Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service (Rostechnadzor) No. 331 of 3 September 2020
Unofficial translation. Only the Russian original published in the official sources of the Russian Federation has legal force. This translation is provided for reference and does not replace the official document.
1. These Federal Norms and Rules in the field of industrial safety, the "Safety Rules for Explosion and Fire Hazardous Production Facilities Storing and Processing Plant Raw Materials" (hereinafter - the Rules), establish requirements aimed at ensuring industrial safety and at preventing accidents and cases of occupational injury at hazardous production facilities where plant raw materials are stored and (or) processed, in the course of which explosive dust-air mixtures are formed that are capable of self-igniting, igniting from an ignition source and burning independently after its removal, and where grain, products of its processing and compound feed raw materials prone to self-heating and self-ignition are stored (hereinafter - the facilities).
2. The Rules have been developed in accordance with Federal Law No. 116-FZ of 21 July 1997 "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1997, No. 30, Article 3588; 2018, No. 31, Article 4860).
3. The Rules are intended for application: (a) in the development of technological processes, the development of documentation, the operation, capital repair, technical re-equipment, mothballing and decommissioning of the facilities; (b) in the manufacture, installation, commissioning, servicing and repair of the technical devices used at the facilities; (c) in the development of the safety substantiation of the facilities; (d) in conducting industrial safety expert examination; (e) in the training and retraining of facility workers in non-educational institutions.
4. These Rules establish industrial safety requirements for organisations carrying out activities in the field of industrial safety associated with the operation, technical re-equipment, capital repair, mothballing and decommissioning of the facilities.
5. To bring the facilities into conformity with the requirements of these Rules and of other regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial safety, the organisation operating the facilities develops actions for the further safe operation of such facilities and supplements with them the Action Plan for bringing hazardous production facilities up to the regulatory industrial safety requirements.
6. The organisation operating the facilities shall have design documentation (documentation) for the facility and shall restore such documentation at operating facilities in the event of its loss.
7. The development of the technological process, the use of equipment, the selection of the type of means of remote automated control (hereinafter - RAC), interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, process and emergency alarm, and notification of emergency situations, and of the locations of their installation, shall be substantiated taking into account the hazards of the technological processes of the dust-generating production of the facilities and shall ensure the explosion safety of the facility.
8. Technological processes at the facilities are carried out in accordance with the technological regulations and diagrams approved by the organisation operating the facilities, as well as with technical regulations, standardisation documents and these Rules.
9. To ensure the safety of the production processes at the facilities of the organisation, the following are developed (drawn up): a document reflecting the actual data on the availability and technical condition of the explosion prevention and explosion protection means of the production buildings, structures and equipment of the facilities (indicators characterising the explosion safety and emergency protection of the facility) (hereinafter - the explosion safety technical passport of the hazardous production facility); technological regulations and diagrams; passports for aspiration and pneumatic conveying installations; passports for explosion venting devices.
10. The technological regulation is developed on the basis of the design documentation and defines the safe operating conditions of the production and the regulated technological mode of the process.
11. The following are reflected in the technological regulation: the characteristics of the production, of the raw materials used in production and of the output (manufactured) products; a description of the technological process of production; the consumption norms of the main types of raw materials; information on the monitoring and control of the technological process; the safe operating conditions of the production; information on possible incidents in operation and on methods for their elimination; a list of mandatory instructions, specifications of the main technological equipment (technical devices), technological diagrams of the production (graphic part).
12. The following shall be graphically reflected in the technological diagram of the production: the technological, aspiration and conveying equipment with an indication of the models and their main characteristics; the movement of raw materials and finished products; the explosion prevention and explosion protection means and other technical means ensuring interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection.
13. The introduction of amendments to the technological regulation and to the layout diagrams of the equipment, the RAC means, the interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, the process and emergency alarm, and the notification of emergency situations is carried out after the introduction of amendments to the documentation for the technical re-equipment of the facility, subject to a positive conclusion of the industrial safety expert examination of the developed documentation, and, in the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on urban development, a positive conclusion of the expert examination in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on urban development. The amendments introduced shall not create (increase) the risks of accidents and of fatal injury.
14. When analysing the risk of accidents at the facilities, the following shall be taken into account: the sources of hazard, the risk factors, the conditions for the occurrence of accidents and their scenarios, the number and placement of production personnel, and also the estimated arrival time of specialised professional services (units).
15. In the documentation for the mothballing or decommissioning of the facility, actions are provided for to prevent accidents and to localise and eliminate their consequences during the mothballing or decommissioning of the facility.
16. Where hazardous substances (gases) may be formed during the production process in the technological equipment (silo and (or) bunker vessels), the organisation develops measures to protect personnel from the effects of these substances in the event of explosions, fires and other accidents.
17. At the facilities, production control over compliance with industrial safety requirements is organised and carried out, taking into account the specific features of the facilities being operated and the conditions of their operation.
18. The organisation of work to maintain a reliable and safe level of operation and repair of the equipment, the RAC means, the interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, the process and emergency alarm, the notification of emergency situations, the communication means, the power supply, and also the buildings and structures; the distribution of duties and responsibilities among the technical services (technological, mechanical, power, instrumentation and automation, and production-technical) for ensuring the industrial safety requirements; and also the list and scope of the operational, repair and other technical documentation, are determined by the internal administrative documents of the organisation operating the facilities, which establish the requirements for the safe conduct of work at the facilities.
19. The operation of equipment and the conduct (running) of technological processes with faulty or disconnected means ensuring the emergency protection of the facility shall not be permitted.
20. Personnel associated with the operation of the facilities shall be trained and certified in the field of industrial safety, shall have no medical contraindications to the work and shall be provided with personal protective equipment.
21. Workers of the organisation operating the facilities who have not passed the knowledge assessment or have received an unsatisfactory grade shall not be permitted to work independently.
22. The briefing shall be accompanied by a demonstration of practical skills and techniques for the safe servicing of the equipment, the emergency stop buttons of the equipment, the evacuation routes, the communication means and the alarm, and shall conclude with an oral check, by the person who conducted the briefing, of the knowledge acquired by the worker. The conduct of all types of briefing is recorded in the briefing registration logs.
23. When performing one-off work, work to localise and eliminate the consequences of accidents and natural disasters, and work for which a permit to work, an authorisation or other documents are drawn up, targeted briefing is conducted.
24. At the organisation operating the facilities, the serviceable condition shall be ensured of the drainage of atmospheric precipitation from buildings and structures to the storm drains, of the roads for transport, the fire access ways, the rail tracks (in compliance with the required clearances, the permissible gradients and turning radii), the external lighting networks, the pedestrian paths, the fire and utility water mains, and also the fencing of the territory of the facilities and of the organisation.
25. The arrangement of railway tracks, level crossings and pedestrian crossings over them, and also the organisation and operation of the railway facilities of the organisation, shall comply with the requirements of the regulatory legal acts in the field of transport.
26. Underground reservoirs, wells and fire water reservoirs necessary for production purposes shall be covered or fenced off on all sides. Fire water reservoirs shall have a luminous indicator at night.
27. Access for fire engines shall be ensured to the buildings, structures and constructions of the facilities.
28. Access to the territory of the organisation operating the facilities shall be prohibited for unauthorised persons.
29. The explosion safety of the facility shall be ensured by excluding the possibility of an explosion of dust-air mixtures of plant origin and by preventing the formation of seats of self-heating (self-ignition) of grain, products of its processing and compound feed raw materials, and, in the event of an explosion, by preventing the effect on people of the hazardous factors of the explosion and by preserving material assets.
30. The accomplishment of these tasks is ensured by implementing explosion prevention and explosion protection measures and organisational and technical actions.
31. Explosion prevention shall provide for: excluding the possibility of the occurrence of ignition sources (explosion initiation sources) in the equipment and premises of the facilities through the use of magnetic protection, speed control relays (hereinafter - SCR), choke sensors, chain-break sensors, belt run-off monitoring devices, limit switches, interlocks, automatic interlocks and other technical means performing similar functions and (or) ensuring interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection; the installation of process and emergency alarm; the provision of earthing and neutral bonding, the use of protection means against static electricity; the regulation of hot work; the use of RAC of production processes; the organisation of planned preventive repair; excluding the conditions for the formation of an explosive environment in the production premises through the use of sealed equipment, working ventilation and aspiration, technical dust-suppression means, and monitoring of dust deposits (maintaining the dust regime); reducing dust generation in the technological equipment, silos and bunkers; compliance with the technology and safety requirements during drying; regulating the storage conditions and complying with the placement diagram and storage rules for grain, products of its processing and compound feed raw materials prone to self-heating and self-ignition; excluding the possibility of the formation of water vapour condensate on the internal surfaces of the walls and ceilings (roofs) of silo vessels; the use of automated remote temperature monitoring means for grain, products of its processing and compound feed raw materials, ensuring the detection of a seat of self-heating at the early stages; the use of gas analysis (monitoring) means; the decontamination of grain.
32. Explosion protection shall provide for: space-planning solutions, the arrangement and use of equipment preventing the spread of flame and combustion products along the technological lines (rotary gate valves, feeders, dosers, screw conveyors, batch scales and other technical devices performing flame-arresting functions); the use of explosion localisation systems in the equipment (with the use of fast-acting devices, fire and non-return valves, flame arresters, means for supplying inert gases, phlegmatising additives or other technical means into the equipment and (or) product pipelines that prevent the formation of explosive dust-air mixtures or the possibility of their explosion in the presence of an initiation source); the protection of the equipment and production premises against destruction in an explosion through the use of explosion venting devices and easily releasable structures, and also through the use of equipment designed for the explosion pressure; limiting the possibility of the spread of an explosion into adjacent premises and onto stairwells through the use of airlock vestibules; the arrangement of evacuation routes and the removal of amenity premises from the production buildings.
33. Organisational and organisational-technical actions shall provide for: the training, briefing and assessment of the level of knowledge of the facility workers; the provision of personal protective equipment to workers; production control over compliance with safety requirements; the development of regulatory-technical documents and visual publicity materials; the use of means for notification of emergency situations.
34. To ensure the reliable operation of the equipment, the explosion safety of the technological processes and safe working conditions at the facilities, RAC means, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, process and emergency alarm, and notification of emergency situations shall be provided, the requirements for which are defined in Chapter IV of these Rules.
35. The effectiveness and reliability of the technical means of interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection of the facility shall be confirmed by the manufacturing organisation, before the start of their use at the facility, by testing industrial specimens of the equipment for explosion resistance.
36. The storage of damp and wet grain in the silos of an elevator and in silo-type warehouses (including those made of metal structures) shall be prohibited. During the acceptance and formation of batches of freshly harvested grain, wet and damp grain may be temporarily placed in accumulation vessels, provided that a set of organisational and technical measures to ensure the safe operation of such facilities is developed, which are determined by the internal administrative documents of the operating organisation establishing the requirements for the safe conduct of work at the facilities. The volumes, time limits and procedure for the temporary placement of grain in accumulation vessels are determined by the operating organisation in the technological regulation, the requirements for the development of which are defined in paragraphs 10 - 12 of these Rules, including with account taken of the restrictions established by technical regulations, standardisation documents and these Rules. The requirements for the storage of grain in metal silos are defined in Chapter X of these Rules.
37. The temperature monitoring of grain, products of its processing and compound feed raw materials during storage in the silos of elevators and in silo-type warehouses (including those made of metal structures), and in bunkers, apart from the operating bunkers of grain dryers and the temporary flour storage bunkers at flour-milling and bread-baking enterprises, is carried out by automated remote temperature monitoring devices that are in serviceable condition.
38. In the event that the permissible temperature of the plant raw materials, products of their processing and compound feed raw materials placed into storage, specified for the corresponding type of raw material (product) in the technological regulation, is exceeded, active ventilation and drying shall be applied, and the raw material (product) shall be pumped over from one silo (bunker) to another, from one platform to another. For this purpose, free capacity (a platform) shall always be provided.
39. The explosion safety technical passport is developed at each facility for all production buildings, structures and equipment which shall be subject to explosion prevention and explosion protection in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial safety, irrespective of the organisational and legal forms and the sectoral affiliation of the organisation operating such a facility. The requirements for the development of the explosion safety technical passport are defined in Chapter XII of these Rules.
40. When ensuring the explosion safety of the facilities, the provisions of Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22 July 2008 "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 30, Article 3579; 2018, No. 53, Article 8464) shall be taken into account, as well as the requirements of the Customs Union technical regulation "On the Safety of Equipment for Operation in Explosive Environments", approved by decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 825 of 18 October 2011, official website of the Customs Union Commission http://www.tsouz.ru/, 21 October 2011; which is mandatory for the Russian Federation in accordance with the Treaty of 29 May 2014, ratified by Federal Law No. 279-FZ of 3 October 2014 "On Ratification of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2014, No. 40, Article 5310), and the Customs Union technical regulation "On the Safety of Machinery and Equipment", adopted by decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 823 of 18 October 2011, official website of the Customs Union Commission http://www.tsouz.ru/, 21 October 2011; which is mandatory for the Russian Federation in accordance with the Treaty of 29 May 2014, ratified by Federal Law No. 279-FZ of 3 October 2014 "On Ratification of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2014, No. 40, Article 5310).
41. Production equipment in which an ignition source of a dust-air mixture may occur shall be protected against destruction and against the ejection of combustible substances from it into the production premises.
42. To protect production equipment against destruction and to ensure the ejection (discharge) of flame and high-temperature products of the explosive combustion of a dust-air mixture into a safe zone (beyond the limits of the premises), explosion venting devices are used. The installation of explosion venting devices shall be provided for both in the engineering design documentation for the production equipment to be fitted with explosion venting devices and in the design documentation for the facilities. The requirements for the use of explosion venting devices are defined in Chapter XI of these Rules.
43. Explosion venting devices are installed on bucket elevators, hammer crushers, filter cyclones, recirculation grain dryers with heating chambers, shaft grain dryers with heating chambers and on cascade heaters, on bunkers for collecting dust from aspiration systems that aspirate potentially hazardous equipment (bucket elevators, roller mills, crushers and other impact-action grinding equipment), on the bunkers and silos of woodworking production, and also on furnaces for burning liquid or gaseous fuel. Explosion venting devices need not be installed on bucket elevators with a free volume of less than 0.25 m3, on crushers with a volume of the working zone and of the discharge (under-crusher) bunker of less than 0.3 m3 and on filter cyclones with a free volume of less than 0.5 m3, and on bucket elevators and crushers for the supply and grinding of mineral raw materials.
44. The discharge from explosion venting devices into a production premises may be permitted, provided that serviceable flame-arresting (flame-cut-off) devices reducing the temperature of the ejected products of explosive combustion and suppressing the flame are installed on them, and provided there is a positive conclusion of the industrial safety expert examination of the documentation for the technical re-equipment of the facilities (modernisation or replacement of the technical devices used at the facility), and, in cases where such documentation forms part of the design documentation, a positive conclusion of the expert examination in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on urban development. In doing so, the introduction of amendments to the design of the equipment being protected shall not be permitted. The ejection (discharge) of the products of explosive combustion shall be provided into a zone of the production premises where the presence of people to carry out the technological process or to perform equipment servicing work is not envisaged.
45. The elevator pipes of bucket elevators (apart from bucket elevators for mineral raw materials) that pass inside bunkers, silos and shafts shall be designed for the internal residual pressure of a dust-air explosion and the external pressure of the bulk product in the bunkers and silos. To protect bucket elevators against destruction, reinforcement of the elevator pipes substantiated by calculation data may be applied. In the absence of calculation data, the pipes shall be welded and of circular cross-section with a wall thickness of not less than 2 mm.
46. SCR and choke sensors, and also belt run-off monitoring devices, shall be installed on bucket elevators. The choke sensors are installed on the ascending branch of the bucket elevator at a height of 300 - 400 mm from the boot of the bucket elevator.
47. Automatically acting braking devices preventing the reverse travel of the belt during sudden stoppages of the bucket elevators shall be installed on bucket elevators.
48. The design of a twin bucket elevator shall provide the possibility of separate tensioning of each belt. A twin bucket elevator shall be equipped with independent SCR for each belt.
49. Stationary belt conveyors with a belt speed of 1 m/s or more shall be equipped with SCR.
50. Devices protecting the conveyors against overfilling of the trough with product (overflow gravity chutes into bunkers and silos fitted with upper-level sensors; safety valves with limit switches; choke sensors or other devices) shall be installed on chain and screw conveyors.
51. Chain-break monitoring devices shall be installed on chain conveyors.
52. The temperature of the external surfaces of the equipment and (or) of the heat-insulating coatings shall not exceed the auto-ignition temperature of the explosion and fire hazardous environment (dust). Equipment, vessels (with the exception of silo and bunker vessels) and product pipelines having an external surface temperature above 45 °C are thermally insulated.
53. The designs of the equipment and pipelines shall ensure tightness. The technological lines are aspirated so that dust is not released into the production premises. The requirements for aspiration are defined in Chapter VI of these Rules.
54. The equipment shall be kept in serviceable condition at all times, shall be adjusted and shall operate without noise, vibration or friction of the moving parts uncharacteristic of it that leads to their heating.
55. A system of planned preventive repair of the equipment shall be developed and shall be in operation at the facilities. The requirements for the organisation and conduct of the planned preventive repair of the equipment are defined in Chapter IX of these Rules.
