load has been lowered (raised) to a height of not more than 1 m from the level of the surface (platform) where the slinger is located. At the place of receipt (or dispatch) of the loads delivered (or removed) through the opening (hatch), as well as at the opening in the floor (roof), light signalling is installed, warning both of the presence of a load above the opening (hatch) and of its lowering through the opening (hatch), as well as notices and signs prohibiting the presence of people under the load being moved. The light signalling shall be positioned so as to exclude the possibility of its damage by the load being moved or by load-handling attachments. Two-way radio or telephone communication is established between the crane operator and the slinger who is out of the crane operator's sight (in which case the list and designation of the commands given shall be approved by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation), or signallers (appointed from among the slingers) are posted. The commands given by the signaller shall be visible to the crane operator and the slinger. Openings (hatches) made in the inter-truss space shall have level (smooth) walls to prevent the possibility of a load becoming jammed in them.
163. The installation of structures having large windage and dimensions (glazing units, trusses, partitions, wall panels), as well as installation in the zone adjoining buildings (structures) in use, are classified as work in places where hazardous factors are present. Such work shall be carried out in accordance with the work execution plan under the direct supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work involving lifting facilities.
164. Lifting facilities listed in paragraph 2 of these Federal Norms and Rules shall undergo technical examination before being put into operation, as well as during operation. The scope of work, the procedure and the frequency of technical examinations are determined by the operating manual (instructions) for the lifting facility. In the absence of instructions on carrying out technical examination in the operating manual (instructions) for the lifting facility, the technical examination of the lifting facility is carried out in accordance with these Federal Norms and Rules.
165. During their service life, lifting facilities shall undergo periodic technical examination: (a) partial - at least once every 12 months; (b) full - at least once every 3 years, with the exception of lifting facilities for servicing machine halls, electrical and pumping stations and compressor units, as well as other lifting facilities used only during the repair of equipment, for which full technical examination shall be carried out once every 5 years.
166. An extraordinary full technical examination of the lifting facility shall be carried out after: (a) installation caused by the erection of the lifting facility at a new location (except for hoists, towers, jib cranes and rapidly-erected tower cranes); (b) reconstruction (modernisation) of the lifting facility; (c) the repair of design elements of the metal structures and of units with the replacement or use of welding; (d) the installation of interchangeable jib equipment or the replacement of the jib; (e) major repair or replacement of the load or jib winch; (f) replacement of the load-handling device (only static tests are carried out); (g) replacement of the load-bearing or guy ropes of cable-type cranes.
167. The technical examination of the lifting facility shall be carried out by the engineering and technical worker responsible for exercising production control during the operation of the lifting facility, and with the participation of the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the lifting facility in working order.
168. The result of the technical examination shall confirm the following: (a) the lifting facility and its installation at the operating site comply with the requirements of the operational documentation and these Federal Norms and Rules; (b) the lifting facility is in a condition that ensures its safe operation.
169. During a full technical examination, lifting facilities shall undergo: (a) inspection; (b) static tests; (c) dynamic tests; (d) stability tests for lifting facilities having stability characteristics in the data sheet (taking into account the instructions of paragraphs 186 - 187 of these Federal Norms and Rules), with the exception of lifting facilities not requiring additional installation at their operating site. During a partial technical examination, static and dynamic tests of the lifting facility are not carried out.
170. During the technical examination, lifting facilities shall be inspected, and their mechanisms, brakes, hydraulic and electrical equipment, indicators, limiters and recorders - checked in operation. In addition, during the technical examination of a crane, the following shall be checked: (a) the condition of the metal structures of the crane and of its welded (riveted, bolted) joints (the absence of cracks, deformations, loosening of the riveted and bolted joints), as well as the condition of the cab, ladders, platforms and guards; (b) the condition of the hook and pulleys. For cranes transporting molten metal and liquid slag, the inspection of forged and stamped hooks and of the parts of their suspension, as well as of the parts of the suspension of laminated hooks, shall be carried out by a laboratory using non-destructive testing methods. During non-destructive testing, the absence of cracks in the threaded part of the forged (stamped) hook, and the absence of cracks in the threaded part of the fork of the laminated hook and in the axle of the connection of the laminated hook with the fork or the spreader beam, shall be checked. The laboratory's conclusion shall be kept together with the data sheet of the lifting facility; (c) the actual distance between the hook suspension and the stop upon the actuation of the limit switch and the stopping of the lifting mechanism; (d) the condition of the insulation of the wires and the earthing of the electric crane, with the determination of their resistance; (e) the correspondence of the actually installed mass of the counterweight and ballast to the drawing and the data of the crane's data sheet; (f) the condition of the fastening of the axles and pins; (g) the condition of the rail track, its correspondence to the operating manual for the lifting facility, to the design, and to the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules; (h) the correspondence of the condition of the ropes and their fastening to the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) for the lifting facility and to the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules; (i) the condition of the lighting and signalling. During the technical examination of hoists, the following shall be checked: (a) the condition of the metal structures of the hoist and of its welded (bolted) joints (the absence of cracks, deformations, loosening of the bolted joints), as well as the condition of the cab, ladders, platforms and guards; (b) the correspondence of the actually installed mass of the counterweight and ballast (if any) to the drawing and the data of the hoist's data sheet; (c) the condition of the fastening of the axles and pins; (d) the condition of the hydraulic equipment (if any); (e) the condition of the electrical earthing; (f) the operability of the safety catchers, with tests carried out (for construction hoists); (g) verification of the accuracy of stopping of the cab with the full working load and without load (for construction hoists). The rejection criteria for assembly units, mechanisms of the lifting facility, steel ropes and the rail track shall be specified in the operating manual (instructions) for the lifting facility. In the absence of the relevant criteria in the operating manual for the lifting facility, the rejection of rail tracks is carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in Appendix No. 3 to these Federal Norms and Rules.
171. Static tests are carried out to verify the structural suitability of the lifting facility and its assembly units. Before the tests are carried out, the brakes of all mechanisms of the lifting facility shall be adjusted in accordance with the operating manual to the braking torque specified in the data sheet of the lifting facility, and the load capacity limiter - switched off. Static tests shall be carried out for each lifting mechanism and, if this is provided for in the data sheet of the lifting facility, during the joint operation of the lifting mechanisms in positions and design variants selected in such a way that the forces in the ropes, the bending moments and (or) the axial forces in the main elements of the lifting facility are the greatest. Static tests shall be carried out with the following loads (in relation to the nominal lifting capacity specified in the data sheet): 125 per cent - for lifting facilities of all types (except hoists); 140 per cent - for pipelayer cranes; 200 per cent - for goods-and-passenger and facade construction hoists; 150 per cent - for goods construction hoists (with the load-carrying device not extended); 125 per cent - the same with the load-carrying device fully extended; 150 per cent - for other types of hoists (towers). The nominal lifting capacity takes into account the mass of any devices that are a permanent part of the lifting facility in the working position. The mass of the test loads shall not differ from the required mass by more than 3 per cent.
172. Static tests of a bridge crane shall be carried out as follows. The crane is positioned over the supports of the crane track, and its trolley (trolleys) in a position corresponding to the greatest deflection of the bridge; a first height reading of the position of one of the chords of the main girder is taken (using a metal wire, an optical device or a laser rangefinder). The test load is then raised by the crane to a height of 50-100 mm, a second height reading of the position of the same chord of the main girder is taken, and the crane is held in this position for 10 minutes. If spontaneous lowering of the raised load is detected, the tests are stopped and their results are deemed unsatisfactory. After not less than 10 minutes the load is lowered, after which a third height reading of the position of the same chord of the main girder is taken. If the value of the third measurement coincides with the first and there is no residual deformation of the crane bridge, the test results are deemed satisfactory. Static tests of a gantry crane and a bridge reloader are carried out in the same way as the tests of a bridge crane; in a crane with cantilevers, each cantilever is tested separately. If there is residual deformation resulting from the testing of the crane with a load, the crane shall not be permitted to operate until a specialised organisation has ascertained the causes of the deformation and determined the possibility of its further operation. Static tests of cable cranes shall be performed similarly to the tests of bridge-type cranes, with the position of the load being monitored (the load shall remain in its initially raised state above the ground for 30 minutes). The position of the upper parts of the supports is also monitored; these shall not move horizontally while the test load is being applied. The supports shall return to their original position when the test load is lowered.
173. Static tests of bridge-type cranes intended for servicing power stations, where testing with the use of loads is impossible (impractical), may be carried out using special devices that make it possible to create the test load without applying a load. The procedure for carrying out such tests shall be defined in the instructions. In this case dynamic tests are not carried out.