56. The temperature monitoring of the bearings of turbocompressors, turboblower machines, crushers and roller mills at the facilities (with the exception of operating facilities put into operation before the establishment of these requirements) shall be carried out by remote automatic temperature monitoring devices.
57. In front of roller mills, crushers, finger-type and pin-type grinders, detachers, entoleters, beater, bran-finishing, husking-and-polishing and scourer machines, flaking mills, granulators and other impact-action machines, magnetic protection and devices for the removal of foreign objects shall be installed. If an entoleter or detacher is installed directly after a roller mill, the magnetic protection may be installed only in front of the roller mill.
58. When receiving raw materials from road, water and rail transport, effective magnetic protection shall be provided. The criterion of the effectiveness of the magnetic protection is the complete removal of metal-magnetic impurities capable of initiating a spark.
59. The electric drives of hammer crushers shall be interlocked with the lower-level sensors of the above-crusher bunkers.
60. A feeding device shall be provided in the design of crushers.
61. The starting up of a crusher is carried out only after checking the absence in it of foreign objects and crushing products, the completeness, fastening and condition of the hammers on the rotor, and the integrity of the sieves.
62. The operation of roller mills without product with the rolls engaged, and with their skew and displacement along the axis, shall not be permitted.
63. During the operation of working bucket elevators, the tensioning and adjustment of the travel of the elevator belt shall be ensured, excluding the possibility of its slippage on the drum and the catching of the belt and buckets against the elevator pipes and the casing of the head and boot.
64. During the operation of belt conveyors, the operation of the conveyor belt shall be ensured without its running off the drums and rollers, without catching against the supporting structures and without slippage on the drums.
65. In V-belt drives, the tension of all the V-belts shall be identical. The operation of the drive with an incomplete set of V-belts and the use of belts with a profile not corresponding to the profile of the pulley grooves shall not be permitted.
66. The replacement of individual V-belts shall not be permitted. Where replacement is necessary or when supplementing the drive with belts, the entire set (pack) of V-belts, pre-stretched and matched by length, shall be replaced with new ones.
67. The equipment shall be stopped in the following abnormal situations: the appearance of noise and vibration uncharacteristic of it; blockage, choking and overloading with product; breakdowns and malfunctions; the entry of foreign objects into the working parts; non-operating aspiration; the actuation of the explosion indicator sensors. In the event of an emergency stoppage of the equipment upon the actuation of the explosion indicator sensors, the stopping shall be carried out of the equipment conveying product into bunkers, silos and other vessel-type equipment (scales, mixers), to prevent the occurrence and development in them of possible secondary explosions.
68. To detect an explosion (upon its occurrence in an operating vessel, or in technological, aspiration or conveying equipment) at the initial stage of its development, to prevent the possibility of the occurrence, development and spread of high-temperature products of explosive combustion along the gravity pipes and air ducts, closed conveyors and other communications, and to exclude the possibility of the occurrence of secondary explosions in bunkers and silos, an explosion localisation system shall be provided at the facilities.
69. The explosion localisation system is determined by the design solution, on the basis of the explosion safety requirements of the equipment, taking into account the specific features of the technological processes (lines) and of the formation in them of explosive mixtures, and shall ensure the division of the common technological line into shorter sections, localised by installing flame-arresting (flame-cut-off) devices and explosion venting devices.
70. When developing explosion localisation systems, the state of the explosion safety and emergency protection of the facility shall be taken into account.
71. Rotary gate valves, screw conveyors, batch scales and other technical devices preventing the possibility of the spread of an explosion may be used as flame-arresting (flame-cut-off) devices.
72. The locations for the installation of the flame-arresting (flame-cut-off) devices and the control sensors (indicator sensors for detecting the initial stage of an explosion upon reaching a certain threshold pressure) are determined by the design and shall be substantiated taking into account the technical characteristics (indicators) of the explosion and fire hazard of organic dusts (dust-air mixtures). In doing so, the prevention of false actuations of the system shall be ensured.
73. Flame-arresting (flame-cut-off) devices are installed on the following communications (apart from communications for mineral raw materials): (a) the pipelines for supplying grain from the heads of bucket elevators and from crushers through which the loading of bunkers (including above-scale bunkers) and silos is directly carried out; (b) the pipelines for supplying grain from the heads of bucket elevators and from crushers onto chain and closed belt conveyors through which the loading of bunkers and silos is carried out; (c) the pipelines for supplying grain from the heads of bucket elevators into the above-dryer bunkers of built-in grain dryers; (d) the pipelines connecting (including through chain and closed belt conveyors) the bunkers, silos or bucket elevators of the elevator with free-standing grain dryers.
74. Explosion localisation systems shall have automatic remote control, interlocking and monitoring of their operation, shall be equipped with an alarm and shall comply with the requirements of these Rules.
75. To enable technical servicing and the checking of operability to be carried out, provision shall be made for the possibility of temporarily switching off the automatic control of the explosion localisation system and switching over to manual control. In doing so, a reduction in the level of explosion safety of the technological process being protected and of the facility as a whole shall not be permitted.
76. The introduction of amendments to the explosion localisation system at a working facility may be carried out only after the introduction of amendments to the documentation for the technical re-equipment of the facility, subject to a positive conclusion of the industrial safety expert examination of the developed documentation, and, in the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on urban development, a positive conclusion of the expert examination in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on urban development. The amendments introduced shall not adversely affect the state of the explosion safety and the operability of both the explosion localisation systems and the equipment, technological processes and the facility as a whole.
77. Premises, buildings and structures shall comply with the requirements of the legislation on urban development and of these Rules.
78. In Category A and B rooms <1>, external easily removable structures (hereinafter referred to as ERS) are provided. ---------- <1> Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22 July 2008 "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements". The condition for classifying a particular structure as an ERS is that this structure ensures the timely opening of apertures of the required area to prevent the rise of the explosion overpressure in the room above the design value determined by the strength of the main load-bearing building structures. The timely opening of apertures shall be ensured by the strength characteristics of the materials used, by the fastening or locking devices, and by the mass and design of the ERS.
79. Window glass shall be used as an ERS at a thickness of 3; 4 and 5 mm and an area of not less than (respectively) 0.8; 1.0 and 1.5 m2. Reinforced glass, double-glazed units, triplex, stalinite and polycarbonate are not classified as ERS.
80. Where the glazing area is insufficient, roof-covering structures made of steel, aluminium and asbestos-cement sheets (slate), of insulation and other structures of lightweight materials (for example, profiled metal sheet) that open or break at an overpressure inside the room of not more than 2 kPa (200 kgf/m2) may be used as ERS. The roll roofing membrane in the ERS areas of the covering shall be cut into panels of not more than 180 m2 each.
81. The ERS area shall be determined by calculation on the basis of the strength of the main load-bearing structures of the building. In the absence of calculation data, the ERS area shall be not less than 0.05 m2 per 1.0 m3 of the volume of a Category A room and not less than 0.03 m2 per 1.0 m3 of the volume of a Category B room. The design load from the mass of the ERS covering shall be not more than 0.7 kPa (70 kgf/m2).
82. The placement of Category A and B rooms in basement and semi-basement floors shall not be permitted. Buildings brought into service before that restriction was established, with Category A and B production rooms located in basement and semi-basement floors, may be operated provided that, during the development of the design documentation for such a hazardous production facility, the requirements were taken into account and actions to ensure industrial safety, to prevent accidents and to localise their consequences, together with the necessary justifications and calculations, were provided for in the relevant sections of that documentation.
83. The presence in the designs of underground galleries or tunnels connecting Category B rooms both with one another and with rooms of other categories shall be justified by process necessity. In Category B buildings, it shall not be permitted to provide tunnels and underground galleries connecting them with other buildings and rooms without the installation of flame-arresting valves and airlock vestibules.
84. At the locations of openings in fire walls and partitions separating Category B rooms from rooms of other categories, from corridors and from stairwells, airlock vestibules shall be provided.
85. Doors in airlock vestibules on the side of Category B production rooms shall open into these rooms (to prevent the possibility of an explosion spreading from a Category B production room to a stairwell or to another production room).
86. In airlock vestibules at Category B rooms (with the release of combustible dust), including airlock vestibules at the exits from rooms to stairwells, the supply of pressurisation air is not required (ventilation ducts supplying air may contribute to the spread of an explosion along the escape routes).
87. The arrangement of airlock vestibules common to two Category A and B rooms shall not be permitted.
88. Where it is technically impossible to arrange airlock vestibules during the operation, major repair and technical re-equipment of existing facilities built to designs developed before the introduction of the requirements for arranging airlock vestibules, these rooms may be operated with shallow airlock vestibules (of the double-door type) with doors opening in opposite directions or with a single door in the opening that opens towards a Category B production room, provided that compensating measures of an organisational and technical nature aimed at raising the level of explosion and fire safety of these rooms are developed and implemented.
89. The stairwells of multi-storey production buildings shall be isolated from Category B rooms by air zones or airlock vestibules.
90. Doors on escape routes shall, as a rule, open in the direction of egress from the building (with the exception of exits from Category A and B rooms where they lead to rooms of other categories, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 85 of these Rules). Doors to external escape stairs are fitted with locking devices that can be opened from the inside without a key.
91. In galleries connecting Category B production buildings and structures, ERS made of profiled galvanised steel or asbestos-cement (slate) sheets are provided.
92. Electrical rooms (distribution substations, transformer substations, switchgear) shall not be located above and/or below Category A and B rooms (explosion-hazardous zones of any class). Built-in electrical rooms may be located above and below Category B rooms provided that air overpressure is ensured in the electrical rooms and that the entry holes and openings are tightly sealed with non-combustible materials. Where it is technically impossible to comply with these requirements at existing facilities built to designs developed before the introduction of these requirements, they may be operated with built-in electrical rooms located above and/or below Category B rooms and having exits into Category B rooms, provided that the cable passages into the production rooms are sealed and that airlock vestibules are provided at the exits from the electrical rooms into Category B rooms.
93. Openings and holes in the walls and floor slabs of production rooms may be provided only where there is a production necessity (for example, for the installation of equipment) or for the purpose of air exchange in heated rooms.
94. Bypass windows between bins and silos intended for the storage of flour shall be prohibited.
95. In shafts for laying cables, the installation of bucket elevators and other equipment, and the passage of gravity pipes and aspiration ducts, shall not be permitted.
96. The passage of aspiration ducts, air-heating ducts, material pipelines, gravity pipes, bucket elevators and conveyors through amenity, auxiliary and administrative and utility rooms, through control panel rooms, electrical switchgear rooms and ventilation chambers, and through stairwells and airlock vestibules, shall be prohibited.
97. Cyclones installed outside buildings on a wall or on a roof (where there are window openings at the level of or above the cyclones) shall be fitted with pipes led out above the highest located windows.
98. Hatches for silos and bins, as well as small hatches on gravity pipes, aspiration ducts and casings, shall have tight joints preventing the penetration of dust into the rooms.
99. Administrative and amenity rooms for the operating personnel shall be located in separate free-standing buildings and connected to the production shops by heated passages.
100. In production rooms, it shall not be permitted to arrange amenity rooms and rooms with a mass (temporary or permanent) presence of people (rooms for meetings or for eating).
101. Administrative and amenity rooms located in annexes at the end of Category G, D or V production buildings may be provided <2>. ---------- <2> Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22 July 2008 "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements".
102. In production buildings, a control room, rooms for warming workers, a roll-cutting workshop, and auxiliary rooms without a permanent presence of people may be located.
103. In production buildings, lavatories, rooms for arranging the drinking-water supply, and rooms for foremen and other personnel that, owing to production conditions, shall be located close to the workplaces, may be provided.
104. Adjacent production facilities may be built into production and storage buildings and structures subject to compliance with the norms and requirements of explosion safety. In doing so, the built-in production facility shall not increase the categories (classes) of the rooms (zones), buildings and outdoor installations in terms of explosion and fire hazard.
105. The placement of bins for storing aspiration reject, dust and pulverulent products in explosion-and-fire-hazardous buildings and structures shall not be permitted.
106. Mechanised floor-type warehouses used for storing compound feed, husk, fine meal, extraction meal, oil cake and bran shall comply with the requirements of these Rules.
107. During the bulk receipt and dispatch of grain, of compound-feed and farinaceous raw materials, and of finished products, as well as during the loading of waste onto rail, road and water transport, actions reducing the dust contamination of the site are implemented, which are determined by the internal administrative documents of the operating organisation establishing the requirements for the safe performance of work at the facilities.
108. The use of machines and equipment with internal combustion engines inside production and storage rooms shall be prohibited. Loaders equipped with spark arresters that are in good working order may be used in storage rooms.
109. Loading and unloading operations involving the regular movement of mobile transport mechanisms (conveyors, self-feeders, electric loaders) may be carried out on sites with a gradient of not more than 3 degrees.
110. Maize in grain shall be dried only in free-standing shaft-type direct-flow dryers.
111. During the storage of maize grain, the minimum number of its movements shall be provided for.
112. Rice, millet, barley and buckwheat husk shall be stored in bins with a capacity for 1-2 days of operation of the groats mill.
113. The storage of oil cakes and extraction meals is carried out in accordance with the process regulations and the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents in the field of industrial safety.
114. Sampling is carried out from the received batches of extraction meal, and the petrol content in the meal is monitored. The loading into a silo of extraction meal with a smell of petrol shall not be permitted.
115. The storage of extraction meals and oil cakes whose temperature and moisture content do not correspond to the parameters ensuring the possibility of their storage shall be prohibited. They shall be processed immediately or brought to the parameters ensuring the possibility of their storage.
116. Extraction meals, oil cakes and other farinaceous raw materials prone to spontaneous combustion shall be periodically moved (pumped over) from the containers they occupy into empty ones. These movements are carried out according to the schedules developed on the basis of the permissible periods of continuous storage of the raw materials established by the organisation in the process regulations, including with account of the restrictions determined by the technical regulations and standardisation documents.
117. Where an increase in temperature associated with signs of self-heating is detected in farinaceous and granulated raw materials, the temperature in that batch is checked daily. These batches of raw materials shall be removed from the containers as a matter of priority.
118. For the transport of production waste, gravity mechanical transport (bucket elevators, chain and screw conveyors, belt and rollerless conveyors in enclosed casings) and pneumatic transport that preclude dust emission into the room are used. The transport of production waste on open belt conveyors shall be prohibited.
119. To ensure the unobstructed discharge of farinaceous products from bins and silos, anti-adhesion (polymer) coatings (sprayed coatings) and technical devices or discharge mechanisms that facilitate discharge from silos (bins) are used.
120. The arrangement of a point for discharging production waste into containers (bagging) in fire-hazardous Category V rooms shall be prohibited.
121. In Category B production rooms, the storage of sacks of raw materials or finished products, of empty sacks or of other combustible materials shall be prohibited, unless this is connected with the need to conduct the production process.
122. Sack-beating machines shall: (a) be aspirated and not allow dust to escape into the room; (b) be earthed; (c) be installed at a distance of not less than 0.9 m from the walls of the room and from other equipment; (d) be cleaned of sacking lint.
123. In a warehouse room for the storage of sacks, at its end, a room for processing sacks may be allocated, separated from the warehouse by blank non-combustible partitions, a floor slab and self-closing doors with a fire-resistance rating of not less than EI 90.
124. Dust cleaning in the production rooms of the facilities is carried out in accordance with the schedules developed with account of the actual dust conditions and approved by the head of the operating organisation (the technical director). The dust-cleaning schedules are posted in the production rooms. The frequency of routine and general cleaning is specified in the schedules, together with the cleaning volumes. When cleaning production rooms, the use of combustible liquids shall be prohibited.
125. The removal of dust from the surfaces of equipment, buildings and structures by means of compressed air or another compressed gas, or by other methods leading to the formation of explosive dust-air mixtures, shall be prohibited.
126. In all explosion-and-fire-hazardous and fire-hazardous production buildings and rooms of the facilities, smoking shall be prohibited.
127. It shall be prohibited to clutter production rooms, workplaces, approaches to equipment, airlock vestibules and stairwells with raw materials, materials and waste, or with dismantled parts of equipment and utilities. Equipment and utilities excluded from the process flow diagram and dismantled shall be removed from the shop (section).
128. The open-air storage of grain waste, husk and dust on the territory of the operating organisation shall not be permitted.
129. Elevators shall have waste shops or free-standing waste bins.
130. Electrostatic spark safety is ensured by creating conditions that preclude the occurrence of static electricity discharges capable of becoming a source of ignition of dust-air mixtures or a cause of breakdown and destruction of the non-metallic walls of equipment that are subject to electrification.
131. The permissible fields of application of glass pipes shall comply with the requirements of electrostatic safety.
132. At existing production facilities and sites, the industrial safety instructions specify measures for protection against the hazardous manifestations of static electricity.
133. The main means of protection against the hazardous manifestations of static electricity is protective earthing. Equipment made of electrically conductive materials, as well as its working parts, assemblies and structural elements made of electrically conductive materials, shall be earthed. The earthing shall protect the personnel against electric shock upon contact with metal non-current-carrying parts of the equipment that may become live as a result of insulation damage.
134. Apparatus, vessels, units and devices in which the grinding, spraying, weighing, granulation or movement of the product and of dust-air mixtures takes place, whether free-standing or connected by material pipelines or metal structures to other machines and equipment, shall be connected by separate branches to the main potential-equalisation lines, irrespective of the earthing of these material pipelines and metal structures.
135. All pipes making up the pneumatic-transport material pipelines, the metal bins, the bottoms of reinforced-concrete silos, the cyclones and the equipment of bulk flour-storage warehouses shall be earthed.
136. To drain off static charges, cloth filters shall be stitched with copper wire and this wire shall be connected to the earthing system. In doing so, impairment of the filtering capacity of the cloth filters shall not be permitted.
137. Flexible hoses used to connect a flour tanker to the receiving system shall be electrically conductive and made in the form of a metal hose of electrically conductive rubber.
138. To reduce the accumulation of static electricity charges, after the loading flour pipe has been inserted into the bin, continuous contact of the flow of the flour air-mixture with the electrically conductive surface of the bin wall shall be ensured until the bin is filled (the pipe shall be inserted into the bin at the top, and the flow of the flour air-mixture shall be directed horizontally, tangentially to the round surface of the upper part of the vessel; in a rectangular bin, the flow shall be directed onto one of the walls).
139. In all cases where the equipment is made of electrically conductive material and the earthing is a sufficient means of protection against static electricity, this earthing shall be used as the simplest and most reliable method of protection.
140. Process equipment and product pipelines located in explosion- and fire-hazardous zones of all classes shall be earthed in at least two places, with equalisation of potentials to safe values.
141. Inserts made of organic glass installed in pneumatic-transport units are wound on the outside with wire at a coil pitch of not more than 100 mm. Both ends of this wire shall be attached to the metal parts of the unit between which the insert is located. Inserts made of tarpaulin or rubber installed on aspiration ducts shall have jumpers of wire or cable. Both ends of this wire or cable shall be attached to the metal parts of the ducts between which the insert is located.
142. Flanged joints on pipes and apparatus, joints of covers with bodies and joints on flanging do not require additional devices to create a continuous electrical circuit, for example, the installation of jumpers. In these joints, the use of washers painted with non-electrically-conductive paints and of washers made of dielectrics shall be prohibited.
143. The earthing device is made in the form of a common earthing loop. A common earthing device may be used for protection against static electricity, against primary and secondary effects of lightning, and for the protective earthing of electrical installations.
144. In production and storage rooms, the use of equipment and devices whose operation is accompanied by the accumulation of static electricity charges and by spark discharges shall not be permitted without protective devices that ensure the continuous and complete neutralisation of the static electricity charges formed or that eliminate the hazard of its spark discharges.
145. To prevent the hazard associated with the accumulation of static electricity charges, the shafts of machines equipped with plain bearings with ring lubrication shall be earthed.
146. The use of a metal mesh or of metal structures of equipment as a lightning conductor for the protection of the buildings and structures of the facilities shall not be permitted.
147. The selection of equipment shall be carried out in accordance with the initial design data, the requirements of the regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial safety and of these Rules, taking into account the category of the buildings, rooms, structures and outdoor installations in terms of explosion and fire hazard.
148. Equipment shall be used in accordance with the process regulations with respect to its capacity and purpose; the loads on it shall not exceed the values established by the passport data, by the norms of process design and by the adopted design decisions.
149. An assigned service life is established for equipment, taking into account the specific operating conditions and design features. Data on the service life shall be specified by the manufacturing organisation in the operating manual (instructions) for the equipment.
150. The provision of equipment with anti-emergency devices does not eliminate the need to develop measures aimed at preventing the formation of ignition sources in it.
151. Equipment shall comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Machinery and Equipment", adopted by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 823 of 18 October 2011.
152. Equipment operating under overpressure shall comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Equipment Operating under Overpressure", adopted by Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 41 of 2 July 2013, official website of the Eurasian Economic Commission http://www.eurasiancommission.org/, 3 July 2013; being mandatory for the Russian Federation in accordance with the Treaty of 29 May 2014, ratified by Federal Law No. 279-FZ of 3 October 2014 "On the Ratification of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2014, No. 40, Article 5310).
153. Equipment and product pipelines, materials and component products may not be permitted for installation in the absence of documents confirming the quality of their manufacture.
154. The operation of compressor units shall not be permitted in the absence or faulty condition of the automation and monitoring means and the interlocking system specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturing organisation and provided for by the design of the unit in accordance with the technical requirements for the safety of equipment for operation in explosive environments.
155. Equipment structures shall be safe during installation (dismantling), operation, repair, transport and storage, when used separately or as part of complexes and process systems.
156. Equipment intended for the cleaning, drying, processing and transport of raw materials shall have devices that preclude the formation of a spark as a result of friction or impact between individual parts of the machine and foreign impurities in the raw materials and the product.
157. The design of production equipment shall preclude the accumulation of static electricity charges in hazardous quantities, for which purpose devices shall be provided for connection to the earthing loop.
158. The design of production equipment shall preclude the possibility of accidental contact of workers with hot parts.
159. Structural elements of equipment shall not have sharp corners, burrs, edges or uncleaned surfaces, or metal build-up after welding, that present a risk of injury.
160. The design and arrangement of the controls shall preclude the possibility of incorrect or spontaneous switching on and off of the equipment. The controls shall have inscriptions indicating their purpose and shall be easily accessible to the operating personnel. The emergency stop controls shall be painted red, be located within the zone of direct visibility and have position indicators.
161. Moving parts of production equipment, projecting shaft ends, open transmissions (pulleys, belts), tensioning and turning drums of conveyors and other elements that are a source of danger shall be guarded. Gear transmissions shall be enclosed by blank casings attached to the bed or to another fixed part of the machine. Movable counterweights (balance weights) used in machines and mechanisms shall be placed inside the machine or enclosed in reinforced guards.
162. Depending on the purpose and the frequency of use, guards are made in the form of opening or removable casings. Removable guards shall have handles, brackets and other devices for convenient and safe holding of them during removal and installation. Removable, hinged and sliding guards, as well as opening covers, small hatches and shields in these guards, shall have devices that preclude their accidental removal or opening. The guards of mechanisms that need to be adjusted and set up during the working process shall be interlocked with the electric drive.
163. The guard of the belts shall make it possible to clean the floor under the equipment and the guard without removing it.
164. The removal and installation of guards during the operation of equipment shall be prohibited.
165. Fast-rotating equipment assemblies (speed above 5 m/s) (pulleys, fan impellers with pulleys, brush and beater drums, rolls with pulleys and gears, shafts of disc trieurs with discs, drums of grinding and polishing machines) shall be statically balanced both in the assembled form and as separate parts. Balancing weights shall not have sharp edges and shall be fastened by screws or bolts to the inner surface of the parts being balanced.
166. The heating temperature of the bearing housings during the operation of equipment shall not exceed 60 degrees C.
167. The joining of the ends of drive belts and flat-belt transmissions shall be strong, smooth, flexible and such as to preclude the possibility of injury to the hands or catching of the clothing of the operating personnel.
168. The splicing of belt ends shall be carried out by gluing or by rawhide stitching. The joining of the ends of drive belts by metal connectors shall not be permitted.
169. In the design of machines (on the outside and inside), measures shall be provided that preclude the self-unscrewing of fastening parts, and vertically positioned bolts shall be installed head upwards and shall have a projecting threaded part of the bolt of not more than two to two and a half turns of thread.
170. All parts of machine tools, machines, apparatus and mechanisms requiring lubrication shall be provided with automatic lubricating devices or shall have oilers with reservoirs that are filled with lubricant during the stoppage of this equipment.
171. Feeding devices (bins and hoppers) shall have fixtures (stirrers, vibrators) that preclude the possibility of hang-up or arching of the materials being loaded.
172. The balancing weights of the vibrating feeder and of the separator body, the eccentric oscillators, the couplings and the belt transmissions of the screws shall be guarded. The guards shall be installed in compliance with the distances between the walls of the guards and the rotating parts and belt transmissions. The drives of separators having semi-cross belt transmissions shall have belt holders.
173. The weights in the balancers of destoners and of separators with a circular translational motion of the sieves shall be secured by bolts or by studs with lock nuts and split pins.
174. Each disc and the rotor of the disc trieur, when assembled, shall be statically balanced.
175. The cells of the trieur surface shall not have notches or burrs.
176. The regulating and sector devices of the cylindrical trieur shall ensure easy rotation, as well as the fixing of the trough in the required position.
177. Between the fixed parts of the machine and the flights of the screw there shall be clearances that preclude friction between them.
178. Trieurs shall be aspirated, and their casings shall be sealed.
179. The fastening of radial or longitudinal beaters to the shaft and to the sockets shall preclude the possibility of their detachment. Each socket and the beater drum, when assembled, shall be statically balanced.
180. For the safety of servicing, the lugs of the sockets shall not project beyond the edges of the beaters, the heads of the bolts shall be semicircular and be located on the side of the beaters, and the nuts with lock nuts shall be on the side of the lugs of the sockets.
181. The beaters of scourers shall be made of homogeneous steel, of uniform cross-section, without cracks or fractures; to avoid the formation of sparks, the touching of the inner surface of the beater drum by the beaters shall not be permitted.
182. The balancing weights of the drums shall be fastened by bolts to the inner surface of the sockets. The ends of the beaters shall be rounded, and the working edges shall be blunted.
183. The emery mass of abrasive drums shall be strong and shall not have cracks or delamination from the shells.
184. Doors, inspection hatches and discharge devices shall be sealed and shall not let dust through.
185. The water and grain wheels and discs of dampening machines shall be balanced and rotate smoothly, the water jet shall be uniform, there shall be no leakage in the pipes, reservoirs and fittings, and the water drainage shall be unobstructed.
186. Washing machines shall be installed in heated rooms, in metal or concrete troughs having sides 50-75 mm high. The floor around the washing machine shall be dry.
187. The casing of the washing machine with a squeezing column shall be strong, not allowing the splashing of water, and shall have a fastening that permits its rapid removal.
188. The design of conditioners shall preclude the possibility of grain hanging up in them and shall have small hatches and manholes for cleaning the shafts and channels in emergency situations.
189. Machines shall be provided with grain level sensors and limit switches that ensure the clear switching on and off of the machine in the event of a violation of the established operating mode; and with devices that preclude the spontaneous opening of the upper gate in the event of a voltage drop in the network.
190. The rapid conditioning apparatus shall be provided with instruments regulating the upper and lower limits of the steam pressure, as well as with automatic systems for regulating the temperature of the grain in the conditioner and for protection against overload.
191. The design of the roller mill shall ensure the passage between the rolls of foreign bodies of a size of not more than 5 mm for mills with a hollow barrel and 8 mm for mills with a solid barrel of the grinding rolls.
192. Roller mills shall have light signalling of idle running.
193. Mills with pneumatic receivers shall have an interlocking mechanism that switches the mill to idle running in the event of a blockage of the bin.
194. Pneumatic receivers shall have a discharge device for removing the product in the event of blockages.
195. The design of the guard casing of the gears of the inter-roll transmission shall, at the normal oil level in the crankcase, preclude the splashing of oil into the external space.
196. The design of the cooling device for water-cooled rolls shall ensure a temperature difference between the incoming product and the ground product of not more than 12 degrees C.
197. The drive belts and pulleys of the roller mill and of the electric motor shall be guarded both on the outer side and on the inner side (on the side of the mill).
198. To prevent workers' fingers from being caught by the rotating rolls, the mills shall be provided with protective grilles.
199. The uprights of the dividing tables in groat separators of the "paddy" type shall be provided with devices preventing horizontal forces from acting on the building structure.
200. Machines for the hydrothermal treatment of grain and groats, and their steam sections, shall meet the requirements for the construction and safe operation of steam and hot-water pipelines in accordance with paragraph 152 of these Rules.
201. The locking devices of the upper and lower gate valves of the steamer shall ensure their proper engagement when the plug is turned during the working stroke, and their free disengagement during the idle stroke of the lever. The cocks of the upper and lower valves of the steamer shall ensure their tight closing when the vessel is filled with grain.
202. The loading hoppers of the crushers shall have a protective grille to prevent the entry of foreign objects.
203. The covers of the crushers shall have locking devices preventing them from opening spontaneously.
204. The feeding devices of the oilcake breakers and the maize-cob crushers shall have valves preventing the back-ejection of crushed oilcake and maize products from the throat.
205. Sack-beating machines shall eliminate the need to hold the sack by hand while it is being cleaned of dust.
206. Machines and apparatus for cleaning fabric sacks shall have devices preventing workers' hands from entering the working zone of the shaking (cleaning) and conveying mechanisms.
207. The furnaces of grain dryers operating on liquid or gaseous fuel shall be equipped with combustion-safety automation preventing: (a) the ejection of hot fuel into the pre-furnace space; (b) the flow of fuel into the furnace when the flame has gone out; (c) the ignition of fuel without first starting the fan and purging the furnace to remove stagnant fuel vapours.
208. Furnaces for burning liquid or gaseous fuel shall have a device for the automated shut-off of the fuel supply if the flame goes out.
209. The space of the furnaces in which liquid or gaseous fuel is directly burned shall be equipped with explosion-relief devices (valves).
210. Production equipment shall be arranged so that its installation, maintenance and repair are convenient and safe.
211. When stationary equipment is arranged, clear passages for its maintenance and repair shall be provided. The width of the passages shall be determined as the distance from the projecting building structures (utility systems) to the most projecting parts of the equipment.
212. Transverse and longitudinal passages directly connected with the evacuation exits to the stairwells or to adjacent rooms, as well as passages between groups of machines and mills, shall be at least 1 m wide, and those between individual machines and mills shall be at least 0.8 m wide.
213. The gaps between the pulleys of the roller mills arranged in a group with a transmission drive, or with a drive from individual electric motors located on the floor below, shall be at least 0.35 m wide.
214. Roller mills may be installed in groups provided that each group has no more than five mills with a total length, together with the electric motors, of no more than 15 m, and taking into account the possibility of carrying out work to change the working rolls on any mill without stopping the operation of the other mills in the group.
215. Between the walls of the building and the plansifters, passages at least 1.25 m wide shall be provided. The width of the passages between the plansifters along their long and short sides, including with a single-row or double-row longitudinal arrangement of the plansifters, is determined by the design decisions.
216. The installation in groups of plansifters, separators, scourers and washing machines, as well as of other equipment requiring access for maintenance from all sides, shall not be permitted.
217. On the side faces of the purifiers, passages at least 0.8 m wide, free of aspiration pipelines, shall be provided.
218. When vertical circular brushing machines are arranged in groups, the distance between the individual machines in a group shall be at least 0.7 m.
219. The passages around the carousel weighing device for the packing and packaging of the products shall be at least 2 m wide on all sides.
220. To provide maintenance conditions during repair, there shall be a passage at least 1.7 m wide from the drive of the granulator screw to the wall, and at least 1.6 m from the cooler, on the side of the discharge-device drive, to the wall.
221. In the furnace rooms of stationary grain dryers with furnaces operating on solid fuel, the passages on the side of the ash pits shall be at least 0.8 m, and the passage in front of the furnace at least 2.5 m. On existing grain dryers, when liquid or gaseous fuel is used, a distance from the projecting parts of the atomisers, gas burners or furnace fittings to the walls or other parts of the building, as well as to the equipment, of at least 1.5 m is permitted.
222. The passages between two separators, as well as between separators and the structural elements of the building, shall be as follows: for separators with side removal of the sieves: on the side of the drive shaft - at least 1 m wide; on the side faces - at least 1.2 m; for separators with circular rotation of the sieves: on the side of the drive shaft and sieve removal - at least 1.4 m wide; on the side faces - at least 1 m; for the other separators with a capacity of up to 50 t/h (when calculated for elevator cleaning) with reciprocating movement of the sieves and with sieve removal on the side of the drive shaft, the width is determined by the design decisions. For all separators, the passage on the side of the grain discharge shall be at least 0.7 m wide. On the side of the grain discharge, elevator pipes may be installed at a distance of at least 0.15 m from the outline of the separator in those cases where there is no magnetic protection device at the grain outlet of the separator.
223. The passages at the boot of the bucket elevator shall be provided on the three sides subject to maintenance, at least 0.7 m wide.
224. In production buildings, galleries, tunnels and on trestles, along the route of the conveyors, when they are arranged, passages shall be provided on both sides of the conveyor for safe installation, maintenance and repair. The width of the passages for servicing the conveyors shall be at least 0.75 m for belt and chain conveyors; 1.0 m between conveyors installed in parallel; 0.25 m on the non-serviced side. The width of the passage between conveyors installed in parallel and enclosed along their entire route by rigid casings or mesh guards may be reduced to 0.7 m.
225. Where there are building structures in the passage between conveyors (columns, pilasters) creating a local narrowing of the passage, the distance between the conveyors and the building structures shall be at least 0.5 m, over a passage length of up to 1 m. These passage locations shall be guarded.
226. For the width of the passage along the route of conveyors located in galleries having a floor inclination to the horizontal of 6 - 12°, decking with crosspieces shall be installed, and with an inclination of more than 12° - flights of stairs.
227. Where the conveyors have discharge trolleys, the width of the passage shall be increased taking into account the dimensions of the trolley.
228. The height of the passages shall be at least 2.0 m for conveyors without workstations installed in production premises; 1.9 m for conveyors installed in galleries, tunnels and on trestles (in this case the ceiling shall not have sharp projecting parts).