174. Static tests of a jib-type crane having one or several load ratings, during a periodic or unscheduled technical examination, are carried out in the position corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity of the crane and/or the maximum load moment, if this does not contradict the requirements set out in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility. Tests of cranes having interchangeable jib equipment are carried out with the jib equipment installed. After replacement of the jib equipment, cranes shall also be subjected to testing. Tests of jib-type cranes not having a radius-changing mechanism are carried out at the radii set for the tests. At these same radii, subject to satisfactory results of the technical examination, subsequent operation of the crane is permitted.
175. For carrying out static tests of jib-type cranes and loader cranes, a site for positioning the crane shall be prepared (with the required soil density and gradient ensured) in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions) of the crane. If the tests are performed without outriggers (in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instructions)), it is necessary to check the tyre pressure of the wheels (for lifting facilities on automobile and pneumatic-wheeled chassis). During static tests the jib is positioned, relative to the running support part, in the position corresponding to the lowest design stability of the crane, and the load is raised to a height of 50-100 mm. The taking of measurements of residual deformations during the tests is carried out in accordance with paragraph 172 of these Federal Norms and Rules, with the change of positions from the initial values being checked at the jib head. If, within 10 minutes, the raised load does not descend to the ground and no cracks, residual deformations or other damage to the metal structures and mechanisms are found, the test result is deemed positive.
176. Static tests of a pipelayer crane or a loader crane shall be carried out with it positioned on a horizontal site in the position corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity. After interchangeable jib equipment has been installed on the pipelayer crane (loader crane), the tests are carried out in the position corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity, with the equipment installed. The load is raised to a height of 50-100 mm above the ground and held for not less than 10 minutes. The pipelayer crane and the loader crane are deemed to have passed the tests if, within 10 minutes, the raised load has not descended and no cracks, residual deformations or other damage are found. The taking of measurements of residual deformations during the tests is carried out in accordance with paragraph 172 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
177. During static tests of a construction hoist, the load shall be located on the stationary load-carrying device, positioned at a height of not more than 150 mm above the level of the lower landing platform (the ground). A construction hoist is deemed to have passed the static tests if, within 10 minutes, no displacement of the load-carrying device has occurred and no cracks, residual deformations or other damage to the metal structures and mechanisms have been found.
178. Static tests of lifts (towers) (except construction ones) shall be carried out with the lift (tower) positioned on a horizontal site in the position corresponding to its lowest design stability. On lifts (towers) equipped with a cradle, a load with a mass equal to 110 per cent of the rated lifting capacity is placed in the cradle, and a second load with a mass equal to 40 per cent of the rated lifting capacity is suspended from the cradle on a flexible suspension. After the start of hoisting and the lifting of the second load off the ground to a height of 50-100 mm, the hoisting is stopped, with the total load subsequently held for 10 minutes. The taking of measurements of residual deformations during the tests is carried out in accordance with paragraph 172 of these Federal Norms and Rules. The lifting of one of the supports of the lift (tower) off the ground is not regarded as a sign of loss of stability. The lift (tower) is deemed to have passed the test if, within 10 minutes, the raised load has not descended and no damage has been found in the metal structures. During the tests, any movements of the lift (tower) (other than raising and lowering) with a load of a mass equal to 150 per cent of the rated lifting capacity shall be prohibited.
179. Dynamic tests of a lifting facility are carried out with a load whose mass exceeds its rated lifting capacity stated in the data sheet by 10 per cent, and are intended to check the operation of its mechanisms and brakes. During dynamic tests of a lifting facility, repeated (not less than three times) raising and lowering of the load are performed, as well as a check of the operation of all other mechanisms when combining the working movements provided for by the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility.
180. For lifting facilities equipped with two or more hoisting mechanisms, static and dynamic tests shall be carried out in respect of each mechanism, if their separate operation is provided for.
181. If a lifting facility is used only for raising and lowering a load, its dynamic tests are not carried out.
182. Tests of a newly installed lifting facility having several interchangeable load-handling devices shall be carried out during the technical examination of the lifting facility with all the load-handling devices specified in the data sheet of the lifting facility. Repeat tests during a periodic technical examination of a lifting facility having several interchangeable load-handling devices are permitted to be carried out only with the load-handling device that is installed at the time of testing.
183. For carrying out static and dynamic tests, the operating organisation shall ensure the availability of a set of test (control) loads with an indication of their actual mass. If the tests are carried out on completion of repair or reconstruction of the lifting facility on the premises of a specialised organisation, the availability of the test loads is ensured by that specialised organisation.
184. On construction hoists, during a full technical examination, the operability of the safety catches (emergency stops) is additionally tested. These tests shall be carried out with a 10 per cent overload in accordance with the operating documentation: for hoists fitted with speed governors, from the actuation of these governors; for hoists not having a speed governor, by simulating the breakage of the hoisting ropes; for rack-and-pinion hoists, by pressing the brake-release button. During the tests of a construction hoist, the load-carrying device shall be positioned near the lower landing platform at a height of not more than 1.5 times the braking distance specified in the data sheet and determined taking into account the accelerations specified in the operating manual (instructions) of the construction hoist.
185. Tests of safety catches and emergency stops for all types of hoists shall provide for stopping the load-carrying device without a person being in the immediate vicinity of the load-carrying device.
186. Load stability tests are carried out during the initial technical examination of a self-propelled jib crane in cases where its data sheet contains no references to the results of such previously carried out tests, or where the structure of the crane (the jib, fly jib, outriggers or slewing bearing) has been subjected to repair of the design elements of the metal structures with replacement of elements or with the use of welding, or to a change of the original geometric dimensions.
187. For all jib-type cranes and lifts (towers) in which the cradle is fixed to the jib head, stability tests during repeat technical examinations are not carried out, unless otherwise specified in their operating manual (instructions).
188. Tests shall be carried out at those positions and configurations within a defined working zone at which the stability of the crane is minimal. If different loads are specified for different positions or working zones, then stability tests shall be carried out for the selection of these conditions.
189. The results of the technical examination of a lifting facility are recorded in its data sheet by the engineering and technical worker responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the lifting facility who conducted the examination, with an indication of the date of the next examination. During the examination of a newly installed lifting facility, the entry in the data sheet shall confirm that the lifting facility has been assembled and installed in accordance with the operating manual, these Federal Norms and Rules, and has passed the tests. The entry in the data sheet of an operating lifting facility that has undergone a periodic technical examination shall confirm that the lifting facility meets the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules, is in working condition and has passed the tests. In this case, permission for the further operation of the lifting facility is issued by the engineering and technical worker responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the lifting facility, with a corresponding entry in the data sheet.
190. During the technical examination, an assessment of the operability of the design elements of the metal structures of the lifting facility and of its welded (riveted, bolted) connections shall be carried out, and the absence of cracks, residual deformations, thinning of walls due to corrosion, and loosening of the connections of the cabin, ladders, platforms and guards shall be checked (the rejection standards in accordance with Appendix No. 3 to these Federal Norms and Rules are applied, if this does not contradict the requirements set out in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility). The assessment of the operability of the mechanisms and control systems is carried out on the basis of the data given in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility. The assessment of the operability of steel ropes, chains, rail tracks and load-handling attachments is carried out in accordance with the methods and rejection indicators given in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility, and in their absence - in accordance with the requirements of these Federal Norms and Rules. The assessment of the operability of the indicators, limiters and recorders of the lifting facility's operation is carried out on the basis of the data given in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility or in the operating manual (instructions) of the respective indicators, limiters and recorders, and in their absence in accordance with the instructions set out in paragraphs 259-269 of these Federal Norms and Rules. A negative result of the technical examination of a lifting facility is documented by a report that reflects the identified non-conformities with the requirements of the operating documentation and these Federal Norms and Rules, and also gives information on the exceedance of the standard values of the monitored parameters and a description of the signs of the inoperable condition of the lifting facility.
191. Steel ropes installed on a lifting facility when replacing previously installed ones shall correspond in purpose, length and diameter to those specified in the data sheet of the lifting facility, and shall have a utilisation factor by breaking force not lower than that established for the classification group of the operating mode of the lifting facility's mechanism, and shall have a certificate of the rope's manufacturer. Steel ropes not having the specified documents shall not be permitted for use. The use of ropes manufactured abroad is permitted if, by their purpose, they correspond to the technology of use of the lifting facility, have a diameter equal to the diameter of the rope being replaced, and their utilisation factor by breaking force is not lower than that established for the classification group of the operating mode of the lifting facility's mechanism. Replacing cross-lay steel ropes with one-directional-lay ropes shall be prohibited. After the replacement of worn hoisting, jib or other ropes on cranes, loader cranes, lifts (towers), and also in all cases of re-reeving of ropes, checks of the correctness of the reeving and of the reliability of the fastening of the rope ends shall be carried out, as well as tensioning of the ropes with a load corresponding to the rated lifting capacity stated in the data sheet; an entry to that effect shall be made in the data sheet of the lifting facility by the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the lifting facility in working condition.
192. The fastening of a steel rope on a lifting facility when it is replaced shall correspond to the previously adopted design of its fastening.