229. Over conveyors (without discharge trolleys) more than 20 m long, placed at a height of no more than 1.2 m from the floor level to the underside of the parts projecting above the conveyor, bridges guarded by handrails at least 1 m high shall be built at the necessary points along the conveyor route for the passage of people. The bridges over the conveyors shall be spaced no more than 50 m apart in production premises; 100 m in galleries and on trestles. The bridges shall be positioned so that the distance from their decking to the most projecting part of the conveyed product is at least 0.6 m, and to the underside of the projecting building structures (utility systems) at least 2 m.
230. To cross belt conveyors that have a discharge trolley, the bridges of the discharge trolley, at least 0.7 m wide, shall be used.
231. To service the drive and take-up stations of chain conveyors whose axes are located at a height of more than 1.8 m from the floor, and the rotating brushes in the discharge boxes of conveyors located at a height of more than 2 m, stationary platforms with railings for servicing shall be provided. To climb onto the platforms, stationary stairs at least 0.7 m wide shall be constructed.
232. When bucket elevators are installed outside buildings, the elevators shall be equipped (at the heads) with platforms having railings at least 1 m high and with stairs having handrails, a lifting height of no more than 6 m and a flight inclination of 60°.
233. Equipment without moving parts (gravity pipelines, material and air ducts, elevator pipes) may be located, with the sides not requiring maintenance, next to walls and columns, with a gap from them of at least 0.25 m.
234. All the working parts of the equipment shall be adjusted, balanced and in good working order, and shall operate without any noise, vibration or jamming not inherent to them.
235. A selenium rectifier and electrical switching devices that do not have the appropriate degree of enclosure protection shall be installed in the room of the electrical distribution point or in other rooms without increased danger.
236. Machines for trapping magnetic impurities shall be installed in places convenient for maintenance, with free access for inspection.
237. Before drying in direct-flow and recirculation shaft dryers (without additional devices for heating the grain), the grain shall be cleaned of coarse and light impurities, and before drying in recirculation dryers with grain heating in falling-layer chambers, of coarse impurities.
238. Before starting the dryer into operation, it is necessary to make sure that there are no seats of combustion or foreign smell in it, to inspect and clean of debris and dust the heating chamber, the shafts, the discharge mechanism, the diffusers, the air ducts, the fans, the hoisting-and-conveying and other equipment of the dryer, and to check: the presence of a complete set of casings and half-casings; the serviceability of the mechanisms of the loading and discharge, driven and non-driven devices; the condition and readiness for operation of the bucket elevators, conveyors and other conveying mechanisms (the correct rotation of the drive drums, the tension of the belt, the presence and integrity of the buckets, the serviceability of the means of control, interlocking and emergency protection); the serviceability of the means providing remote or manual regulation of the flows of grain, drying agent and air; the condition and readiness for operation of the fans (the rotation speed, the ease of rotation of the shaft, the absence of jolts, impacts and friction of the impeller against the fan casing, the absence of noise and vibration not inherent to it during its operation); the presence of lubricant in the bearings and of oil in the reduction gear; the tension of the drive belts; the tightness of the connections of the air ducts and diffusers and the fit of the covers of the inspection hatches; the serviceability of the aspiration equipment; the readiness of the scales for operation; the presence of raw grain in the bin and of space to accommodate the dried grain; the presence and serviceability of the primary fire-extinguishing means and the alarm system; the presence and serviceable condition of the guards and the earthing of the electrical equipment, ensuring the safety of the work.
239. All the dryer's mechanisms are checked at idle running before being put into operation. The defects identified during the check are eliminated.
240. During the lighting of the furnace, it is necessary to observe the established requirements and the procedure for starting the furnace.
241. Lighting the furnace of a grain dryer operating on solid fuel by means of readily flammable substances shall not be permitted.
242. When preparing the furnace for operation, it is necessary to check: the technical condition of the fuel system and its equipment, the atomiser, the pre-chamber, the cylinders and the deflector; the serviceability of the fuel-pressure regulator, the fuel flow meter, the shut-off valves and the pressure gauges, the absence of fuel leaks from the fuel line and the cleanliness of the filter; the technical condition of the devices for igniting the fuel and for automatically shutting off its supply in the event of flame failure and other malfunctions; the operation of the high-pressure fan providing the air supply to the atomiser and the atomisation of the liquid fuel, as well as the presence of fuel; the presence and condition of the air-supply channels to the furnace. It shall be ensured that no small grain impurities and films enter the furnace with the air through the intake openings.
243. When gaseous fuel is used, an inspection of the shut-off devices is carried out during the period of repair of the dryer.
244. Ignition of the fuel when servicing the furnaces may take place only after purging the furnace with the fan for 10 min. The automation and interlocking system of grain dryers operating on gaseous or liquid fuel shall ensure the fulfilment of this requirement. Starting the dryer may begin only after the bin has been loaded with grain.
245. The remote and local starting of the machines, mechanisms and furnaces of the grain dryers shall be carried out after a warning sound signal about the start has been given throughout all the working premises.
246. On the main line supplying liquid or gaseous fuel, there shall be a main shut-off valve installed at the exit from the furnace room, at a distance of at least 3 m from the furnace.
247. If the liquid or gaseous fuel does not ignite within 5 - 10 s when the furnace is being lit, the fuel-combustion control and automation system shall shut off its supply to the atomiser.
248. The repeated supply of fuel to the furnace and its lighting, after the cause of the malfunction has been eliminated, is carried out only after ventilating the furnace for 10 min.
249. After each extinction of the flame, ventilation of the furnace is obligatory to prevent the accumulation in the furnace of fuel or gas vapours forming an explosive mixture.
250. Leaving an operating furnace unattended shall be prohibited.
251. The fuel system shall be protected from fire, sparks and heated surfaces, and shall be earthed.
252. The fuel lines and the fuel fittings shall be strong and tight. Leakage of liquid or gaseous fuel from them shall not be permitted.
253. The hot structural parts of the grain dryers, the fans, the furnace walls, the air heaters and the radiators (with the exception of the heat-exchange surfaces), and the steam and heat pipelines, shall be covered with thermal insulation. The temperature of the outer surfaces shall not exceed 45 °C.
254. Opening the inspection hatches of the air ducts while the fans are operating shall be prohibited.
255. The structural parts of the grain dryers (heating chambers, shafts, heat-and-moisture exchangers, air ducts) shall be airtight and shall not let the drying agent into the working room. The doors leading into the exhaust chambers of the grain dryer shafts shall be tightly closed while the grain dryers are operating. The doors shall open into the chamber.
256. While the dryer is operating, the serviceable condition of the discharge mechanisms shall be constantly monitored, and their clogging shall not be allowed. In dryers with continuous discharge of grain, delaying its discharge without first stopping the supply of the heat carrier (drying agent) to the drying chamber shall be prohibited.
257. Grain samples from the hot zones of the grain dryer shall be taken only by means of scoops with wooden handles, which shall be kept in an accessible place convenient for maintenance.
258. Access of workers for inspection or repair into the over-drying and under-drying bins and the heat-and-moisture exchangers shall be carried out only after appropriate instruction and in the presence of the head of the shop or of the shift.
259. While a worker is inside the grain dryer or the lower bin, measures shall be taken to preclude the possibility of starting the fans or supplying grain. For this purpose, warning notices shall be posted on the starting equipment; in addition, another worker shall be near the grain dryer in case emergency assistance is required.
260. The repair of grain dryers, and in particular of the furnaces, is carried out only after their operation has been completely stopped and they have cooled down.
261. The elimination of malfunctions, blockages and grain back-ups, as well as the repair and cleaning of the dryer's equipment, are carried out only after it has been completely stopped.
262. Drying units, both stationary and mobile, shall have automatic regulation of the supply of liquid and gaseous fuel to the furnace devices, and systems for regulating the temperature of the heat carrier (drying agent) fed into the drying zone.
263. In the heating chambers and over-drying bins of recirculation grain dryers, and in the devices for the preliminary heating of grain, explosion-relief devices shall be provided.
264. In the heat-and-moisture exchangers of recirculation grain dryers, grain-level sensors with appropriate interlocking, and the installation of drain gravity chutes, shall be provided.
265. If a smell of scorched grain is detected, the fuel supply to the furnace shall be switched off immediately and the fans supplying the heat carrier to the drying chamber shall be stopped; the discharge of grain from the dryer shall be stopped; the supply of raw grain shall be stopped only if the dryer is loaded with grain. The causes of the appearance of the smell of scorched grain shall be identified and eliminated.
266. In the event of grain catching fire in the dryer, it is necessary immediately to: take measures, including for the immediate notification of the fire, provided for by the instruction on fire-safety measures developed at the operating organisation in accordance with the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of 16 September 2020 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2020, No. 39, Article 6056); switch off all the fans and close the gate valves in the air duct from the furnace and the dryer; stop the fuel supply to the furnace; stop the supply of grain from the dryer to the elevator or the store, without stopping the supply of raw grain to the grain dryer; set the discharge mechanism to maximum grain discharge. The grain from the grain dryer shall be discharged onto the floor; smouldering grain shall be collected into iron boxes or buckets and removed for subsequent extinguishing. Extinguishing smouldering grain with water inside the dryer itself shall be prohibited. Repeated starting of the dryer into operation may take place only after the causes of the fire have been identified and eliminated.
267. For the operation of grain-drying installations, the use of fuel not provided for by the manufacturer shall not be permitted. The storage of fuel and lubricants at a distance of less than 20 m from the dryer shall not be permitted. Wooden structures shall be at least 5 m away from the furnace and the ignition pipe.
268. Clearing conveyors, bucket-elevator boots and other machines of blockages, compacted product or objects that have got in, while they are operating, shall not be permitted. The clearing shall be carried out after the machines have been completely stopped and measures precluding their accidental starting have been taken.
269. Before starting the machines into operation, it is necessary to make sure that their starting does not create a danger to the workers, and, with remote control, a signal about the starting of the machines shall be given.
270. Removing or putting on the drive belts while running, and adjusting the tension of the belts or chains of the machines while they are operating, shall be prohibited.
271. Regular supervision shall be maintained over the operating machines for the timely elimination of defects that may cause an increase in noise or overheating of the rotating parts (incorrect assembly or wear of the machine's assemblies, untimely or insufficient lubrication). In the event of a malfunction threatening the safety of the workers, the equipment shall be switched off immediately.
272. Tightening bolted connections and eliminating malfunctions on moving parts may be carried out only when the equipment is completely stopped.
273. In those cases where the installation of automatic lubricating devices is impossible, and where it is necessary to fill the bearings and oilers while running, lubrication shall be carried out only where safe approach to the lubrication points is ensured, or where tubes and oilers led out into a safe and accessible zone are provided. Hand oilers for filling the bearings shall have an elongated spout (at least 200 mm) ensuring safe access to the bearing.
274. The starting and operation of machines that give off dust with open hatches, covers or doors shall be prohibited.
275. Sealing over or plugging the aspiration slots made in the covers of the machines shall not be permitted.
276. The manual taking of samples of grain, of milling products, and of grain and groats from equipment that has moving parts at the sampling point or in its immediate vicinity shall not be permitted. For this purpose, hatches shall be provided in the product pipelines. After samples have been taken or the equipment has been inspected, the hatches shall be tightly closed. A sample from the hatch of the discharge branch pipe shall be taken only with scoops.
277. When servicing the machines, safe devices - scrapers and brushes - shall be used for: cleaning the gap between the gate and the feed roller of the roller mill; clearing blockages in the boots of the bucket elevators and in the conveyors; cleaning, at idle running, the upper surfaces of the separator sieves (brushes with long handles); cleaning the feed mechanisms; cleaning the magnetic columns of metal impurities; cleaning the chute and the feed channels of the body of the paddy machine. These devices shall be kept in an easily accessible place convenient for maintenance.
278. Process, conveying, aspiration and other equipment, as well as gravity chutes and material pipelines, shall be marked in accordance with the process flow chart. The markings shall be clear and located in visible places.
279. When starting the separators and destoners, it is necessary to make sure of the balance of the body at idle running, of the proper fastening of the sieve frames, and of the absence of knocking and increased vibration.
280. The adjusting mechanism of the movable wall of the blowing channel of the pneumatic separators shall ensure smooth change of the channel width.
281. On the destoners and separators with circular translational movement, the body-suspension cables shall have equal tension and shall be systematically checked. A cable shall be replaced with a new one if the number of broken wires reaches 5 per cent of their total number over a section equal to the lay pitch. The ends of the cables shall be finished with a copper-wire braid and soldered.
282. The balance of the sieve bodies of the separators shall be periodically checked, and the fan rotors shall be balanced.
283. Filling the oilers with oil and pressure-testing the oil in them while the cylinders of the trieurs are rotating shall be prohibited.
284. While the scourers are operating, removing the frames of the scourer screens and opening the hatches in the emery and metal drums shall be prohibited.
285. The requirements of these Rules also apply to beater and brush bran-finishing machines with a horizontal and vertical arrangement of the cylinders for finishing the grain coats (tailings).
286. The working surface of the washing machine and of the dewatering column shall be cleaned by washing with a jet of water and, where necessary, with a brush. While the machine is operating, raking grain out of the screws of the trough and removing from it foreign objects that have accidentally got in shall be prohibited.
287. The columns of the grain heater shall be fastened to the floor slab. On the main line supplying steam to the heater, a pressure gauge shall be installed in a place convenient for observation, no higher than 2 m from the floor level. Before the steam is turned on, the heater shall be loaded with grain to the top. At least once per shift, the ventilation openings of the heater's top cover shall be opened to release the saturated air from it.
288. The loading of the conditioner with grain shall be uniform; in the event of a delay in loading, the supply of hot water to the batteries, the supply of hot air to the drying chamber, and of grain to the columns of the conditioner, shall be immediately switched off. When the grain hangs up, the cleaning of the shafts and channels shall be carried out through the hatches and manholes.
289. The screws of the apparatus (the heating one and the control one) shall be hermetically enclosed in the troughs; access to them during operation for the clearing of blockages and for repair shall be prohibited. The removable covers of the troughs shall be opened only when the machine is stopped.
290. When the machine is controlled from a control panel, the latter shall ensure the reliable and clear operation of all the control mechanisms and the giving of a sound or light signal in the event of a disruption of their normal operation.
291. The moisture remover of the high-speed conditioning apparatus shall have systems for the automatic interlocking of the intake and discharge of grain.
292. Electromagnetic separators may operate when their parts (the magnetic circuit, the bearings) are heated to a temperature of no more than 60 °C, and the parts in contact with the product - to no more than 50 °C.
293. The drive mechanisms of the agitator, the feed roller, the travelling roller and the device for cleaning the magnetic poles shall be guarded.
294. The scraper mechanisms of the electromagnetic separators shall operate uniformly and ensure the complete removal of metal-magnetic impurities without manual cleaning. Touching the poles of the separators with the hands shall be prohibited.
295. The light signalling of the electromagnetic separators shall operate without interruption; in its absence, energising the separator shall be prohibited.
296. When knocking or other signs of a malfunction appear in the separator, it is necessary to stop it immediately to prevent possible spark formation.
297. The design of the magnetic columns shall ensure the easy removal of the horseshoe block for cleaning them of metal-magnetic impurities without the use of physical force. During the cleaning of the magnets, the possibility of metal-magnetic impurities getting into the product shall be precluded.
298. For cleaning the magnetic columns of metal-magnetic impurities, brushes or wooden scrapers shall be used. The collection of metal-magnetic impurities shall be carried out into boxes.
299. The side and end surfaces of the magnetic horseshoes shall be cleanly machined and shall not have sharp edges or burrs.
300. The magnetisation of the magnetic horseshoes shall be carried out in an isolated dry room.
301. The operating personnel shall systematically check the uninterrupted and uniform feeding of the product, over the entire length of the magnetic field, into the electromagnetic separators and the magnetic columns.
302. The misalignment of the common axes of the surfaces of the journals (65 mm in diameter) of the grinding rolls in each half of the roller mill shall not be more than 0.25 mm over a length of 1000 mm.
303. The gap between the rolls shall be adjustable within the range from 0.1 to 1.0 mm.
304. The feeding device of the roller mill shall ensure the uniform feeding of the product over the entire length of the rolls.
305. For cleaning the gap between the gate and the feed roller, as well as the aspiration pipes, channels and material pipelines, safe and convenient devices shall be provided. The removal and installation of the gate for cleaning the feed rollers is carried out only after the mill has been completely stopped.
306. Cleaning and removing the guide plates for feeding the products from the feed rollers to the working zone while the roller mill is operating, as well as picking up by hand foreign objects that have got into the mill, shall be prohibited. If such objects get in, it is necessary to switch off the mill immediately and to remove them after the mill has been completely stopped.
307. The removal of the rolls from the mill, and their movement and installation, are carried out using devices (crane and other trolleys, hoists, monorail tracks).
308. The longitudinal axis of the monorail shall pass over the axis of the fast-rotating roll. The distance from the floor to the monorail shall be at least 3.2 m.
309. The doors and hatches of the mill shall be closed and shall not let dust into the room. Sealing over or plugging the aspiration slots made in the covers of the mill shall be prohibited.
310. The balancers and the moving parts of the machines (the eccentric oscillator, the drive shafts) shall be fastened and covered with easily removable guards. Starting the plansifters into operation with unguarded balancers shall be prohibited. The balancers shall not touch the guards or the body of the plansifter.
311. The fastening of the bodies shall be ensured by a complete set of lock-nutted tie bolts.
312. The bodies of the plansifters shall be suspended so that the lower plane of the body is at a height of at least 0.35 m from the floor level.
313. All the flexible connections of the bodies of the plansifters and destoners with the discharge branch pipes shall be made of dust-proof materials and shall be fastened to the fittings of the bodies and to the branch pipes.
314. The fittings for hanging the sleeves shall not have sharp edges or burrs; the lower edges of the fittings shall be rolled inwards.
315. The installation, removal and movement of the balancers shall be carried out with the aid of trolleys.
316. During the run-up period, stopping a plansifter that is operating properly, as well as switching a plansifter on again before it has completely stopped, shall be prohibited. During the starting and stopping of the plansifters, being in the passage between the plansifters shall be prohibited.
317. The plansifter shall rotate uniformly, without impacts or knocking. In the event of a disruption of its running or the appearance of knocking, it is necessary to stop the plansifter immediately, stopping the supply of the product.
318. Before start-up of the plansifter, it shall be checked and confirmed that there are no foreign objects in the machine.
319. In purifiers, the sieve frames shall be secured to prevent them from falling out or shifting in the grooves during operation.
320. During operation of the purifiers, it shall be prohibited to clear the collecting augers (in old designs) of blockages by hand, or to lubricate and repair the eccentric oscillator.
321. Start-up of hulling machines shall be prohibited with the heads removed, with faulty tensioning devices, without the hulling wheels, or on loosely secured abrasive discs.
322. The rubber rolls of hulling machines shall be easy to remove and fit. Overheating of the rubber rolls shall not be permitted.
323. The discs, rolls and decks shall have no cracks or damage. The discs and rolls shall be statically balanced individually and when assembled with the rotors.
324. The balanced running of the drum of the roll-and-deck machine shall be monitored. If knocking or uneven running occurs, the machine shall be stopped immediately.
325. At the outlet of the products from the hulling zone of the roll-and-deck machine, a deflector preventing scattering of the product shall be installed.
326. It shall be prohibited to pick up by hand foreign objects that have entered the working zone of the machine (between the roll and the deck) before the machine has come to a complete stop. Scrapers shall be used to clean the clearance between the gate and the feed roller.
327. The abrasive parts of the roll-and-deck machine (the drum and the deck) shall be strong, shall have no pits or cracks, and shall be fastened to the cast-iron bases. It shall be prohibited to put into operation rolls and decks that have cracks.
328. The working surfaces of the hulling stand shall be strictly horizontal and parallel to one another. The lower rotating disc shall be periodically checked for balance and for the absence of radial run-out. To prevent mutual contact of the working surfaces of the discs during their operation, the formation of cracks on the working surfaces and their rupture, full lowering of the handwheel mechanism shall be prohibited.
329. Scrapers and portable stands shall be used to clean the chute and the feed valves of the body of the paddy machine. Standing on the body of the machine shall be prohibited.
330. Adjustment of the housings of paddy machines suspended on rockers may be carried out only when they are stopped.
331. It shall be prohibited to lubricate the machine while it is running or to move the guides when the slider is worn. If knocking, uneven running, or overheating of the bearing support occurs, operation of the machine shall be prohibited.
332. During operation of steamers, steam dryers, steaming vessels and cooking vessels, the following shall be ensured: serviceability of the safety valves and of the monitoring and measuring instruments (pressure gauges, thermometers); sealing of the equipment, the steam and heat pipelines and their joints, preventing the penetration of steam into the working area; thermal insulation of all hot sections of the machines, apparatus, steam and heat pipelines; reliability of operation of the shut-off valves and rotary gates at the inlet and outlet of the product; serviceability of the guards of the drive belts, pulleys and chain drives.
333. The steam pressure shall be maintained no higher than the control mark indicated on the pressure gauge scale, and the temperature in the apparatus no higher than the established norms.
334. The premises where steamers, dryers, steaming and cooking apparatus are located shall be equipped with supply ventilation.
335. The covers, hatches and gate valves shall have seals preventing the passage of water, steam and dust, and shall be secured in their installation locations.
336. Repair of equipment shall be permitted only after the supply of steam has been stopped and the remaining steam has been released from the apparatus.
337. A shut-off valve shall be installed to disconnect the apparatus from the steam line.
338. A pressure-reducing valve with a pressure gauge shall be installed upstream of the steam dryer to maintain the set pressure and to prevent rupture of the tubes of the heaters.
339. Samples shall be taken from the hatch of the outlet branch pipe of the steam dryer only with wooden scoops.
340. Opening the covers of crushers while the rotor is rotating shall not be permitted. The rotors of the crushers shall be statically balanced when assembled. The hammers of the crushers shall be secured and shall have no cracks or other defects. The hammers shall not touch the deck or the sieve, to avoid sparking. Operation of crushers with increased vibration or other faults shall not be permitted.
341. Start-up of the crusher is carried out only in the unloaded state, after checking for the absence of foreign objects in it. Before start-up, the completeness, fastening and condition of the hammers on the rotor and the integrity of the sieves shall be checked.
342. If knocking or other faults occur, the machine shall be stopped immediately to identify and eliminate the causes of the fault. During start-up, the crusher shall first be run idle, and then loaded gradually up to the required load. In doing so, measures shall be taken against the reverse ejection of the product. When raw material is fed into the crusher, its upper neck shall be closed. During operation of crushers, it shall be prohibited to carry out repair work.
343. Hammer crushers shall be installed on vibration-isolating bases.
344. Loading of hay or straw, freed from the packing wire, into hay looseners shall be carried out by special (roller-free) conveyors. Pushing hay or straw into the neck of the hay loosener by hand shall be prohibited.
345. It shall be prohibited to push, by hand or with any tools, cakes of oilcake or corn cobs that have become stuck in the neck of oilcake breakers and corn-cob crushers. To remove them, the machine shall be stopped.
346. The feeding of oilcake for crushing is carried out by means of a conveyor.
347. The cones of the over-batcher hoppers and the branch pipes above the batchers shall be airtight and strong, excluding the possibility of rupture when the product collapses. For products with poor flowability, to prevent arching, hang-up and collapse of the product, electric-vibration or mechanical exciters shall be installed on the cones of the hoppers.
348. The rotating lever joints, the ratchet mechanisms of the batchers, the drives and chain drives, and the end and free sections of the shafts shall be guarded.
349. The blades of the exciter of the drum batcher shall be secured to the shaft.
350. The batchers shall be airtight and shall not allow dusting. Repair or cleaning of a batcher may be carried out only after the machine has come to a complete stop.
351. Safety self-opening valves that open when the product backs up shall be installed on the gravity pipes downstream of the discharge devices of the mixer.
352. To take samples after the mixer, devices excluding the entry of the operating personnel's hands into the mixing zone shall be provided.
353. Before start-up of the mixer, the following shall be checked: the tightening of the bolts of all sealing devices; the presence of lubricant in the gearbox and the oil distributor; the actuation of the limit switches that register the tightness of the closing of the lower cover and its opening. The upper covers of the mixers shall be tightly closed and secured. Operation of the mixers with the covers open shall be prohibited.
354. Possible blockages of the mixers with product or other faults may be eliminated only when the electric motor is switched off and the machine has come to a complete stop. Scrapers shall be used to clear blockages of the mixers.
355. Before start-up of the installation for pelleting compound feed, it shall be confirmed that there are no foreign objects in the machine and that the mechanisms and instruments are serviceable.
356. During operation of the pelletiser, it shall be prohibited to do anything in the zone of the assembly of the shearable safety pins of the die, since if the pins shear off, the rotating flange may cause injury.
357. It shall be prohibited to replace the safety pins with a metal rod or anything else.
358. A hoist shall be used to replace the dies. The lower plane of the frame of the pelletiser shall be at the level of the floor of the premises to allow the use of the hoist when replacing the dies.
359. Adjustment of the clearances between the rollers and the die may be carried out only when the pelletiser is stopped.
360. The control panel, control boards, fittings and instruments shall be located in a place convenient for maintenance, and free access to them shall be ensured.
361. Start-up of the cooler shall be permitted only when the fan and the rotary gate are in operation.
362. The hatches, doors and partitions of the corn-cob dryer, intended for changing the direction of the heat carrier, shall be secured in such a way that the possibility of their breaking off is excluded.
363. The upper, purge hatches of the drying chambers, in addition to solid covers, shall be equipped with removable gratings to prevent people from falling into the chambers. Stationary step-ladders with guards shall be used for access to the drying chambers.
364. The shaft of the vibrator of the equipment for cleaning cobs and grain, together with the eccentric and the rods connecting the eccentric to the chute, shall be secured, and the shaft with the eccentric shall be guarded.
365. The drum of the corn sheller and the impeller of the fan shall be balanced and secured on their shafts. The drum shall not touch the bars of the deck.
366. The eccentric shaft of the corn-seed grader shall turn easily by hand and shall operate without knocking.
367. The working surfaces of the deflectors, as well as of the cells of the cylinders of the trieur for grading corn seeds, shall be even, without sharp protrusions, scoring, burrs or scratches. The chain drive of the drive shall be guarded and shall operate smoothly, without jerks.
368. Spontaneous switching on of the shaking mechanisms of the bagging and weighing-bagging machines, the bag-sewing machines and the conveyors serving them shall be completely excluded.
369. The automatic shaking mechanism of the weighing-bagging machines shall operate without knocking or jolts.
370. Inspection and repair of the loosener, the vane feeder, the interlocking devices and the shaking mechanism of the weighing-bagging machine before it has come to a complete stop shall be prohibited.
371. The mechanism of the gate valves of the scales shall open easily. The counter and the weighing scale shall have lighting.
372. To reduce noise, impacts or jolts during tipping of the bucket and operation of the shaking mechanism, a wooden frame 40 mm thick shall be installed under the scales, and rubber gaskets shall be laid between the frame and the bed of the scales along the width of the bearing surface of the bed of the scales.
373. The design of the weighing carousel device for packing and bagging flour into sacks shall ensure normal safe operation, maintenance and repair of the device. The device shall be operated only when aspiration is present. The path of the product's passage shall be dust-proof. Repair work on the device is carried out only after the equipment has been completely disconnected from the electrical power supply. During repair, the moving parts on non-dismountable assembly units shall be secured.
374. Switching on and off of the bag-sewing machines and the automatic scales during manual packing shall be carried out by a foot pedal. The conveyors at the bag-sewing machines shall be reversible.
375. Start-up of a bag-sewing machine without a guard on the drive shall be prohibited, and start-up of wire-stitching machines shall be prohibited without a shield at the point of feeding the wire for making staples.
376. The hatches in the floors of the bagging and packing sections, through which the sacks are fed onto the conveyor, shall be guarded to a height of no less than 1 m. When the feeding of sacks stops, the hatches shall be closed with covers.
377. The guide strips and the swivel shields on the conveyors shall be free of sharp edges, rims and burrs.
378. During operation of the automatic machine for packing flour and groats, it shall be prohibited to remove spoiled packets or to lubricate and wipe down the parts of the machine.
379. The automatic machine and the conveyor shall be equipped with "Stop" buttons for rapid switching off when faults in the operation of the automatic machine are detected.
380. All zones of active dust emission during the entry of the product into the packet and during its compaction shall be aspirated.
381. Automatic machines operating in the heat-sealing mode, when packing products into polyethylene packets, shall have aspiration of the zones of the welding devices to prevent the emission of polyethylene vapours.
382. Sewing machines for the repair of fabric packaging are installed on a common table no more than 15 m long. They shall be secured to the tables. The heads of the machines shall not vibrate. Each machine shall have a local exhaust for the removal of dust and fabric lint.
383. Sewing machines shall be provided with safety devices excluding the entry of hands under the needle. Sewing machines shall have quick-acting braking devices. An arc-shaped plate shall be attached to the blade of the needle holder. A blade for cutting the thread shall be attached to the leg of the needle holder.
384. Between the edge of the table and the guard of the knife disc of the machine for cutting patches, there shall be a clearance of no more than 3 mm.
385. The drive shaft with the disc knives of the machine shall be balanced. The machine shall have passages of no less than 1 m on all sides. The discs shall be guarded.
386. Machines and apparatus for cleaning fabric sacks of dust and dough crust shall be aspirated and shall prevent dust from breaking through into the working area.
387. The beater drums of the sack-beating machines shall be balanced. The beaters of the drums shall be of equal length and shall have no sharp edges or burrs. The beaters shall pass freely between the gratings and shall not touch the fixed parts of the machines, and they shall be secured to their drums. The covers, hatches and doors of the sack-beating machines shall be sealed with rubber and fabric gaskets and shall not let dust through.
388. During operation of the sack-beating machines, it shall not be permitted to tear sacks off the sack holders or off the hooks of the conveyor chain and the discharge mechanism.
389. Rack gate valves and flap valves, controlled by means of chain-and-cable blocks, shall have stops to prevent them from falling out.
390. The slides of the gate valves shall move in the grooves without skewing or jamming and shall have stops to prevent them from falling out. The connection of the gate valves to the gravity pipes shall be tight.
391. The loading chutes shall be installed along the axis of the conveyor, and the side cheeks and the shield shall be fitted in place. The loading chute shall have no sharp edges or burrs. Adjusting the cheeks of the loading chute, removing foreign objects and taking samples while the conveyor is running shall be prohibited.
392. The loading chutes shall be aspirated and shall not allow dust emission or grain spillage.
393. The hatches in the gravity pipes through which the product enters and is discharged from the rotary gates are located at a distance of no less than 250 mm from the body of the gates to ensure safety when taking samples and cleaning the gravity pipe.
394. Testing of the rotation of the gate impeller is carried out by the end of the shaft; turning the impeller by the blades by hand shall be prohibited.
395. Rotary feeders and gates used in aerosol, pneumatic and aspiration installations shall be airtight and shall have no air leaks.
396. Cleaning of the rotary gate of product that has stuck to the walls of the impeller shall be carried out by blowing it with air.
397. The connecting flanges of the cyclones and their volutes shall have seals excluding the passage of air.
398. Dust and other carried-over material shall be removed from the dust collectors continuously. The operation of the rotary gates and dust collectors shall be systematically monitored. The ejection of aspiration carry-over from the cyclones when they are overfilled shall not be permitted.
399. The sleeves of the suction filters shall be intact, without tears, and made of dense filtering fabric ensuring cleaning of the air of dust to the established norms. The tension of the sleeves shall be uniform.
400. Operation of filters with mechanical shaking of the sleeves and with a device for reverse blowing with atmospheric air, when the shaking mechanism is faulty or the number of strokes is reduced, shall not be permitted.
401. The wire frames of the filter sleeves shall be earthed to the body with strips of foil.
402. Operation of a compressor shall not be permitted without automatic controls, without a protection system against a rise in temperature, pressure and oil level, without a non-return valve installed upstream of the water-and-oil separator, and without a safety valve downstream of the water-and-oil separator.
403. For a compressor with water cooling, automatic devices supplying cooling water shall be provided.
404. The automatic start-up of compressors is carried out by means of start interlocks based on the presence of cooling water flow, on the pressure and temperature of the oil in the lubrication system, and on the temperature and pressure of the air at the outlet of the compressor.
405. Water-and-oil separators and receivers are provided with safety valves, cleaning hatches, a drain cock and a pressure gauge with a three-way cock. The safety valves shall be tested for the full-opening pressure.
406. Water, oil and dirt shall be removed from the water-and-oil separator daily, and from the air receivers in winter after each stop of the compressor, to prevent the water from freezing. At least once every six months, the receiver shall be cleaned.
407. The pipe between the compressor and the receiver shall be cleaned and washed with a soda solution every six months.
408. The full-opening pressure and the throughput capacity of the safety valves shall comply with the requirements of Appendix No. 2 to the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Equipment Operating under Excess Pressure", adopted by Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 41 of 2 July 2013.
409. Rotary blowers shall have an individual electric drive, a lubrication system, a silencer, a safety valve and a pressure gauge.
410. Flexible branch pipes (inserts) made of airtight material (rubber, rubberised fabric, synthetic fabric with a polymer or other coating similar in characteristics) shall be installed between the fan and the pipes connected to it.
411. When fans operate with open suction openings, the latter shall be closed with meshes with a cell size of 20 x 20 mm.
412. In bucket elevators, reliable fixing of the fastening parts shall be ensured, excluding the possibility of the buckets coming off and of the fastening parts entering the conveyed product.
413. The elevator belt shall be tensioned uniformly across its width to prevent it from running off the drum. The belt and the buckets shall not touch the walls of the pipes or the casings of the head and boot of the bucket elevator. In the event of impacts or friction of the moving parts, or of a blockage of the bucket elevator, the latter shall be stopped immediately.
414. For servicing the heads of bucket elevators whose drive drum axes are located at a height of more than 1.5 m from the floor, special platforms with railings no less than 1 m high, with a 0.15 m boarding at the bottom, and with passages provided for servicing, shall be provided. Stationary stairs with railings, no less than 0.7 m wide, shall be arranged for climbing onto the platforms.
415. The recessing of the elevator boots into pits shall be justified. Recessed elevator pits shall be guarded with railings no less than 1 m high, with a 0.15 m boarding at the bottom; the pit shall have passages of no less than 1 m for servicing. A stationary staircase shall be arranged for access to the pit.