193. The conformity of the utilisation factor (safety factor) of the steel ropes selected for replacement shall be checked by calculation using the formula: where: Fo is the breaking force of the rope as a whole (N), taken from the certificate (the certificate of their testing); Zp is the minimum utilisation factor of the rope (safety factor), determined from the table given in Appendix No. 1 to these Federal Norms and Rules, depending on the classification group (duty) of the mechanism. If the data sheet of the lifting facility does not contain the classification group of the mechanism, it is determined in accordance with Appendix No. 4 to these Federal Norms and Rules; S is the greatest tension of the rope leg (N), specified in the data sheet of the lifting facility. If the certificate gives the total breaking force of the wires of the rope, the value of Fo may be determined by multiplying the total breaking force of the wires by the factor 0.83.
194. The rejection of steel ropes in service shall be carried out in accordance with these Federal Norms and Rules.
195. Steel chains installed on a lifting facility shall be certified and shall correspond, in grade and breaking force, to the values specified in the data sheet of the lifting facility. Non-certified steel chains shall not be permitted for use. The use of chains manufactured abroad is permitted if, by their purpose, they correspond to the technology of use of the lifting facility, have a chain diameter and pitch equal to the diameter and pitch of the chain being replaced, and a breaking force not lower than that specified in the data sheet of the lifting facility for the chain being replaced. The safety factor, when replacing plate chains used in the mechanisms of a lifting facility, in relation to the breaking load shall be not less than 3 for the classification groups (duties) of the mechanism (determined in accordance with Appendix No. 4 to these Federal Norms and Rules) M1-M2, and not less than 5 for the other classification groups of mechanisms. The safety factors, when replacing welded load chains of hoisting mechanisms, in relation to the breaking load shall be not less than 3 for the classification groups (duties) of the mechanism (determined in accordance with Appendix No. 4 to these Federal Norms and Rules) M1-M2; not less than 6 for load chains operating on a smooth drum, and not less than 8 for calibrated load chains operating on a sprocket, for the other classification groups of mechanisms. If the data sheet of the lifting facility does not contain the classification group of the mechanism, it is determined in accordance with Appendix No. 4 to these Federal Norms and Rules.
196. The splicing of chains is permitted by electric welding of new inserted links or by means of special connecting links. After splicing, the chain shall be tested with a load exceeding its design tension by 1.25 times, for 10 minutes.
197. The rejection of steel chains in service shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 272 of these Federal Norms and Rules.
198. The rail track for supported and suspended lifting facilities on a rail chassis (excluding railway cranes) shall meet the requirements given by the manufacturer in the operating manual (instructions) and the data sheet of the lifting facility. The arrangement and dimensions of the ladders, landing platforms and galleries of elevated rail tracks shall meet the requirements of the design documentation for the rail track. When installing on an operating rail track an additional lifting facility, or one in place of a previously used one but of greater lifting capacity and/or mass or with a higher classification group, a calculation of the track shall be carried out (for an elevated track, also of the crane-supporting building structures) to verify the admissibility of the increased load. The calculation shall be attached to the data sheet of the lifting facility.
199. The rail track of a lifting facility (excluding the rail tracks of tower and railway cranes) and the rail track of load-carrying suspended trolleys or electric hoists, equipped with switches or turntables, and also the places where a lifting facility or its load trolley transfers from one track to another, shall meet the following requirements: (a) ensure smooth passage without jamming; (b) be equipped with locks with an electrical interlock that prevents passage when the lock is not locked; (c) have an automatically activated interlock that prevents the load trolley (electric hoist) from running off the rail when it moves onto the cantilever of a disconnected section of the track; (d) ensure control of the switching of the switch or turntable from the signal of the control system of the load trolley (electric hoist); (e) be equipped with a single switch for supplying voltage to the trolley wires (or electric cable) of the load trolley (electric hoist), to the switch control mechanisms and to the electrical apparatus of the interlocking devices. Such a switch shall have an appropriate designation, as well as a device for locking it in the off position.
200. The rails on the rail track shall be fastened in such a way that, during the travel of a lifting facility, their transverse and longitudinal displacement is prevented (except for elastic deformations under the load of the travelling lifting facility). On each rail line of the rail track, two buffer stops shall be installed, delimiting the working zone served by the lifting facility. The fastening of the buffer stops to the rail by means of welding shall not be permitted. When installing the buffer stops, the alignment of the stop's shock absorber with the crane buffer shall be ensured. For lifting facilities installed on a ground-level rail track, with a supply electric cable and a cable drum, the base of the track shall be graded to the level of the top of the half-sleepers (the reinforced concrete beam), or a cable trough shall be installed along the rail track. For lifting facilities without a cable drum, the presence of a cable trough along the rail track is mandatory.
201. The crossing of vehicles over the tracks of lifting facilities travelling on a ground-level rail track shall be arranged by the operating organisation, taking into account the intensity of vehicle traffic.
202. The intersection of the tracks of gantry, tower and portal cranes with the rail tracks of factory transport is permitted after the operating organisation has developed actions to prevent the collision of operating cranes with rolling stock. The intersection of the rail track of a portal crane with railway tracks is permitted after the operating organisation has developed actions to prevent the collision of operating cranes with rolling stock and after approval by the organisation under whose jurisdiction the organisation of traffic on the railway tracks falls.
203. The readiness of the rail track for operation, including after repair (reconstruction), shall be confirmed by a handover and acceptance report (with the results of the plan and elevation survey attached to it). The limiting values of deviations of the rail track from its design position shall not exceed the values specified in Appendix No. 5 to these Federal Norms and Rules. Defects of the rails and sleepers of the rail track shall not exceed the rejection standards given in Appendix No. 3 to these Federal Norms and Rules.
204. On each rail track, a section shall be allocated for parking the lifting facility in the non-operating state.
205. Rail tracks in service shall be subjected to constant checking, periodic integrated survey, maintenance and repair (the latter - as necessary).
206. The check of the condition of the rail track includes: each-shift inspection (each-shift inspection of an elevated rail track is carried out only for lifting facilities controlled from the cabin); a scheduled or unscheduled check of the condition.
207. The each-shift inspection of the rail track is carried out by the crane operator (operator) to the extent provided for by the production instruction.
208. The inspection of the condition of the rail tracks after every 24 shifts of operation is carried out by the crane operator (operator) under the supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the lifting facility in working condition.
209. The scheduled check is carried out not less than once a year under the supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the lifting facility. The scheduled check of the condition of the rail tracks is carried out not less than once every 12 months by the workers specified in paragraphs 207-208 of these Federal Norms and Rules, under the supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the lifting facility. Based on the results of the scheduled check, the conformity of the rail tracks with the requirements of the design documentation shall be confirmed.
210. The results of inspections of the rail tracks (with the exception of elevated rail tracks of lifting facilities controlled from the floor), after every 24 shifts of operation of the lifting facility, are entered by the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the lifting facility in working condition into the data sheet of the rail track or into the shift logs of the crane operators (operators) of all lifting facilities installed on the same rail track. The results of inspections of elevated rail tracks of lifting facilities controlled from the floor, after every 24 shifts of operation of the lifting facility, are entered by the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the lifting facility in working condition into the rail track inspection log. The results of the scheduled and unscheduled checks of the condition of the rail tracks that have been carried out are documented by reports (kept with the data sheets of the lifting facilities).
211. The unscheduled check of ground-level rail tracks is carried out to the extent of a scheduled check after downpours or winter thaws, under the supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for carrying out production control during the operation of the lifting facility.
212. The periodic integrated survey of the rail tracks is carried out by specialised organisations and includes the performance of the following set of works: a check of the presence of the operation service of the hazardous production facility responsible for the condition of the rail tracks; a check of the presence of the design and operating documentation; an element-by-element survey of the rail tracks, including an assessment of the actual condition of the rail track; the preparation of the results of the integrated survey: the documentation of the instrumental measurements, including measurements of its earthing resistance, and the compilation of a defect list.
213. The results of the integrated survey shall be documented by a report.
214. The integrated survey of the rail tracks (ground-level and elevated) shall be carried out not less than once every three years, and also after floodings, inundations, earthquakes and mudflows that have occurred in the territory where the lifting facility is located.
215. The industrial safety requirements for the operation of load-handling attachments, including those for carrying out maintenance, repair and reconstruction, shall correspond to the industrial safety requirements for the operation of the lifting facility with which they are used for their intended purpose.
216. Personnel appointed to carry out slinging work, including the attaching to the hook of the lifting facility, hooking and binding of loads moved by the lifting facility using load-handling attachments, shall have a level of qualification corresponding to the trade of "slinger". The same requirement is imposed on the personnel of the main working trades whose duties include the hanging on the hook of a load without prior binding (a load having loops, eyebolts or trunnions, or located in buckets, tubs, containers or other packaging), and also in cases where the load is gripped by semi-automatic gripping devices. For lifting facilities controlled from the floor, the hooking of a load onto the hook without prior binding is permitted to be carried out by personnel who have passed a check of skills in hooking loads and an on-the-job briefing.