416. Inspection hatches and hatches for tensioning the belts are provided in the elevator pipes. For convenience of observing the running of the belt, the inspection hatches are installed at a height of 1.6 m from the floor. The middle axis of the hatches for tensioning the belts shall be located at a height of no more than 1.3 m from the floor. During operation of the bucket elevator, the inspection hatches and the belt-tensioning hatches, as well as the doors in the head and boot of the bucket elevator, shall be tightly closed.
417. The heads, boots and pipes of the bucket elevator shall be dust-tight.
418. With remote control, start-up of the bucket elevator from the control panel may be carried out only after a warning signal. With local control, the start button shall be located at the head of the bucket elevator, near the electric motor.
419. Stopping of the bucket elevator shall be carried out by a "Stop" button at the head and boot of the bucket elevator. The "Stop" button shall operate in both the local and the remote control mode.
420. When the bucket elevator operates on products with poor flowability, devices preventing blockages of the bucket elevator - feeders above the intake spouts of the elevator boots - shall be provided. The feeding of raw material, other than grain and pelleted material, shall be provided in the direction of the belt movement.
421. The holes for bolts in the rear wall of the buckets shall have no sharp edges or burrs.
422. The installation of the loading and unloading devices shall ensure uniform and centred feeding of the load onto the conveyor in the direction of its movement. The loading and unloading devices shall exclude jamming and hang-up of the load in them, the formation of spillage or the falling out of unit loads, and overloading of the conveyor.
423. Stationary belt conveyors for bulk loads shall have devices for cleaning the idle run of the belt.
424. Slipping of the belt on the drive drum shall not be permitted. If slipping occurs, it shall be eliminated by the methods provided for by the design of the conveyor (increasing the tension of the belt, increasing the pressure of the pressure roller). When the belt tension is weak, it shall be prohibited to lubricate the drive drums with binding substances (resin, rosin). The distance from the lower belt of the conveyor to the floor shall be no less than 150 mm.
425. Limit switches and stops restricting the travel of the loading-and-unloading devices shall be installed on the routes of conveyors with movable loading or unloading devices.
426. The moving parts of the conveyor (the drive, tensioning and deflecting drums, the tensioning devices, the support rollers and the rollers of the lower run of the belt in the areas of the workplaces, the belt and other drives, the pulleys, couplings and shaft ends) to which the operating personnel and persons working near the conveyors may have access shall be guarded. The weights of the vertical tensioning stations shall be guarded to a height of no less than 2 m from the floor. Free access to the weights shall be ensured for adjusting their mass.
427. Conveyors, at the head and tail sections, shall be equipped with emergency buttons for stopping the conveyor. The conveyors of the under-silo and over-silo galleries shall be fitted with emergency cable switches located on the side of the personnel passage. Conveyors open along their entire route shall, at places of increased danger, be additionally equipped with devices for stopping the conveyor in emergency situations at any point on the side of the servicing passage. Along the under-silo and over-silo, lower and upper conveyors and the warehouses, the installation of "Stop" buttons every 10 m shall be provided.
428. Operation of stationary screw conveyors (augers), chain conveyors and airslides with the covers open shall be prohibited.
429. The open part of an auger used for loading bran, meal, compound feed and other bulk loads into railway wagons or motor vehicles shall be guarded with a grating with a cell size of 250 x 75 mm.
430. In screw conveyors, holes with tightly fitting gate valves shall be provided in the bottom of the trough for cleaning the trough in the event of blockages and jamming of the conveyed product.
431. Lubrication of the intermediate bearings of screw conveyors shall be carried out by means of oilers installed on the outside of the casing.
432. The covers and hatches of the casings of all types of conveyors shall be tightly closed and shall exclude the emission of dust.
433. The working surfaces of the rails for the movement of the unloading trolleys of belt conveyors shall lie in one plane and shall have no steps at the joints; the rails shall be straight and parallel to the axis of the conveyor. In the end parts of the frame, regardless of the presence of limit switches, mechanical stops guaranteeing the stopping of the trolley shall be arranged.
434. Self-propelled unloading trolleys of belt conveyors shall have switching-on and switching-off mechanisms with a quick-acting braking device. The braking device shall ensure the immobility of the trolley during operation of the conveyor.
435. Non-self-propelled unloading trolleys shall move easily by the effort of one person. Movement of a non-self-propelled trolley while the conveyor is running shall be prohibited. The force required to move a non-self-propelled unloading trolley shall not exceed 150 N (15 kgf).
436. Unloading trolleys at elevators shall be aspirated.
437. With remote control of the trolley, its movement may be carried out only after a warning signal on the floor or in the gallery.
438. The requirements for the maintenance and repair of equipment are set out in Chapter IX of these Rules.
439. The systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, production and emergency alarm signalling, and notification of emergency situations shall comply with the requirements of the technological design standards, these Rules, the current regulatory and technical documentation, the designs and the technological regulations, and shall ensure the specified accuracy of maintaining the technological parameters and the reliability and safety of carrying out the technological processes.
440. The selection of the systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, production and emergency alarm signalling, and notification of emergency situations, according to the indicators of safety, reliability, response speed, the permissible error of the measuring systems and other technical characteristics, is carried out taking into account the features of the technological process.
441. The placement of the electrical elements and the systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, production and emergency alarm signalling, and notification of emergency situations in the explosion-hazardous zones of the production premises and outdoor installations, and their degree of explosion protection, shall comply with the requirements of the legal acts on the arrangement of electrical installations and of the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Equipment for Operation in Explosive Atmospheres", adopted by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 825 of 18 October 2011.
442. The systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, production and emergency alarm signalling, and notification of emergency situations shall be located in places that are convenient and safe for maintenance and that exclude: vibration whose quantitative characteristics exceed the permissible values of the vibration indicators for the technical devices used; contamination by the substances circulating in the technological process; and mechanical and other harmful effects affecting the accuracy, reliability and response speed of those systems.
443. The metrological support of the systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 102-FZ of 26 June 2008 "On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 26, Art. 3021; 2019, No. 52, Art. 7814).
444. When monitoring the parameter values established by these Rules, the errors of the measuring instruments used shall be taken into account.
445. The methods (means) of control, the scope of automation and the component base used for these purposes are determined by the design specification and shall not reduce the level of explosion safety of the production facility or object being designed, which is established by the requirements of these Rules.
446. Monitoring shall be established over the condition and correct operation of the systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, production and emergency alarm signalling, and notification of emergency situations, the scope of which shall ensure their reliable operation.
447. The remote automatic control of equipment operation shall ensure: 1) the possibility of monitoring the operability of the systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, production and emergency alarm signalling, and notification of emergency situations; 2) continuous monitoring of the technological process parameters and control of the operating modes to maintain their regulated values; 3) the recording of activation and the identification of the device that issued the signal for the automatic emergency shutdown of the technological line or equipment; 4) the performance of trouble-free start-up and shutdown operations and all switching operations necessary for this.
448. At the facilities, the following shall be provided (determined at the stages of process development): 1) remote centralised start-up and shutdown of the electric motors of the equipment; 2) emergency shutdown of all electric motors of the workshop from any floor and control panel (control room); 3) local control of the electric drive of each unit of equipment; 4) automatic interlocking of the electric motors of the equipment or groups of equipment, so arranged that the sequence of their start-up and shutdown, as well as the emergency shutdown of one of the machines in that group, excludes the possibility of material blockages and back-ups; 5) interlocking of the electric motors of the aspiration units and the aspirated machines, ensuring the start-up of the equipment with a time delay after the start-up of the aspiration units, the shutdown of the aspiration units with a time delay after the shutdown of the aspirated equipment, and the immediate shutdown of the equipment upon the emergency shutdown of the aspiration units; 6) interlocking of the electric motors of the electromagnetic separators, ensuring their shutdown in the absence of direct current in the circuits of the electromagnets; 7) remote monitoring of the upper and lower levels of raw materials and products in the silos and bins; 8) interlocking of the drive of the gate valves of the blowers with the starting devices of each blower; 9) remote control of the electric drives of the gate valves and discharge devices beneath the silos and bins, and of the diverter valves; 10) monitoring of the loading of hulling and polishing machines, flaking machines, roller mills, presses, hammer mills and turbo-blowers, and of bucket elevators, by installing ammeters in the circuits of their electric drives (on the control panels or at the machines); 11) monitoring of the operation of bucket elevators. At operating production facilities and sites, from the RKS of each bucket elevator with a transmission drive, only the activation of emergency light and sound alarm signalling may be provided; 12) monitoring of the operation of stationary belt conveyors, chain conveyors, screw conveyors and rotary airlock valves of pneumatic conveying systems. The conveyor control scheme shall provide for an interlock that excludes the possibility of the drive being restarted before the emergency situation is eliminated. On conveyors that form part of automated transport or technological lines, devices for the automatic shutdown of the drive when an emergency situation arises shall be provided. On a technological line consisting of several conveyors installed in series and operating simultaneously, or of conveyors combined with other machines (feeders, bucket elevators, crushers), the drives of the conveyors and of all the machines shall be interlocked so that, in the event of a sudden stoppage of any machine or conveyor, the preceding machines or conveyors are automatically switched off while the subsequent ones continue to operate until the conveyed product has completely discharged from them. The possibility of switching off each conveyor shall be provided; 13) interlocking of the rotary airlock valves of the unloaders with the turbo-blowers in the pneumatic networks; 14) monitoring of the temperature of the bearings of turbo-compressors, turbo-blowers, roller mills and crushers; 15) light-and-sound signalling of the start-up of the electric motors of the equipment and monitoring of their operation; 16) two-way production loudspeaker communication and telephone communication between the operator and the workplaces. The list of production subdivisions with which communication is established, and the type of communication, are determined depending on the features of the technological process, the production conditions and other factors; 17) in cases where the crushers are provided with a device for the automatic regulation of loading, this device shall be interlocked with the electric motor of the crusher; 18) the covers through which access is gained to the interior of the mixer for adjusting the rotation of the blades and changing the gap between the blade and the trough shall have an interlock with the drive electric motor for switching off and completely stopping the machine; 19) production and emergency alarm signalling, and notification of emergency situations.
449. The functioning of the technical monitoring devices that ensure emergency protection shall not depend on the technological process control system. A malfunction of the technological process control system shall not affect the operation of the devices that ensure the emergency protection of the equipment, the technological lines and the facility as a whole.
450. The rational selection of the systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection is determined by the developers of these systems taking into account the requirements of the technological part of the design, and is carried out taking into account their reliability and response speed in accordance with their technical characteristics. The response time of the devices that ensure emergency protection shall be such as to exclude the possibility of an accident developing.
451. To ensure the effective functioning of the systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, their unauthorised activation and arbitrary switching, including during power supply interruptions, shall be excluded.
452. The list of monitored parameters that determine the explosion hazard of the process in each specific case is compiled by the process developer and is specified in the initial data for the design.
453. The use at a facility of systems for remote automatic control, interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection, production and emergency alarm signalling, communication and notification of emergency situations that have exceeded their designated service life shall not be permitted.
454. Technical means that ensure, in automatic mode, notification of pre-emergency and emergency situations shall be provided.
455. The premises, buildings and structures of the facilities shall comply with the standards of Federal Law No. 384-FZ of 30 December 2009 "Technical Regulation on the Safety of Buildings and Structures" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, No. 1, Art. 5; 2013, No. 27, Art. 3477), Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22 July 2008 "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements", and the requirements of these Rules.
456. When determining the category of the buildings, structures, constructions and premises of the facilities according to fire and fire-and-explosion hazard, the standards of Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22 July 2008 "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements" shall be taken into account.
457. When calculating the values of the fire-and-explosion hazard criteria of the premises, the most unfavourable accident scenario is selected as the design scenario, in which the largest quantity of production dust (waste, finely dispersed products) that is most dangerous in terms of the consequences of the explosion takes part in the explosion, a significant quantity of which is contained in the aspiration, pneumatic conveying and mechanical (pneumatic) waste-handling systems, as well as in the vessels for their collection and subsequent storage. In doing so, the conditions for the occurrence and development in them of explosions of dust-air, gas-air and dust-gas-air mixtures shall be taken into account, as well as the possible release into the premises of dust-like materials (their quantities) during an emergency depressurisation of the technological equipment and the dust-removal equipment, the deposits of dust and production waste on the structures of the equipment, buildings and structures, and the fire-and-explosion hazard indicators of this dust.
458. Disregard (neglect), when calculating the category of the premises, buildings and outdoor installations of the facilities according to fire-and-explosion and fire hazard, of the dust deposits in the technological, transport and aspiration equipment, on the floor, walls and other surfaces shall not be permitted.
459. When developing actions to ensure the safety of the buildings and structures of the facilities, the sources of hazard, the risk factors of accidents, the conditions for the occurrence of accidents and their scenarios, and the number and placement of the production personnel shall be taken into account.
460. During the operation of the buildings and structures of the facilities, an assessment of the technical condition of their building structures is carried out, which consists in determining the degree of damage (the category of technical condition) and the possibility of their further operation for their direct or altered (in the event of technical re-equipment) functional purpose. The assessment of the technical condition and operational suitability of the building structures, established on the basis of the characteristic and detailed signs of damage and defects, is refined according to the results of instrumental and laboratory studies and verification calculations.
461. The volume of a production premises per worker shall be no less than 15 m3, and the area of the premises shall be no less than 4.5 m2.
462. The height of the premises from the floor to the underside of the projecting structures of the floor slab (roof covering) shall be no less than 2.2 m.
463. The internal surface of the walls, ceilings, load-bearing structures, doors and floors of the production premises, as well as the internal surfaces of the walls of the silos and bins built into the production buildings, shall be free from projections, recesses and ledges and shall allow their cleaning to be carried out easily.
464. The types of floor coverings are selected taking into account the technological requirements. The floors shall have a level covering resistant to destruction, and in premises with dusty production processes, ease of cleaning and low dust release of the covering shall be provided.
465. The arrangement of the window structures shall ensure the possibility of wiping and repairing the outer surface of the windows directly from the premises.
466. The premises for bagging finished products into sacks and packaging into bags shall be isolated from other production and storage premises.
467. Second-hand sacks are treated in separate, specially equipped premises for sorting, cleaning, repair and disinsection. The premises shall be heated and have supply-and-exhaust ventilation. The premises for the decontamination of sacks are isolated from the premises where the treatment of the sacks prior to disinfection is carried out.
468. The roll-grooving workshop shall be located in an isolated room situated, as a rule, on the same floor as the roller mills. The movement of the rolls to the roll-grooving machine and the roller mills shall be mechanised.
469. The places intended for the storage of antibiotics, trace elements, vitamins and enzymes, the premises for the preparation of suspensions, as well as for the dressing of maize seeds and for the chemicals for seed dressing, are isolated from the main production premises. The premises where suspensions and enrichment mixtures are prepared shall be isolated from the other premises and have supply-and-exhaust ventilation, and the walls shall be lined with glazed tiles. These premises shall be locked during non-working hours.
470. The guards located inside the production buildings, platforms, mezzanines and pits on which technological equipment is placed shall be provided as steel lattice guards 1 m high, and the guards shall be solid to a height of no less than 0.15 m from the floor. Along the perimeter of the outer walls of working and other buildings and structures with a height to the top of the cornice or parapet of more than 10 m, lattice guards no less than 0.6 m high made of non-combustible materials shall be provided on the roof, and if equipment requiring maintenance is installed on the roof, the height of the guards shall be no less than 1 m.
471. Windows located at a height of less than 1 m from the floor shall have guards over their entire width. The height of the guard from the floor is 1 m.
472. The height of storage premises with flat floors shall ensure the unimpeded movement of mobile transport machines and shall be no less than 2.6 m from the underside of the projecting structural elements of the building or of the upper stationary transport and other installations.
473. The floors of storage premises shall be free from potholes and shall have a hard, level covering resistant to destruction.
474. The internal surfaces of the walls of grain warehouses shall be smooth (free from projections, recesses, horizontal ribs and ledges) and accessible for their cleaning.
475. In mechanised grain warehouses with flat floors, including those equipped with air-slides, vertical columns protecting workers from being drawn into the hopper shall be installed above the discharge openings onto the conveyor, at their centre. A vertical column shall have a height of 5500 mm, an external diameter of 394 mm and a spacing between the rings of 165 mm. Two stops are welded to the discharge hopper in place. Two step-ladders 690 mm high, which are a continuation of the column, are welded to the support frame and the stops. The support frame is welded to the flanges of the discharge hopper. The installation of columns without step-ladders shall be prohibited.
476. For warehouses with a non-passage gallery, pyramidal gratings may be installed. Pyramidal gratings shall have dimensions of 1.2 x 1.2 m at the base and 0.4 x 0.4 m at the apex. Their height shall be 0.5 m higher than the maximum height of the grain heap. The distance between the transverse bars shall be no more than 0.25 m. The axis of a pyramidal grating shall strictly coincide with the centre of the discharge opening. Pyramidal gratings shall be attached to the floor.
477. The operation of mechanised grain warehouses without vertical columns or pyramidal gratings shall be prohibited.
478. During the floor storage of compound feed, bran, husk, feed flour, extraction meal and oilcake in mechanised warehouses with flat floors and a lower (passage or non-passage) gallery, the gravity discharge of products onto the lower conveyor shall be excluded. When loading the warehouse, no less than one discharge device and a free area for placing mobile mechanisation equipment shall be left free. The other hatches or discharge devices located beneath the heap shall be closed with solid covers.