217. The safe use of load-handling attachments includes the performance by the operating organisation of the following functions: (a) the development of work execution plans and process charts containing slinging diagrams, with an indication of the methods of binding the parts, assemblies and other elements of equipment whose raising and moving during installation, dismantling and repair are performed by a lifting facility using load-handling attachments, as well as the methods of safe turning-over of the component parts of equipment, with an indication of the load-handling attachments used for this; (b) the provision to the personnel involved in the slinging, raising and moving of loads of work execution plans and process charts, which shall set out the diagrams of slinging, storage and turning-over of loads, of loading and unloading of vehicles, rolling stock or vessels, as well as a list of the load-handling attachments used; (c) the familiarisation (against signature) with the work execution plans and process charts of the engineering and technical workers responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting facilities, as well as of the slingers and crane operators; (d) the provision to the slingers of distinctive marks and of tested and marked removable load-handling attachments corresponding to the mass and nature of the loads being handled; (e) the placement, in the area of work of the lifting facility, of a list of the main loads moved by it with an indication of their mass. For crane operators (operators) and slingers servicing jib-type cranes, loader cranes and pipelayer cranes during construction and installation work, such a list shall be handed out to them; (f) the calculation of slings made of steel ropes before operation shall be carried out taking into account the number of rope legs and their angle of inclination to the vertical. The design load of an individual leg of a multi-leg sling shall be calculated on the condition of uniform tension of each of the legs and observance (in the general case) of a design angle between the legs equal to 90 degrees. For a sling with a number of legs greater than three that take the design load, no more than three legs shall be taken into account in the calculation. When calculating slings intended for transporting a previously known load, the actual angles are taken as the design angles between the legs of the slings. When replacing individual legs of slings in service, they shall satisfy the following safety factors: not less than 6 for those made of steel ropes; not less than 4 for those made of steel chains; not less than 7 for those made of tapes or threads (round-strand slings) on a polymer base. For the legs of special slings (transporting, bundling) used for not more than 5 transfers of bundles of long-length loads (rolled metal, pipes, sawn timber) in one working cycle from the manufacturer to the end consumer, after which they are disposed of, safety factors of not less than 5 are assigned; (g) ensuring the performance of the slinging of loads in accordance with the slinging diagrams.
218. Removable load-handling attachments and containers recognised as unfit for use in work, including on account of the absence of the necessary marking, as well as load-handling attachments with an expired period of safe operation (service life), shall not be present at the places where work using lifting facilities is performed.
219. Slingers and crane operators (operators) shall inspect the load-handling attachments before their use; in doing so, the rejection indicators given in their operating manual (instructions) shall be used.
220. For the monitoring of the technical condition of the elements, assemblies and connections of load-handling attachments (tongs, spreader beams, grippers) that cannot be determined in the assembled state, their partial disassembly, inspection and revision shall be carried out annually, on the dates defined by a schedule approved by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation. If cracks are detected on the bushings in the design elements of the metal structures of the spreader beams and grippers, non-destructive testing methods shall be applied. It is advisable to combine the dates of this inspection with technical examinations of the lifting facility or with routine repairs of the lifting facility.
221. The repair and reconstruction of removable load-handling attachments shall be carried out according to a design developed by the manufacturer or a specialised organisation (meeting the requirements of paragraph 11 of these Federal Norms and Rules) and containing requirements for the materials used, for the quality control of welding, for the acceptance procedure and for the documentation of the results of the repair (reconstruction) performed. The repair of slings shall be carried out by replacing the worn elements with similar new ones; in this case a design is not developed.
222. After load-handling devices and load-carrying containers have been repaired, a check of the quality of the repair carried out shall be performed, with static tests of the load-handling device under a load equal to 125 per cent of its rated lifting capacity stated in the passport, and static tests of the container (except for cargo containers) under a load equal to 110 per cent of the difference between the gross and net masses specified in the container characteristics.
223. The legs of multi-leg slings and lifting beams, detachable links, hooks and other easily replaceable (without welding, splicing, swaging or stitching) load-bearing elements of load-handling devices that are used to replace damaged or worn ones shall bear the necessary marking of the manufacturer, and a note of the repair carried out shall be made in the passport of the load-handling device.
224. During the operation of removable load-handling devices and containers, the operating organisation, acting through a designated engineering and technical worker (or engineering and technical workers in accordance with the requirements of sub-clause (i) of paragraph 22 of these Federal Norms and Rules), shall periodically inspect them: lifting beams, tongs, grippers and containers - every month; slings - every 10 days; removable load-handling devices used less frequently than once every 10 days - before the start of work. The inspection of removable load-handling devices and containers shall be carried out in accordance with instructions approved by an internal administrative act of the operating organisation (in the absence of a standard or the manufacturer's rejection criteria) and setting out the procedure and methods of inspection and the rejection criteria. Removable load-handling devices found to be damaged during inspection shall be removed from service. Checking the condition of packaging slings shall be carried out before each operation of lifting a packaged load by raising the package in accordance with the approved slinging diagrams to a height of 100-200 mm above the surface on which the package rests and holding it in this position for at least 30 seconds. If the shape and integrity of the load package have not changed during the holding time, the sling is deemed fit for further use.
225. The results of the inspection of removable load-handling devices and containers shall be entered in the load-handling-device inspection log. The results of assessing the condition of packaging slings that are on the load in the packaged state, carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 224 of these Federal Norms and Rules, need not be entered in the removable load-handling-device inspection log.
226. Tower cranes with a container discharged while suspended may be used within the classification group (mode) specified in the crane passport, with a number of crane operating cycles of no more than 8 per hour and the following values of the total mass of the container together with the load being moved: for a container without vibrators (excluding grabs) - within the lifting capacity of the crane; for a container with a vibrator - no more than 50 per cent of the maximum lifting capacity of the crane; for single-rope grabs that do not permit discharge while suspended - no more than 50 per cent of the lifting capacity of the crane; for cranes produced in several versions (differing in the reeving ratio of the load rope, the tower height or the boom length), the maximum lifting capacity shall be understood as the greatest value of lifting capacity among all the available versions of the given crane. Discharge of the container while suspended shall be carried out uniformly over a period of at least 10 seconds. Instantaneous discharge of the container while suspended shall be prohibited.
227. The installation of vibrators on a container shall be permitted only when the rotation axis of the unbalanced masses is vertical. The magnitude of the exciting force of the vibrator shall not exceed 4 kN.
228. The movement of small-piece loads shall be permitted only in special containers intended for this purpose, so as to preclude the possibility of individual parts of the load falling out. The movement of bricks on pallets without a guard shall be carried out only when unloading (loading) vehicles onto the ground (and from the ground), unless otherwise specified in the operating manual (instructions), other operating documents for the container or in the work execution plan. The lifting of pallets with packages of bricks or ceramic blocks to the bricklayer's workplace shall be carried out using containers that preclude the possibility of bricks and blocks falling. The lifting of packages on pallets without guard devices shall be prohibited.
229. The necessity, conditions and methods of testing load-handling devices during operation shall be determined taking into account the requirements of the manufacturer's operating documentation.
230. When testing multi-leg slings, their legs shall be arranged at an angle of 90 degrees to each other in the vertical plane. Tests may be carried out at a different angle with a corresponding recalculation of the test loads.
231. When testing special load-handling devices with which the attachment of test loads is impossible, the test procedure instructions shall provide a scheme for the reliable attachment of a test load of the necessary mass to the products for which the load-handling devices are intended. In this case the mass of the products is a component part of the test load. Deviations in mass shall not exceed 3 per cent. The static strength of the grab structure shall be checked by symmetrical loading of the jaws with a test load. Where it is necessary to make up the mass of the test load, part of the previously weighed load is placed inside the grab, and an additional load is suspended from the jaws from below. The entire mass of the test load may also be suspended from the jaws. The suspension scheme shall be given in the operating manual (instructions) of the grab or set out in the test procedure instructions.
232. Static tests of a load-handling device are carried out with a static load exceeding its lifting capacity by 25 per cent, in the following sequence: the test load, engaged (encompassed, lashed) by the load-handling device being tested or suspended from it, is raised with the smallest possible accelerations to a height of 50-100 mm and held in this position for at least 10 minutes; on expiry of the specified time the test load is lowered onto the platform.
233. The results of static tests of load-handling devices are analysed after the load has been removed from them. In the presence of residual deformation resulting from testing with a load, the load-handling device shall not be allowed into service. Tests are stopped or suspended when an emergency situation arises that threatens the safety of the persons taking part in the tests. Tests may be resumed only after the causes that led to the stopping or suspension of the tests have been eliminated.