479. The movement of the heap of products towards the discharge device shall be carried out by means of mobile mechanisation equipment, from the area of the warehouse free of products to the nearest free discharge device.
480. Access of workers onto the heap of products shall be prohibited. As the warehouse is emptied, the covers are removed from the subsequent discharge openings.
481. The passage galleries of warehouses with flat floors shall be equipped with forced or natural exhaust ventilation.
482. Each mechanised warehouse with gravity discharge of grain shall have no less than two "Stop" buttons outside the warehouse, with buttons on each of its sides for the emergency stopping of the conveyor of the lower gallery. There shall be free access to the emergency "Stop" buttons. The "Start" and "Stop" buttons shall also be located at the electric motor of the conveyor.
483. Silos and bins for grain, its processing products and compound feed raw materials, regardless of their location, shall be closed with a solid covering, with the provision in them of tightly closing loading and access manholes with safety gratings that are locked.
484. Receiving bins shall have stationary gratings to prevent people from falling into the bins, with access manholes that are locked.
485. The hatches of silos and bins in the floor slabs of production premises shall be closed with covers flush with the floor.
486. The access and loading hatches of silos, bins and other devices, regardless of their location, in addition to covers, shall have strong metal gratings with cells no larger than 250 x 75 mm. Recessing of the hatch gratings by more than 60 mm from the floor surface of the premises shall be justified.
487. All hatch gratings shall be fastened on hinges or bolts and shall have devices for locking.
488. Access manholes shall be of rectangular cross-section with dimensions of no less than 500 x 600 mm.
489. The internal surfaces of the walls of silos and bins and their bottoms shall be smooth (free from projections, ribs, bands, recesses and roughness), ensuring the complete discharge of the product from them. The finish of the internal surfaces of the silos shall not impede the outflow of the bulk material. For the finishing of the internal surfaces of the silos, as well as the discharge hoppers, coatings made of polymer materials shall be used.
490. Silos and bins for storing grain, flour, bran, compound feed, husk and other bulk products shall be equipped with devices ensuring the complete outflow of the product.
491. Where there are passages between the built-in bins for bulk storage and the walls of the building, their width shall be no less than 0.7 m.
492. In silo storage facilities, monitoring of the filling level and the possibility of the mechanised pumping of raw materials and finished products from one silo to another shall be provided.
493. During the technical re-equipment and reconstruction of facilities, premises of categories A and B shall be removed from the basement and ground floors if, during their operation, it is impossible to fulfil the requirements provided for in paragraph 82 of these Rules.
494. The arrangement of the basement floors of buildings and of underground galleries (tunnels) shall exclude the penetration of groundwater into them.
495. Production premises located in semi-basement floors and underground transport tunnels shall be provided with ventilation and shall have no less than two entrances-exits located at the beginning and the end of the premises or tunnel. Short tunnels (15 - 20 m long) may have one entrance-exit. Where the length of a tunnel exceeds 120 m, intermediate exits shall be provided no less frequently than every 100 m, 1.5 m high and 0.7 m wide, terminating outside the grain warehouse building in a shaft with a hatch equipped with a metal ladder or rungs for exit.
496. The dimensions of transport galleries and tunnels shall be established taking into account the overall dimensions of the equipment used. In doing so, the height of the passages shall be no less than 1.8 m.
497. Individual non-solid floors, platforms and galleries for servicing mechanisms, the upper conveyor galleries of warehouses and transfer walkways shall have a guard no less than 1 m high with solid cladding at the bottom for 0.15 m.
498. Galleries and platforms more than 20 m long and located at a height of more than 2 m from ground level or the floor of the premises shall have no less than two entrances-exits, arranged one at the beginning and the other at the end of the gallery or platform.
499. Blowers and fans in the pneumatic conveying and aspiration units of category B premises shall be installed after the dust collectors. In category B premises, the installation, upstream of the filters and cyclones, of fans the explosion protection of whose electrical and non-electrical equipment is ensured in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Equipment for Operation in Explosive Atmospheres", adopted by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 825 of 18 October 2011, may be permitted.
500. It shall not be permitted to combine into one aspiration unit: (a) the dust removal of potentially hazardous equipment and bins; (b) the dust removal of potentially hazardous equipment and other bin-type equipment (gravity mixers, weighers); (c) the dust removal of potentially hazardous equipment and silos.
501. Vessels for the collection and storage of dust shall be aspirated by a separate unit or by local (point) filters.
502. The arrangement of aspiration dust-settling shafts, chambers and ducts located after the dust-collecting units shall not be permitted.
503. The equipment of aspiration units (filters, cyclones, fans) may be located in production premises of categories B and V together with transport and technological equipment.
504. The length of the horizontal sections of the air ducts shall be minimal and justified by the design solutions.
505. The laying of transit air ducts through the premises of warehouses for raw materials and finished products, as well as through premises of different categories, shall not be permitted.
506. The placement of the fans and dust collectors of free-standing grain dryers in the working buildings of elevators shall not be permitted.
507. The joints of aspiration devices and the connection points of the inlet and outlet branch pipes to the equipment shall have sealing gaskets that exclude dusting and spillage of the product.
508. The air ducts of pneumatic conveying and aspiration units, as well as the gravity pipeline, shall not have breaches, cracks or gaps that impair their tightness.
509. Weighers shall be enclosed in a sealed casing.
510. Dust and other carry-over shall be removed from the dust collectors continuously. The discharge of aspiration carry-over from the cyclones when they are overfilled shall not be permitted.
511. Contact of the air ducts of aspiration units with the pipelines of the heating system shall not be permitted.
512. Air ducts and material pipelines shall be earthed in no less than two places. Dust collectors and blowers shall additionally be earthed separately. In the connections between the elements of the units, the use of washers under the bolts made of dielectric materials painted with non-electrically-conductive paints shall not be permitted.
513. Aspiration units and local (point) filters shall be interlocked with the technological and transport equipment. Aspiration units and local (point) filters shall be switched on 15 - 20 s in advance of the switching on of the technological and transport equipment and shall be switched off 20 - 30 s after the stopping of the technological and transport equipment.
514. The switching off of aspiration units and local (point) filters while the technological and transport equipment is operating shall be strictly prohibited.
515. Silos and bins shall be equipped with aspiration and other devices, so arranged that, when they are filled with grain, finished products or waste, the displaced dust-laden air does not enter the working premises.
516. It shall not be permitted to combine the aspiration of vessels for the collection and storage of dust and of operational vessels into one aspiration unit with technological and transport equipment. Vessels for the collection and storage of dust shall be aspirated by a separate unit (or by local (point) filters); the aspiration of operational vessels may be combined into one aspiration unit with equipment that has no rotating parts, for example, bulk chutes and swivel pipes.
517. At the facilities, there shall be data sheets for the aspiration and pneumatic conveying units.
518. In the data sheets of aspiration units in operation, the schematic diagrams of the unit and the specifications of the equipment (including all changes) are reflected, and the quantity of air to be extracted from each dedusting point, the capacity of the fan and the pressure it develops are indicated, as well as the results of periodic inspection of the unit, the faults noticed, a description of the repairs carried out, the results of testing the unit for the dust content of the air in the working area, and the results of aerodynamic measurements. In the data sheets of pneumatic conveying units in operation, the schematic diagram of the unit, the type (suction, pressure, combined), the capacity, the type of conveyed product, the flow rate and pressure of the air, the internal diameters of the product pipelines, the capacity of the fans, and the types of unloaders, rotary airlock valves and receiving devices are reflected, as well as the results of periodic inspections of the unit, the faults noticed and a description of the repairs carried out.
519. The data sheets of aspiration and pneumatic conveying units are drawn up in accordance with the internal administrative documents of the organisation operating the facility.
520. After each repair of an aspiration unit (and replacement of equipment), it shall be checked by an aspiration engineer or another person appointed by the head of the operating organisation, with the results of the check (including all deviations identified) recorded in the data sheet of the aspiration unit.
521. Aspiration and pneumatic conveying units, in terms of their purpose, design, technical characteristics, design version, maintenance and operating conditions, shall comply with the requirements of the technical regulations, the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and these Rules.
522. The calculation and development of aspiration networks are carried out in accordance with the legal acts governing the calculation and development of aspiration units.
523. The electrical equipment of aspiration and pneumatic conveying units shall comply with the technical requirements for the safety of equipment for operation in explosive atmospheres.
524. All metal air ducts and equipment of ventilation systems shall be earthed in accordance with the requirements of the legal acts on the arrangement of electrical installations.
525. The procedure for the operation, maintenance, repair, adjustment and instrumental checking of the effectiveness of the operation of aspiration and pneumatic conveying units shall be defined by the operating instructions and shall comply with the requirements of the legislation on technical regulation.
526. Supply ventilation systems for fire-and-explosion-hazardous production premises with a three-shift operating mode are combined with air heating. In the other production and auxiliary premises, water heating is provided.
527. The placement of supply units in the served premises of categories A and B is permitted only on condition that they are of explosion-proof design.
528. Supply systems of ordinary design, located in isolated premises and serving premises of categories A and B, are equipped with explosion-proof check valves installed at the points where the air ducts cross the enclosures of the premises for ventilation equipment.
529. Ventilation and air heating systems at facilities (with the exception of operating facilities built according to designs developed before the introduction of these requirements) shall be provided as common systems for category B production premises located on no more than three floors.
530. Ventilation units serving category B premises shall have remote devices for their switching off in the event of accidents and fires.
531. For heating workers in premises (cabins) located in the working buildings of elevators and in unheated warehouses, electric heating by means of permanently installed factory-made electric heaters with a capacity of up to 1 kW in a closed metal casing (without open coils or other heating elements) may be used.
532. In unheated premises of production buildings where negative pressure is created as a result of aspiration, the necessary inflow of outdoor air shall be provided.
533. Free access to the heating appliances is ensured. In premises of categories A, B and V, heating appliances with a smooth surface are used and are placed at a height ensuring the possibility of cleaning them from dust. Covering the heating appliances with foreign objects or materials shall be prohibited. The location of heating appliances in niches shall not be permitted.
534. In air heating systems of facility premises, the recirculation (return) of air from aspiration and pneumatic conveying installations into production premises may be used, provided that the returned, purified air is passed through flame-arresting devices. Air from local (point) filters shall be discharged into a safe area (outside the production premises).
535. Premises for cleaning bags shall be equipped with operating supply and exhaust ventilation for the removal of dust generated in the working areas of the premises.
536. Supply and exhaust or exhaust ventilation may be omitted for pits intended for servicing bucket elevators and chain conveyors located in category B premises.
537. Heating and ventilation systems shall, in terms of their purpose, design, technical characteristics, construction, servicing and operating conditions, comply with the requirements of the technical regulations, the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and these Rules.
538. The electrical equipment of ventilation systems shall comply with the technical safety requirements for equipment for operation in explosive atmospheres.
539. The procedure for the operation, servicing, repair, adjustment and instrumental testing of the operating efficiency of ventilation systems shall be defined by the operating instruction for industrial ventilation and shall comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation.
540. The design, type of construction, degree of enclosure protection, method of installation and insulation class of the machines, apparatus and instruments used (hand-held and portable), cables, wires and other elements of electrical installations shall correspond to the rated voltage of the network, the class of the explosion- and fire-hazardous zones, the characteristics of the surrounding environment, as well as the technical regulations and the legal acts on the design of electrical installations.
541. Devices for the entry of cables or wires into electrical machines, apparatus and instruments shall comply with the requirements of the legal acts on the design of electrical installations for explosion- and fire-hazardous zones of the given class.
542. The explosion protection of the electrical equipment used at the facility, and the types and construction of permanently installed electric motors, shall comply with the requirements of the Customs Union technical regulation "On the Safety of Equipment for Operation in Explosive Atmospheres", adopted by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 825 of 18 October 2011.
543. The use of electric heating appliances in the explosion- and fire-hazardous zones of production premises shall be prohibited, except in the cases provided for in paragraph 531 of these Rules.
544. The degree of enclosure protection of the electrical equipment of cranes, hoists, lifts and other electric lifting mechanisms located in explosion- and fire-hazardous zones shall comply with the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation and by the legal acts on the design of electrical installations.
545. Electromagnetic separators shall have reliable insulation of the live parts. The construction of the enclosures of electrical apparatus shall correspond to the category of the premises by explosion and fire hazard. The voltage of the electric field shall not exceed the value specified in the manufacturer's data sheet, and the insulation resistance of the electromagnet windings shall be not less than 0.5 MOhm.
546. An electromagnetic separator may be energised only after the insulation has been tested and the conformity of the entire electrical part with the technical regulations and legal acts on the design of electrical installations has been verified. The guarding of electromagnetic separators shall have earthing for the removal of static electricity.
547. The designs of luminaires, panels, apparatus and wiring and of all the main assemblies and parts of lighting installations shall correspond to the classes of the explosion- and fire-hazardous zones and to the categories and groups of the explosive mixtures. The designs of the elements of lighting networks shall not permit the ingress of dust.
548. The power of the lamps in luminaires shall not exceed the maximum permissible value for the adopted type of luminaire. Luminaires shall have rigid fastenings.
549. The lighting of bunkers and silos from above through hatches may be provided by portable floodlight-type luminaires with an enclosure providing protection against the ingress of dust (degree of enclosure protection not lower than IP54), or by portable battery lamps.
550. The lighting inside bunkers and silos (with the discharge outlet mechanisms and equipment switched off) may be provided by portable luminaires at a voltage of not more than 12 V (in metal and reinforced-concrete vessels) and 42 V (in wooden vessels). In this case, the portable luminaires shall be of increased reliability against explosion, and their glass covers shall be protected by a metal mesh. LED portable battery lamps may be used.
551. Luminaires on the outside of buildings in explosion-hazardous zones shall not swing under the action of the wind.
552. Luminaires in premises shall be positioned at a height of not less than 2.5 m. Luminaires located at a height of less than 2.5 m shall have protective meshes. Luminaires serviced from stepladders or leaning ladders are suspended at a height of not more than 4.5 m above floor level.
553. In galleries, tunnels and beneath and above platforms, luminaires are suspended at a height of not less than 1.7 m, provided that the fastening of the fittings does not obstruct the movement of servicing personnel in the passageways. In this case, luminaires are used in which access to the lamp and the live parts is possible only by means of an electrical repair tool.
554. The joining of wires inside brackets or tubes on which the fittings are mounted shall not be permitted. Fittings (diffusers) mounted flush with the ceiling shall be fastened to a socket made of insulating material.
555. Airlock vestibules shall be equipped with emergency lighting.
556. Switchgear (hereinafter - RU), transformer, packaged transformer and converter substations (hereinafter - TP, KTP and PP respectively) with general-purpose electrical equipment (without explosion-protection means) shall comply with the requirements of the technical regulations and the legal acts on the design of electrical installations.
557. In electrical rooms, mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation designed to remove excess heat shall be provided. In this case, the supply and exhaust ventilation of these rooms shall be independent of the rooms with explosion-hazardous zones.
558. Oil-filled and dry KTP, as well as KTP with a non-combustible liquid, may be placed in a common room with the RU, without separating the transformers by partitions.
559. The routing of pipelines carrying fire- and explosion-hazardous substances (mixtures) through the RU, TP and PP shall not be permitted.
560. The entries of cables and wiring tubes into premises of classes V-Ia, V-Ib and V-IIa and into the fire-hazardous zones of the RU and TP from explosion-hazardous zones of all classes shall be tightly sealed with non-combustible materials.
561. Cable ducts and floors in the premises of the RU, TP and KTP shall be non-combustible and shall be covered flush with the finished floor with non-combustible slabs.
562. In the premises of control-room switchboards, the floors are covered with linoleum or parquet, and the ducts and the decking of the false floor are covered with removable wooden panels lined on the cable side with sheet iron.
563. The provision of thresholds in the doorways of the RU, TP, KTP, control rooms and the vestibules adjoining them shall not be permitted.
564. Where there is a window above the door or the exhaust ventilation opening of TP and KTP premises with oil-filled transformers, a non-combustible canopy with a projection of 70 cm is installed beneath it across the entire width of the door or the exhaust ventilation opening.
565. Premises for storage batteries are placed in buildings of not lower than the 2nd fire-resistance rating. The selection, installation and assembly of the electrical installations of the charging premises of charging stations are carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation and by the legal acts on the design of electrical installations.
566. Traction and starter storage batteries are charged in the premises of charging stations intended for this purpose or in places of the workshop allocated for this purpose. Acid and alkaline storage batteries shall be placed in separate premises.
567. Where the number of floor-based machines equipped with traction storage batteries is up to six, they are charged either in separate premises with natural ventilation or in common non-explosion-and-fire-hazardous production premises, provided that not more than two machines or batteries are installed in one place and that the batteries are charged under local exhaust devices. Where these requirements are met, the explosion- and fire-hazard class of the zone does not change.
568. The supply and exhaust ventilation of battery premises shall be switched on before the charging devices are switched on and shall be switched off not earlier than 1.5 h after the end of charging.
569. The control and automation circuit for charging a storage battery shall be provided with an interlock to switch off the charging current in the event of a complete stoppage of the ventilation. The cessation of the ventilation shall be accompanied by a signal indicating that it has switched off.