234. The results of testing load-handling devices and containers with a static load shall be documented in a test report (protocol). In the event of positive results, it shall be confirmed therein that the load-handling device and container have passed the tests and comply with the requirements of the current passport and operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility and are in working order. In the event of negative results, the report sets out the defects and damage identified and the probable causes of their origin. In this case the load-handling device and container shall be sent for repair or disposal.
235. The lifting and transport of people using lifting facilities whose passport does not contain a permit for the transport of people shall be permitted in the following cases: (a) during the installation, construction and erection of facilities, when other methods of delivering workers to the work zone cannot be applied; (b) during the installation and servicing of free-standing drilling and other oil and gas production rigs; (c) at enterprises and docks carrying out work on the construction and repair of ship hulls; (d) on oil and gas platforms installed offshore, for changing personnel under the rotational shift method of servicing the platforms; (e) when moving personnel to secure and release containers and loads; (f) when carrying out diagnostics and repair of the metal structures of a lifting facility, when the use of other scaffolding means is impossible; (g) during the emergency transport of people who are unable to move independently. Work execution plans for the lifting and transport of people using a lifting facility shall be developed with the mandatory condition of complying with the industrial safety requirements set out in these Federal Norms and Rules, and agreed with the territorial bodies of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Rostechnadzor), except in cases of emergency transport of people.
236. The lifting and transport of people using a lifting facility shall be carried out in a cradle (cabin) intended only for these purposes.
237. A lifting facility selected for transporting people in the cases specified in paragraph 235 of these Federal Norms and Rules shall meet the following requirements: (a) have a control system for the mechanisms ensuring their smooth start and stop; (b) have at least a twofold margin of lifting capacity compared with the sum of the mass of the cradle (cabin) itself, the mass of the device intended for suspending the cradle (cabin) and the rated lifting capacity of the cradle (cabin) stated in the passport; (c) ensure a speed of vertical movement of the cabin of no more than 20 m per minute.
238. A cradle (cabin) selected for transporting people in the cases specified in paragraph 235 of these Federal Norms and Rules shall not be used for purposes other than those specified in its passport and operating manual (instructions), and shall meet at least the following safety requirements: (a) the vertical distance from the cabin (cradle) floor to any possible obstacle - the roof of the cabin (cradle), a beam of the cabin frame, a crossbar - shall be at least 2 m. If the cabin has a covering, it shall prevent any accidentally falling objects from entering the cabin; (b) the floor decking of the cabin (cradle) shall be securely fixed to the frame of the cabin (cradle), have a hard, non-slip surface and withstand a load at least twice the lifting capacity of the cradle stated in the passport. The decking shall be provided with drainage holes to prevent the accumulation of liquid; (c) along the outer edge of the base of the cabin (cradle) a space shall be formed that prevents the feet of nearby people from being trapped when the cabin (cradle) is lowered to the ground; (d) have rigid guard railings at least 1100 mm high around the entire perimeter of the cradle floor, preventing personnel from accidentally slipping out when the cradle sways during transport. Up to a height of 0.5 m the guard shall be solid; (e) the entry (exit) doors of the cabin (cradle) shall not open outwards and shall have an automatic lock that prevents their accidental opening; (f) be suspended from a single-horn or double-horn hook of the lifting facility by means of a ring or rings which, in the working position, shall be non-detachable; the cradle (cabin) may be moved by cranes fitted with spreaders; (g) preclude the possibility of overturning in the case where the transported personnel take up a position at one side of the cradle, creating the greatest overturning moment; (h) have a document confirming compliance with the requirements of Article 7 of Federal Law No. 116-FZ.
239. To ensure safety, the slings used to suspend the cradle (cabin) from a single-horn or double-horn hook of the lifting facility shall not be used for other purposes and shall have, in an individual sling leg, a safety factor of the rope (chain) with respect to breaking load of: for chain slings - at least 8; for wire-rope slings - at least 10. For the thimbles (shackles, rings) used to suspend the cradle from the hook, the safety factor shall be at least 10. The ends of wire-rope slings shall be secured by means of spliced thimbles or thimbles with clamps. The use of compression sleeves shall not be permitted. The use of textile slings for suspending the cradle (cabin) shall not be permitted. The length of the slings used for lifting the cradle (cabin) shall be established in accordance with the developed slinging diagrams specified in the work execution plan. Where welding work needs to be carried out from the cradle (cabin), its independent earthing shall be provided, or methods of insulating the cradle (cabin) from the lifting facility shall be used.
240. For lifting and moving a cradle (cabin), only automatic spreaders with interlocking of the opening of the rotary locks may be used. The use of mechanical spreaders and frames with manual turning of the locks shall not be permitted.
241. For the safe movement of people in a cradle (cabin): (a) the use of cradles (cabins) shall be prohibited in wind whose speed exceeds 10 m/s, in poor visibility (rain, snow, fog), in icing conditions, and also in any other conditions that may endanger the safety of people; (b) the lifting and transport of people in cradles (cabins) shall be carried out under the direct supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work using the lifting facility; (c) if there is a risk of the lifting facility with the cradle (cabin) colliding with other neighbouring machines, their operation shall be stopped; (d) if accidental movements (swaying, rotation) of the cradle (cabin) are possible, they shall be prevented by means of guy ropes or other stabilisation methods; (e) cradles (cabins), slings, hooks, safety latches and other load-bearing elements shall be checked before each use; (f) if the cradle (cabin) has to be moved through hatches or openings, additional safety measures shall be developed to prevent the slings and ropes from becoming entangled and to reduce the risk of trapping and impacts; (g) the crane operator (operator) shall keep the cradle (cabin) with people in view throughout the entire transport operation, as well as the zones where the lifting and lowering of the cradle (cabin) begin. When moving the cradle (cabin) with people, the crane operator (operator) shall be prohibited from combining crane movements; (h) continuous two-way radio or telephone communication shall be provided between the crane operator (operator) and the people in the cradle (cabin). The operating organisation shall, by an administrative act, establish the procedure for exchanging signals between the people in the cradle (cabin) and the crane operator in accordance with Appendix No. 6 to these Federal Norms and Rules; (i) the zones where the lifting and lowering of the cradle (cabin) begin shall be free of any foreign objects; (j) after the cradle (cabin) has been gripped by the spreader, the safety chains of the cradle (cabin) shall be secured by hooks to the shackles of the spreader; (k) the people to be moved have received instructions (against signature) on where to stand, what to hold on to, how to use fall arrest (restraint) harnesses and how to leave the cradle (cabin); (l) the fall arrest (restraint) harnesses of persons in the cradle (cabin) shall be permanently attached to the appropriate attachment points in the cradle (cabin). The length of the lanyard of the fall arrest device shall be such that the person in any case remains within the cradle (cabin); (m) injured persons are moved in a lying position on rigid stretchers securely attached to the cradle (cabin) and accompanied by two people; (n) persons in the cradle (cabin) shall be prohibited from standing on the handrails or guards of the cradle (cabin) and performing any work from such a position. The use of any supports in the cradle (cabin) to extend the working reach in height shall be prohibited; (o) during movement of the cradle (cabin), the tools and materials in it shall be securely fastened; (p) when a cradle (cabin) is used over water, it shall be equipped with life buoys. Personnel in such a cradle (cabin) shall wear life jackets; (q) where a cradle (cabin) is used for work involving possible contact with the serviced surface of the equipment (structure), it shall be equipped with devices to reduce dynamic loads on contact with the serviced surface.
242. Cradles (cabins) in operation shall undergo periodic checking in accordance with paragraphs 244 to 247 of these Federal Norms and Rules, maintenance and, where necessary, repair.
243. Checking the condition of a cradle (cabin) includes: a per-shift inspection; a scheduled condition check; an unscheduled condition check (if the cradle (cabin) has been in preservation and has not been operated for more than 6 months); load tests.
244. The per-shift inspection of a cradle (cabin) is carried out by the engineering and technical worker responsible for the safe performance of work using the lifting facility.
245. A scheduled condition check of a cradle (cabin) shall be carried out at least once a month. Scheduled and unscheduled checks of a cradle (cabin) are carried out under the supervision of the engineering and technical worker responsible for keeping the lifting facility in working order and include: an inspection of the metal structures of the cradle (cabin) and of the attachment points of safety belts and height self-rescue devices to identify deformations and cracks; a check of the condition of the slings used to suspend the cradle (cabin) assembled with the guy ropes; a check of the paint coating and the marking on the nameplate of the cradle (cabin). During unscheduled checks, load tests of the cradle (cabin) shall additionally be carried out.
246. Load tests of a cradle (cabin) shall be carried out at least once every 6 months with the participation of the engineering and technical worker responsible for keeping the lifting facility in working order, under the supervision of the specialist responsible for exercising production control during the operation of the lifting facility. The tests include lifting and holding, for 10 minutes, a load placed on the bottom of the cradle whose mass is twice the lifting capacity of the cradle. If defects and damage or deviations from the design documentation of the cradle (cabin) are identified, its further operation shall be prohibited.
247. The results of unscheduled checks and (or) load tests are entered in the passport of the cradle (cabin), and the results of scheduled checks and per-shift inspections - in the cradle (cabin) inspection log.
248. The operating organisation shall establish the procedure for exchanging signals between slingers and crane operators. The hand signals and the system for exchanging signals during radio communication shall be included in the production instructions for crane operators and slingers. The hand signals for crane operators and slingers are given in Appendix No. 7 to these Federal Norms and Rules.
249. When changing the work site, crane operators and slingers shall be instructed (against signature) on the hand signals used at the new work site.
250. During the operation of a hoist, communication between the personnel in the cradle and the hoist operator (operator) shall be maintained continuously: when the cradle is raised up to 10 metres - by voice; over 10 metres - by hand signals (Appendix No. 6 to these Federal Norms and Rules); over 22 metres - by radio or telephone communication.
251. The operating organisation shall not allow a lifting facility into operation if a check has established that: (a) the lifting facility is serviced by non-certified personnel; (b) at least one of the following engineering and technical workers has not been appointed: the person responsible for exercising production control during the operation of the lifting facility; the person responsible for keeping the lifting facility in working order; the person responsible for the safe performance of work using the lifting facility; (c) technical examination of the lifting facility has not been carried out. Industrial safety expert examination of the lifting facility has not been carried out in the cases established by these Federal Norms and Rules; (d) the prescriptions issued by the federal executive authorities in the field of industrial safety have not been complied with; (e) technical faults have been identified on the lifting facility: cracks or residual deformations of the metal structures (the latter exceeding the permissible limits); loosening of the fastenings in the joints of the metal structures; inoperability of the earthing, hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical equipment, indicators, limiters (operating-parameter limiters and operating-motion limiters), recorders, automatic stopping devices, interlocks and protections (given in the passport or operating manual of the lifting facility); inadmissible wear of the hooks, travel wheels, ropes, chains, elements of the mechanisms and brakes; the control system; anti-runaway grips, the rail track, buffer stops; (f) there are no removable load-handling devices and containers corresponding to the mass and type of the loads being moved, or they are inoperable; (g) in the cases established by these Federal Norms and Rules, work execution plans, process charts or permits to work are absent; (h) the actions for the safe conduct of work and the requirements set out in the work execution plans, process charts and permits to work have not been carried out; (i) the passport of the lifting facility and (or) the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility is absent; (j) work using the lifting facility is being carried out in breach of these Federal Norms and Rules, the work execution plans, the process charts and the instructions; (k) the lifting facility does not correspond to the process in which it is used; (l) the lifting facility does not correspond to the parameters of the environment and the region where it is used (ambient temperature range, wind region, seismicity of the area); (m) the buildings, structures and constructions bearing loads from the lifting facility have inadmissible defects (cracks, deformations, failures) exceeding the permissible values established in the design documentation for the buildings, structures and constructions, or industrial safety expert examination has not been carried out in respect of these buildings and structures in the cases established in paragraph 257 of these Federal Norms and Rules. In the absence of requirements in the design documentation, the standards and requirements established by these Federal Norms and Rules apply.
252. In an organisation operating a hazardous production facility with lifting facilities, instructions defining the workers' actions in emergency situations shall be developed and communicated to the workers against signature.
253. In the instructions developed in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 252 of these Federal Norms and Rules, in addition to the requirements determined by the specific features of the hazardous production facility, the following information shall be given for the workers engaged in the operation of lifting facilities: (a) prompt actions to prevent and localise accidents; (b) ways and methods of eliminating accidents; (c) evacuation schemes in the event of an explosion, fire or release of toxic substances in the premises or on the site serviced by the lifting facility, if the emergency situation cannot be localised or eliminated; (d) the procedure for using the fire-extinguishing system in the event of local ignition of the equipment of the hazardous production facility; (e) the procedure for bringing the lifting facility into a safe position in the non-operating state, the scheme and procedure for evacuation of the crane operator (operator) leaving the control cab of the lifting facility; (f) the places allocated at the hazardous production facility for the lifting facility to be in the non-operating state; (g) the points for switching off the power supply inputs of the lifting facility; (h) the locations of the first-aid medical kits; (i) methods of providing first aid to workers exposed to electrical voltage, who have received burns or been poisoned by combustion products; (j) the procedure for notifying the workers of the hazardous production facility of the occurrence of accidents and incidents.
254. The disposal (decommissioning) of a lifting facility shall be carried out taking into account the requirements set out in Technical Regulation TR CU 010/2011, as well as the requirements set out in the operating manual (instructions) of the lifting facility.
255. Lifting facilities subject to disposal (decommissioning) shall be dismantled.
256. The scope, composition and nature of the work involved in the industrial safety expert examination depend on the type of lifting facility, its actual condition and the process in which the lifting facility is used at the hazardous production facility.
257. Buildings and structures at a hazardous production facility where lifting facilities are installed shall be subject to industrial safety expert examination in accordance with the requirements of the federal norms and rules for conducting industrial safety expert examination. In the absence of requirements in the design and operating documentation for buildings and structures of hazardous production facilities where lifting facilities are installed, the rejection standards for buildings and structures in accordance with these Federal Norms and Rules (Appendix No. 8) apply.
258. Repealed from 1 September 2024. - Order of Rostechnadzor No. 16 of 22 January 2024.
259. When technical diagnostics of a lifting facility are carried out, checks of the operability and conformity with the requirements established in the manufacturer's documentation are carried out in respect of the metal structures, assemblies, mechanisms, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, electrical equipment, indicators, limiters, recorders, automatic stopping devices and warning alarms, including: (a) light and sound indicators and alarms; (b) the lifting-capacity limiter, the load-moment limiter, the maximum-load limiter, depending on the type of lifting facility; (c) automatic stopping devices (limiters of the extreme upper (lower) position of the load-handling members, including cabins (platforms) of construction hoists, hoists (towers), limiters of travel (slewing) mechanisms, limiters of boom raising (lowering) mechanisms, depending on the type of lifting facility); (d) the limiter of load movement in a prohibited zone (for example, above the cab of a boom crane on a truck chassis), the limiter of the service zone of hoists (towers); (e) the parameter recorder, including the real-time clock and calendar forming part of it; (f) protection against dangerous approach to a power line; (g) coordinate protection; (h) interlocks; (i) the catchers, emergency stops, safety switches and speed limiters of construction hoists; (j) the device for keeping the floor of the cradle of the hoist (tower) horizontal throughout the entire service zone; (k) the device interlocking the raising and slewing of the boom sections when the hoist (tower) is not set on its outriggers, except for screw outriggers installed manually; (l) the device for emergency lowering of the cradle of the hoist (tower) in the event of failure of the hydraulic system, the electric drive or the hydraulic-pump drive; (m) the device intended for evacuating workers from cradles located below the base on which the hoist (tower) stands; (n) the device protecting the outriggers of the hoist (tower) against spontaneous extension (rotation) during movement of the hoist (tower); (o) the device (indicator) of the angle of inclination of self-propelled lifting facilities; (p) the engine emergency-stop system controlled from the cradle and from the lower control panel of the hoist (tower), which shall be provided with "Stop" buttons; (q) the device protecting against the fall of the load or boom in the event of a break in any of the three phases of the electrical network of an electrically driven lifting facility, if appropriate protection is not provided in the electric drive system; (r) the alarm for maximum wind speed; (s) the anti-runaway grips (devices); (t) the buffer stops of lifting facilities travelling on rail tracks. If the operability checks under sub-clauses (a) to (t) of paragraph 259 of these Federal Norms and Rules give positive results, static and dynamic tests are carried out.
260. Checks not specified in paragraph 259 of these Federal Norms and Rules are carried out at the request of the operating organisation if the parameter or characteristic to be checked is additionally given in the passports of the indicators, limiters and recorders or in the passport of the lifting facility.
261. Checks of the limiters, indicators and recorder as part of a lifting facility are carried out by workers meeting the requirements of paragraph 20 of these Federal Norms and Rules, in the presence of the engineering and technical worker responsible for keeping the lifting facility in working order.
262. The check of the lifting-capacity limiter is carried out using loads or a certified loading device of another type with an error of no more than 3 per cent. If the lifting capacity of the lifting facility varies depending on the outreach, the position of the load trolley or the spatial position of another element of the lifting facility, the check of the lifting-capacity limiter (load-moment limiter) is carried out at no fewer than three points of its load characteristic. For a newly assembled lifting facility having several load characteristics, the check of the lifting-capacity limiter (load-moment limiter) shall be carried out for the actual configuration of the lifting facility and all operating modes of the lifting-capacity limiter (hereinafter - LCL). In the event of a change in configuration (reeving schemes, boom equipment), the checks shall be carried out again. Operation of the LCL with the actual operating mode set for a lower lifting capacity while the operating mode for a higher lifting capacity is engaged erroneously or forcibly shall be excluded. During the check, the automatic switching-off of all mechanisms of the lifting facility is verified (with the exception of the operation of mechanisms for lowering the load and reducing the load moment). The automatic switching-off of the mechanisms shall occur when the permissible overload specified in the passport of the lifting facility is reached, but not exceeding: (a) 15 per cent - for tower cranes (with a load moment up to and including 20 tonne-metres) and portal cranes; (b) 25 per cent - for bridge-type cranes (in this case no lifting of the load off the ground shall be observed); (c) 10 per cent - for the remaining cranes, including pipelayer cranes, hoists (towers) and manipulator cranes (except bridge-type cranes). After the lifting-capacity limiter has tripped, it shall be verified that it is impossible to engage all mechanisms of the lifting facility, except for lowering the load or reducing the load moment.
263. The check of the limiter of the extreme upper position of the load-handling member shall be carried out by monitoring, with measurement of the distance between the upper point of the load-handling member and the stop or the lower part of the metal structure (after the mechanism has stopped). This check shall be carried out without a load.
264. The check of the limiter of the lower extreme position of the load-handling member is carried out by monitoring the stopping of the load-handling-member lowering mechanism after the limit switch has tripped and the actual reserve length of the load rope after this stop. If there is no information on the rope reserve in the operating documentation, at least one and a half turns shall remain on the drum, not counting the length of rope under the clamps.
265. If, on boom cranes and manipulator cranes, the boom, when being lowered or telescopically extended, strikes the load-handling member, a check shall be carried out of the switching-off of the boom lowering or extension mechanism simultaneously with the switching-off of the hoisting mechanism.
266. The assessment of the operability of the limiter or indicator of dangerous approach to a power line is carried out in accordance with Appendix No. 9 to these Federal Norms and Rules.
267. The functionality check of the limiting wind speed indicator (signalling device) (anemometer) and of the tilt angle indicator of the lifting facility is carried out in accordance with the requirements of their operating manuals (instructions).
268. The functionality check of the operating parameters recorder of the lifting facility shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of its operating manual (instructions).
269. The results of the functionality check carried out after all types of tests of limiters and indicators in service shall be documented in a report, which forms an integral appendix to the lifting facility data sheet.
270. For assessing the safety of rope use, the following criteria are applied: (a) the nature and number of wire breaks (Figures 1 - 3), including the presence of wire breaks at end terminations, the presence of areas of concentrated wire breaks, and the rate of increase in the number of wire breaks; (b) strand rupture; (c) surface and internal wear; (d) surface and internal corrosion; (e) local reduction in the rope diameter, including core rupture; (f) reduction in the cross-sectional area of the rope wires (loss of internal cross-section); (g) deformation in the form of waviness, basket deformation, extrusion of wires and strands, crushing of strands, kinks, and bends; (h) damage resulting from thermal exposure or electric arc discharge. Figure 1. Wire breaks and displacements of the wires of a cross-lay rope. Figure 2. Combination of wire breaks with their wear: (a) in a cross-lay rope; (b) in a one-directional-lay rope. Figure 3. Wire breaks in the area of the equalising sheave: (a) in several strands of the rope; (b) in two strands in combination with local wear. Rejection of ropes operating with steel and cast-iron sheaves shall be carried out according to the number of wire breaks in accordance with Table 1 and Figure 4. The ropes of cranes intended or used for lifting people, for moving molten or red-hot metal, flammable and toxic substances, are rejected at half the number of wire breaks. If the rope diameter is reduced as a result of surface wear (Figure 5) or corrosion (Figure 6) by 7 per cent or more compared with the nominal diameter, the rope shall be rejected even in the absence of visible wire breaks. If the rope diameter is reduced as a result of core damage - internal wear, crushing, rupture (by 3 per cent of the nominal diameter for non-rotating ropes and by 10 per cent for other ropes) - the rope shall be rejected even in the absence of visible wire breaks (Figure 7). Table 1
N - the number of load-bearing wires in the outer strands of the rope; d - the rope diameter, mm.
Figure 4. Determination of the number of breaks of the outer wires of a steel rope:
1 - within the inspection section, only one end of the broken wire is found; the matching end of the broken wire is absent. This defect corresponds to one break;
2 - within the inspection section, both ends of the broken wire are present. This defect corresponds to one break;
3 - within the inspection section, one of the wires has a twofold loss of integrity. Since the losses of integrity belong to only one wire, this defect corresponds in total to one break.
If the rope has surface wear or corrosion of the wires, the number of breaks as a rejection criterion shall be reduced in accordance with the data of Table 2.
If the original diameter of the outer wires is reduced as a result of wear (Figure 5, e) or corrosion (Figure 6, e) by 40 per cent or more, the rope is rejected.
The determination of wear or corrosion of the wires by diameter is carried out using a micrometer or another instrument providing equivalent accuracy.
Where the number of wire breaks is smaller than specified in Table 1, and also where there is surface wear of the wires without their breakage, the rope may be admitted to operation, provided that its condition is carefully monitored during periodic inspections, with the results recorded in the inspection log, and that the rope is replaced upon reaching the degree of wear specified in Table 2.
If the load is suspended on two ropes, each rope is rejected separately, and one, more worn, rope may be replaced.
To assess the condition of the internal wires and to monitor the loss of the metallic part of the rope cross-section (loss of internal cross-section) caused by breaks, mechanical wear, and corrosion of the wires of the inner layers of the strands (Figure 7), the rope shall be subjected to flaw detection along its entire length (the latter is mandatory only for the ropes of lifting facilities transporting hazardous loads, intended or used for lifting people, and also for ropes operating with sheaves made of synthetic material or metal sheaves with synthetic lining of the surface in contact with the rope).
If a loss of the metal cross-section of the wires reaching 17.5 per cent or more is recorded by means of a flaw detector, the rope shall be rejected. The need to apply flaw detection to steel ropes is determined in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documentation depending on the type and purpose of the lifting facility.
If one or more broken strands are detected in the rope, the rope shall be rejected.
Rope waviness is characterised by the pitch and direction of its spiral (Figure 8). Where the directions of the waviness spiral and of the rope lay coincide, and the pitches of the waviness spiral Hv and of the rope lay Hk are equal, the rope is rejected if dv > 1.08dk, where dv is the diameter of the waviness spiral and dk is the nominal rope diameter.
Where the directions of the waviness spiral and of the rope lay do not coincide and the pitches of the waviness spiral and of the rope lay are unequal, or where one of the parameters coincides, the rope shall be rejected if dv ≥ 4/3 dk. The length of the rope segment under consideration shall not exceed 25dk.
Figure 7. Reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wires (intensive internal corrosion).
Figure 8. Rope waviness (explanation in the text).
Figure 9. Local reduction in the rope diameter at the location of failure of the organic core.
Figure 12. Extrusion of the wires of the strands:
(a) in one strand; (b) in several strands.
Figure 13. Local increase in the rope diameter.
271. A wire rope sling made of steel ropes shall be rejected if the number of visible breaks of the outer wires of the rope exceeds that specified in Table 3. Table 3 [table - reproduced in the Russian original] Note, d is the rope diameter, in millimetres.
272. A chain sling shall be rejected when a chain link elongates by more than 3 per cent of its original size (Figure 18) and when the cross-sectional diameter of a chain link is reduced as a result of wear by more than 10 per cent (Figure 19). [table - reproduced in the Russian original]
273. When inspecting textile slings on a polymer base, the condition of the webbing, seams, hooks, shackles, closing devices, ferrules, carabiners, and their attachment points shall be checked. Slings shall not be permitted for operation if: there is no stamp (tag), or the information about the sling, which contains data on the manufacturer and the load capacity, is illegible; there are knots on the load-bearing webbing of the slings; there are transverse cuts or tears in the webbing, regardless of their size; there are longitudinal cuts or tears in the webbing with a total length exceeding 10 per cent of the webbing length of the sling leg, and also individual cuts or tears more than 50 mm in length; there are local delaminations of the sling webbing (except at the edge-finishing points of the webbing) over a total length of more than 0.5 m on one outer seam or on two or more inner seams, accompanied by rupture of three or more rows of stitching of the seam; there are local delaminations of the sling webbing at the edge-finishing point of the webbing over a length of more than 0.2 m on one of the outer seams or on two or more inner seams, accompanied by rupture of three or more rows of stitching of the seam, and also detachment of the webbing edge or of the webbing stitching at the loop over a length of more than 10 per cent of the length of the finishing (stitching) of the webbing ends; there are surface breaks of the webbing threads with a total length of more than 10 per cent of the webbing width, caused by mechanical action (friction) of the sharp edges of the load; there is damage to the webbing from the action of chemical substances (acid, alkali, solvent, petroleum products) with a total length of more than 10 per cent of the webbing width or of the sling length, and also individual instances of damage of more than 10 per cent of the webbing width and more than 50 mm in length; there is bulging of threads out of the sling webbing to a distance of more than 10 per cent of the webbing width; there are through holes with a diameter of more than 10 per cent of the webbing width from the action of sharp objects; there are burnt-through holes with a diameter of more than 10 per cent of the webbing width from the action of splashes of molten metal, or the presence of three or more holes where the distance between them is less than 10 per cent of the webbing width, regardless of the diameter of the holes; there is contamination of the webbing (with petroleum products, resins, paints, cement, soil) over more than 50 per cent of the sling length; there is a combination of all the above-listed defects over an area of more than 10 per cent of the width and length of the sling; there is fraying or wear of more than 10 per cent of the width of the sling loops.
274. The operation of slings with the following defects and damage to the metal elements (rings, loops, shackles, hangers, ferrules, carabiners, links) shall be prohibited: cracks of any size and location; wear of the surface of the elements or the presence of local dents leading to a reduction in the cross-sectional area by 10 per cent or more; the presence of residual deformations leading to a change in the original size of the element by more than 3 per cent; damage to threaded connections and other fastenings.
275. The requirements for the rejection of lifting facility elements, in cases where they are absent from the operating manuals of the lifting facility, are given in Table 4. Table 4 [table - reproduced in the Russian original]
276. Residual deflection of the bridge span structure of bridge-type cranes, mm: (a) in the vertical plane - 0.0035L; (b) in the horizontal plane - 0.002L, where L is the crane span. Residual deformation (twisting) of the span beams of bridge-type cranes, mm: 0.002L, where L is the crane span. Residual deformation (curvature) of a rod (truss element), mm: (a) of a rod working in compression - 0.002l, but not more than 0.25h; (b) of a rod working in tension - 0.004l, but not more than 0.5h, where l is the length of the rod in mm and h is the maximum dimension of the rod cross-section in mm. Residual local deformation (dent) of a tubular element, mm: (a) of a rod working in compression - 0.02D; (b) of a rod working in tension - 0.05D, where D is the pipe diameter, mm. Residual local deformation of the flange of an angle, channel, or I-beam, mm: (a) of a rod working in compression - 1.5t; (b) of a rod working in tension - 3t, where t is the flange thickness, mm.
1. The boundaries of the hazardous zones in the places over which loads are moved by the lifting facility, and also near a building under construction, shall be taken from the outermost point of the horizontal projection of the outer smallest overall dimension of the load being moved or of the building wall, with the addition of the largest overall dimension of the load being moved (falling) and the minimum flight distance of the load when it falls, in accordance with Table 1. For intermediate values of the possible falling height of loads (objects), the minimum flight distance may be determined by the interpolation method.
2. The boundaries of the hazardous zones within which the hazard of electric shock is present shall be established in accordance with Table 2. Table 2 [table - reproduced in the Russian original]
1. The rail track of rail-mounted supported lifting facilities shall be rejected in the presence of the following defects and damage: cracks and chips of the rails of any size; vertical, horizontal, or reduced (vertical plus half of the horizontal) wear of the rail head of more than 15 per cent of the corresponding dimension of the unworn profile.
2. The rejection of sleepers (or half-sleepers) of a ground-level crane track is carried out in the presence of the following defects and damage: in reinforced concrete sleepers there shall be no chipping of the concrete down to exposure of the reinforcement, nor any other chipping of the concrete over a section more than 250 mm in length; in reinforced concrete sleepers there shall be no continuous encircling or longitudinal cracks more than 100 mm in length with an opening of more than 0.3 mm; in wooden half-sleepers there shall be no fracture, no transverse cracks more than 50 mm in depth and more than 200 mm in length, and no surface rot larger than 20 mm under the fishplates and more than 60 mm on the other surfaces.
3. The monorail track of suspended cranes, electric hoists, and monorail trolleys shall be rejected in the presence of: cracks and spalls of the rails of any size; reduction in the width of the rail flange as a result of wear B ≥ 0.05B; reduction in the thickness of the rail flange as a result of wear ; in the case of bending of the flange . The figure shows the scheme for taking measurements of the wear and the bending of the monorail flange when carrying out its flaw inspection: B - the original width of the flange; B - the wear of the flange; t - the thickness of the web; f1 - the bending of the flange; - the original thickness of the flange at a distance (B - t) / 4 from the edge; - the reduction in the thickness of the flange as a result of wear.
If the classification group of the lifting facility mechanism is not specified in the lifting facility data sheet, it is determined by calculation on the basis of the selection of the appropriate class of use of the mechanism according to the data given in Table 1, and of the loading regime of the mechanism according to the data given in Table 2.
1. The class of use of the mechanism. The class of use of the mechanism is determined by the total duration of operation of the mechanism T in hours (engine hours) over its service life. For classification purposes, it is accepted that the time of use is taken to be the time during which the mechanism is switched on (in motion). The range of possible values of T is divided into 10 intervals, each of which corresponds to a specific class of use (Table 1). Table 1
2. The loading class of the mechanism. The loading class of the mechanism is characterised by the load distribution coefficient Km, which is calculated as where ti is the average duration of use of the mechanism under load Hi; - the total duration of use of the mechanism; Hi is the load acting on the mechanism during the time of use ti; Hn is the maximum value of the load on the mechanism under the normal operating regime according to the technical documentation. The values of the loads Hi, Hn are determined for the end link of the kinematic chain of the mechanism (rope drum, travel wheel, driving gear wheel of the slewing mechanism), taking into account all factors, including the processes of unsteady motion. As the load value H, depending on the type and purpose of the mechanism, the torque on the low-speed shaft, the tension force of the traction rope, the force in the rack, etc., may be used. The values of the load distribution coefficient corresponding to the loading classes, and examples of the description of the nature of the loading of the mechanism corresponding to each class, are given in Table 2. Table 2
Having established the class of use and the loading class, the classification group of the operating regime of the mechanism as a whole is determined from Table 3.
1. Measurements of the deviations P1, P2, P3 are carried out over the entire section of possible movement of the lifting facility at intervals of not more than 5 m.
2. For each 10 °C change in temperature, the gap P5 set during installation is changed by 1.5 mm; for example, at a temperature of plus 20 °C the established gap between the rails shall be equal to 3 mm, and at a temperature of minus 10 °C - 7.5 mm.
3. The values of the deviations for gantry cranes with a span of 30 m or more are taken as for reloading cranes.
4. When installing an imported lifting facility, the deviation value - P3 shall be brought into conformity with the actual gap between the flanges of its travel wheels (or the guide rollers, in the case of flangeless wheels) and the rail head. If, for example, this gap is 15 mm, then the deviation P3 shall be taken as equal to 7.5 mm. [table - reproduced in the Russian original]
The service lives of buildings and structures bearing the loads from the lifting facilities installed in them shall be taken in accordance with the data given in the design, engineering, or operating documentation for the buildings and structures. In the absence of the specified data, the service life is taken as equal to 20 years.
The operation of reinforced concrete crane-support structures with an expired service life shall be carried out only where there are positive results of an industrial safety expert examination, as a result of which the following are not found:
cracks in the beams and columns exceeding the values (criteria) established in the operating documentation;
detachment of the protective layer of the reinforcement (for example, from thawing of the concrete, corrosion of the concrete or of the reinforcement);
local damage to the protective layer from impacts of vehicles, with exposure of the reinforcement over an area of more than 30 cm2 and a depth of more than 15 mm;
displacements or deviations of the axes of the structures exceeding those specified in Table 1.
The operation of steel crane-support structures with an expired service life is permitted only where there are positive results of an industrial safety expert examination, as a result of which no dangerous fatigue damage (cracks) of the steel crane-support structures is found, and the limiting deviations of the crane-support structures from the design dimensions and the design position do not exceed the values established by the operating (design) documentation. In the absence of information in the operating (design) documentation, the values given in Table 1 shall be taken.
For assessing the functionality of a limiter or indicator of dangerous approach to a power transmission line (hereinafter - the PTL), a PTL mock-up may be used, consisting of a three-phase four-wire overhead electric line with a voltage of 220/380 V, made of insulated wires positioned on supports at a height of not less than 6 m, and placed on a special site. The distance between the supports shall be not less than 15 m. Along the lower wire of the line, at its level and at a distance of (1.5 ± 0.1) m from it, a restraining rope (cord) shall be installed.
A limiter or indicator of dangerous approach to the PTL is considered functional if actuation occurs when the crane boom is extended or tilted until its head touches the restraining rope.
To establish the condition (functional or non-functional) of a limiter or indicator of dangerous approach to the PTL, a portable PTL simulator may be used, in accordance with the method specified in its operating documents.
Before directing the crane into the hazardous zone of the PTL, the limiter or indicator of dangerous approach to the PTL shall be checked on the PTL mock-up.