570. Hand-held and portable apparatus and instruments used in explosion- and fire-hazardous zones shall have enclosures providing protection against the ingress of dust (degree of enclosure protection not lower than IP54).
571. The construction of mobile installations and of mobile electrical machines, apparatus and instruments forming part of mobile installations shall comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation and of the legal acts on the design of electrical installations that are established for stationary electrical machines, apparatus and instruments.
572. Electrical knife switches shall have closed casings.
573. The neutralisation of portable receivers is carried out by means of a specially designated flexible conductor located in a common sheath with the working conductors and connected to the neutralisation network at the supply end of the conductor. The use for this purpose of an earthed neutral conductor directly at the power receivers shall be prohibited.
574. Plug-and-socket connections intended for the connection of power tools and portable luminaires shall have protected live parts and, for a voltage of 127 and 220 V, shall have a neutralising contact.
575. Plug-and-socket connections (plugs, sockets) used for a voltage of up to 42 V shall, in their design, differ from ordinary plug-and-socket connections intended for a voltage of 127 and 220 V, and shall preclude the possibility of inserting plugs used for a voltage of up to 42 V into socket outlets for a voltage of 127 and 220 V.
576. Plug-and-socket connections for a voltage of up to 42 V shall have a colour different from that of plug-and-socket connections used for a voltage of 127 and 220 V.
577. Plug-and-socket connections at a voltage above 42 V shall have contacts for the forced and leading connection of the wire that neutralises the casing.
578. The use of autotransformers and series resistances to obtain a safe voltage shall be prohibited.
579. When operating electrical installations, it shall be necessary to: (a) not permit the presence of combustible substances and materials, or of refuse, dust and production waste, near electric motors, switchgear, control apparatus and instruments; (b) strictly observe the adopted sequence for receiving and giving signals when starting and stopping electric motors; (c) when replacing lighting fittings, relocating them or installing new luminaires, ensure that the wires at the point of entry into the luminaires are not subjected to abrasion or tension and have their own insulation; (d) ensure that the electrical installations comply with the requirements of the legal acts on the design of electrical installations.
580. Electric motors, switchgear, conductors and luminaires shall be cleaned of dust in accordance with the approved dust-cleaning schedule for the premises in which they are located.
581. The use of cables and wires with damaged insulation that has lost its protective electrical-insulating properties, as well as of damaged sockets and junction boxes, shall be prohibited.
582. In the event of a sudden interruption of the electricity supply, all disconnecting devices shall be switched off immediately.
583. Flexible hose cables are used to supply mobile and portable power receivers. Systematic monitoring of the condition of the sheath of the hose cable shall be carried out and, if damage to the insulation is detected, the mechanism shall be switched off immediately to replace the cable.
584. To prevent short circuits when a self-propelled transport machine runs over a hose cable, the cable shall be suspended at a safe height or shall be protected by a trunking.
585. The connection and disconnection of plugs shall be carried out with the knife switch (circuit breaker) of the distribution box switched off.
586. The use of electrical installations with a voltage of more than 42 V inside bunkers, silos, other vessels and dryers shall be prohibited.
587. Electric welding installations shall be earthed by means of flexible copper wires fitted with clamps that provide a reliable contact. Electric welding installations are fitted with no-load voltage limiters.
588. Wires running to hand-held power tools or portable lamps are, where possible, suspended. Direct contact of the wires with metal objects having hot, wet or oil-covered surfaces shall be precluded.
589. Portable power tools, lamps and transformers shall be checked, not less than once a month, on a test bench or with an instrument, for the serviceability of their earthing wires and for the absence of a short circuit between the wires.
590. Hand tools used for electrical installation work (screwdrivers, pliers, cutting pliers) shall be provided with insulating handles.
591. When operating electrical installations, it shall not be permitted to: (a) repair and clean electrical equipment and networks that are live; (b) put into operation electrical installations when there are faults in the earthing (neutralisation), when there is a fault in the interlocking of apparatus covers and in the machine-start interlocking, or when the explosion-protection devices are impaired (damaged); (c) open the enclosures of electrical equipment if the live parts thereby remain energised; (d) switch on electrical installations that have automatically switched off during a short circuit or for other reasons, without ascertaining and eliminating the causes of the disconnection; (e) keep unused electrical networks energised (even temporarily), or leave electrical wires and cables with uninsulated ends energised; (f) switch on electrical installations without ensuring their protection against mechanical damage; (g) overload cables, wires and electrical installations beyond their rated parameters; (h) connect to transformers supplying intrinsically safe instruments any other circuits and instruments that are not part of the set of intrinsically safe instruments; (i) replace burnt-out electric lamps in luminaires mounted in explosion- and fire-hazardous zones with lamps of other types and power that are not suitable for operation in zones of the given class; (j) remove the glass covers and reflectors of luminaires that are live. Replace the explosion-protected fittings of luminaires with fittings of a different construction; (k) replace the protection (thermal elements, fuses, releases) of electrical equipment with other types of protection, or with the same types but with rated parameters for which the electrical equipment was not designed.
592. Faults in electrical networks and electrical apparatus that may cause sparking, a short circuit or excessive heating of the insulation of cables and wires shall be eliminated without delay by the duty personnel. A faulty electrical network shall be switched off immediately.
593. Only persons trained in safe working methods and provided with serviceable personal protective equipment are admitted to work at the facility. The presence of personnel in the zone of the possible ejection (venting) of flame and high-temperature products of the explosive combustion of a dust-air mixture upon the actuation of the explosion-relief devices shall not be permitted.
594. During the technical re-equipment of operating facilities, the separation of the section undergoing technical re-equipment from the operating workshops, warehouses and other production premises by means of non-combustible screens or partitions is mandatory.
595. Before the commencement of work on the territory of the organisation operating the facilities, the customer and the general contractor, with the participation of the subcontracting organisations, shall draw up an admission certificate. Responsibility for the performance (observance) of the actions provided for by the admission certificate rests with the managers of the construction and assembly organisation and with the customer.
596. When carrying out hot work during routine and major repairs, technical re-equipment and other work at the facilities of operating organisations, performed by their own workers and by workers of outside organisations, the requirements established by the regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial safety and by these Rules shall be followed.
597. When carrying out assembly work inside silos, tanks and wells, the safety measures specified in these Rules shall be observed.
598. During the repair, dismantling and assembly of equipment in the premises of the facility in which equipment is operating, the admission of open flame and the use of mechanisms and devices that may cause spark formation shall be prohibited. The thawing of assemblies and parts of equipment and devices may be carried out only with steam or hot water. Used oil-soaked wiping materials (rags, cloths) shall be collected in steel tightly closing containers and removed from the premises.
599. Workers admitted to work with powder-actuated fastening tools undergo training. When working with powder-actuated fastening tools, all safety rules and requirements shall be complied with. The storage and issue for work of powder-actuated fastening tools are carried out in accordance with the procedure established in the organisation.
600. The descent of workers into silos and bunkers is classified as work of increased hazard and is carried out in exceptional cases where there is a justified production need (scheduled cleaning after the emptying of silos or bunkers of the residues of raw materials from previous storage, the servicing (repair) of the internal surfaces of silos and bunkers). The descent is carried out subject to the provision of the safety measures laid down by the regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial safety, by these Rules and by the regulatory legal acts containing labour protection requirements for work at height.
601. The descent is carried out in the presence of the responsible person in charge of the work and where there is a permit to work for the performance of work of increased hazard, signed by the head of the subdivision where the work is performed and approved by the official of the operating organisation responsible for industrial safety (the technical manager, the chief engineer).
602. The descent of people into silos and bunkers to check the temperature of the grain stored in the silos and bunkers, of the products of its processing and of the compound-feed raw materials, as well as to remove obstructions to the discharge (outflow) of the stored products from bunkers and silos that have arisen during the performance of technological operations (including by breaking up and (or) removing, with the use of trenching tools, the hung-up masses of the stored product from the walls of the arches), irrespective of the technological operation being performed (shipment, movement or other technological operations), except in the cases specified in paragraph 600 of these Rules, shall be prohibited.
603. The descent of workers into silos and bunkers (for the storage of grain, flour, bran, compound feed and other products) shall be carried out only by means of devices intended for work at height. The descent of people into silos and bunkers by means of folding rope ladders shall be prohibited.
604. Only persons trained in safe methods and techniques for performing work at height and provided with personal (collective) protective equipment are admitted to the descent into a silo or bunker and to the servicing of the devices used at the facility for the descent of people into a silo. The person directly descending into the silo shall not have any medical contraindications that, on health grounds, prohibit work at height and descent into a silo; in addition, the written consent of the person who has been asked to descend shall be obtained. The descent of people into silos and bunkers without their written consent shall be prohibited.
605. The responsible person in charge of the work shall, before the start of the descent into the silo, instruct at the workplace all the workers taking part in the descent.
606. While a person is inside the silo, it shall be prohibited for the persons taking part in the descent to move away from the silo.
607. Before the descent into a silo or bunker, their ventilation shall be ensured, after which an analysis of the air taken from the silo shall be carried out, with a gas analyser or indicator paper, for the presence of carbon dioxide and of the gas previously used for the disinsection (fumigation) of the grain store. Where the concentrations of the gases exceed the maximum permissible level, or where a gas analyser or indicator paper is not available, the descent without isolating respiratory protective equipment shall be prohibited.
608. Where the hose is 12 m or more in length, the air supply is provided by means of a blower driven by an electric motor. Before the mask is put on, the hose of the respirator is cleaned of dust by blowing it through with the blower, and the inner part of the face mask is wiped with cotton wool moistened with denatured alcohol.
609. Isolating respiratory protective equipment shall also be used when carrying out work in especially dusty conditions, including when sweeping down the walls of silos and bunkers.
610. While a worker is inside a silo or bunker, the accidental admission and discharge of grain and other products shall be precluded. A sign reading "Do not open, people are working in the silo" is posted on the inlet and outlet devices.
611. The responsible person in charge of the work shall personally check the condition of the devices used for the descent of people into silos, of the fall-arrest harness and of the personal (collective) protective equipment ensuring the safety of work at height, and shall also monitor the observance by each individual worker of all the safety measures during the preparation for the descent, during the descent and during the performance of work in the silo.
612. When descending into silos and bunkers and when accessing silos and bunkers through the lower hatch, workers shall put on head personal protective equipment. Cleaning a silo by the "undermining" method shall be prohibited.
613. Silos and bunkers are lit from above through hatches, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 550 of these Rules.
614. Devices used for the descent of people into silos shall meet the requirements established by the regulatory legal acts containing labour protection requirements for work at height. Personal fall-protection equipment shall meet the requirements established by the Customs Union technical regulation "On the Safety of Personal Protective Equipment", approved by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 878 of 9 December 2011, official website of the Customs Union Commission http://www.tsouz.ru/, 15 December 2011; which is binding on the Russian Federation in accordance with the Treaty of 29 May 2014, ratified by Federal Law No. 279-FZ of 3 October 2014 "On the Ratification of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2014, No. 40, Article 5310).
615. During operation, the systems for ensuring the safety of work at height used at facilities for the descent of people into silos shall undergo serviceability checks in accordance with the operating documentation.
616. The descent of a worker into silos and bunkers shall be carried out without jerks, in a saddle or cradle, with the worker being lowered fastened by a belt on both buckles to the rod of the saddle, and also with the fall-arrest harness attached to the belt, and with an isolating breathing apparatus put on.
617. The safety rope and the hose of the isolating breathing apparatus shall be paid out as the worker descends, the second end of the fall-arrest harness being secured to prevent it from accidentally slipping out of the hands of the worker paying out this harness. The paying-out of the fall-arrest harness shall be carried out over a fixed support.
618. The worker descending into the silo shall be prohibited from removing personal (collective) protective equipment, unfastening the fall-arrest harness from the belt or leaving the saddle.
619. The access of workers into silos and bunkers through the lower hatch is carried out only where there is a permit to work and the authorisation of the responsible person in charge of the work and under his supervision.
620. Before admission into a silo or bunker through the hatches in the bottom and through the lower side hatches, they shall be inspected from above to check for the absence of arches or hung-up masses of products on the walls; where such are present, the worker may be admitted into the silo only after the product has been removed from the walls of that silo.
621. When breaking up arches and hung-up masses of grain or other products, the presence of people beneath the silo or bunker shall not be permitted. The person working in the silo shall be in a saddle or cradle above the arch or above the level of the hung-up product.
622. The presence, in the area of the manholes and loading hatches, of people not taking part in the breaking up of arches or hung-up masses shall not be permitted.
623. When breaking up arches and hung-up masses of grain or other products, the manholes and loading hatches of the silos and bunkers shall be open.
624. Access into silos and bunkers through the lower hatch is carried out subject to compliance with the requirements established in paragraph 607 of these Rules, and with the upper manhole closed by a silo cover to prevent any object from accidentally falling from above.
625. Walking on the heap of grain or other stored products shall be prohibited.
626. Railway tracks on the territory of the organisation operating the facilities shall be positioned in relation to the structures in accordance with the requirements of the clearance gauge and shall be kept in serviceable condition.
627. Where there are exits from production or auxiliary premises onto railway tracks located closer than 6 m from the building, an alarm system warning the people leaving the building of the passage of a railway train is installed at the exit from the buildings, except for the warehouse gates. At the point of exit from the building, railings enclosing the railway tracks shall be installed.
628. Warning signs shall be installed and posters prohibiting the crossing of the tracks at an unauthorised place shall be posted on the railway tracks. The places where cargo and shunting operations are carried out shall have artificial lighting.
629. Where manual wagon rolling is used on the tracks, there shall be, along the entire length of the tracks, decking across the full width of the sleepers to ensure safe movement. The decking shall be above the level of the rail head.
630. Wagons placed for standing and for loading and unloading operations shall be secured with brake shoes.
631. The loading and unloading of a wagon is carried out only after it has been placed at the loading-unloading point and secured (fixed) on the railway tracks with brake shoes; the use for these purposes, and the placing under the wheels of wagons, of extraneous objects (boards, crowbars, stones) shall be prohibited.
632. When unloading wagons containing meal, the performance of the work shall be coordinated with the laboratory. Where the petrol content in the meal is elevated, exceeding 0.1 per cent, the management of the operating organisation shall be notified immediately, and the doors and hatches of the wagons shall be opened to ventilate it. Unloading shall be carried out only after the petrol concentration has been reduced to below 0.1 per cent.
633. When unloading a grain-hopper wagon, two loading hatches shall be opened to prevent the formation of a vacuum in the wagon.
634. Product that has hung up in the wagon shall be removed with vibrators or with long-handled shovels.
635. The access of workers into the inside of grain-hopper wagons when there is product in them shall not be permitted.
636. When loading a wagon through the hatches in the roof, movement from the auxiliary platform onto the roof of the railway wagon and back may take place only by means of a serviceable folding gangway with railings. In winter, the folding gangway shall be cleared of snow and ice.
637. Crossing from the roof of one wagon to another shall be prohibited. Movement along the roof of a wagon is carried out only by means of a gangway.
638. Carrying out work on the roof of a wagon without enclosing railings or without the attachment of the workers' safety belt to a cable suspension shall not be permitted.
639. The use of various extension pieces to fix the cover of the loading hatch shall be prohibited.
640. The use of levers to turn handwheels shall not be permitted.
641. Telescopic pipes shall be lowered without impacts against the surface of the hatches. While the telescopic pipes are being raised, being on the roof of the wagon shall not be permitted.
642. When loading a wagon through one loading hatch, the cover of the other hatch shall be opened to release the excess air from the wagon.
643. The inspection of empty grain-hopper wagons shall be carried out by lighting them through the loading hatches with battery lamps. The inspection shall be carried out by a work team of not fewer than two persons. Descending into the inside of the wagon for this purpose shall not be permitted.
644. Only persons trained in safe working methods and provided with personal protective equipment are admitted to the loading and unloading work with grain and other bulk products on railway transport.
645. The technical condition of vehicles and trailers shall ensure their safe operation on the line and shall comply with the rules of technical operation.
646. The intervals when positioning vehicles in the unloading and loading area shall be as follows: between vehicles standing one behind another - in depth - not less than 1 m; between vehicles standing side by side - along the front - not less than 1.5 m.
647. The organisation of the movement of road transport on the territory of the operating organisation and on the approaches to grain stores, finished-product warehouses and other buildings shall comply with the requirements of these Rules. The movement of vehicles shall be through-flow; if, owing to production conditions, through-flow movement cannot be organised, then the delivery of vehicles for unloading or loading shall be carried out in reverse, in such a way that the vehicle can drive out freely, without manoeuvring.
648. Combustible liquids may be transported only in road tankers or metal barrels; the transport of combustible liquids, even in small quantities, in other vessels (bottles, cans, buckets) shall not be permitted. When transporting combustible liquids in barrels, beams shall be laid between them, and the outermost rows of barrels shall be propped with wooden wedges. The bungs of the barrels shall be positioned on top.
649. The presence of persons in the load body of the vehicle when transporting barrels shall not be permitted.
650. At points where roads and footpaths cross railway tracks, continuous decking laid level with the rail head shall be provided.
651. Covered passages of weighbridges and receiving devices shall be 3.5 m wide and not more than 4 m high. At the exit gates of weighbridges, guide posts shall be installed at a distance of 1 m from the gates.
652. Only persons trained in safe working methods and provided with personal protective equipment may be engaged in loading and unloading operations on road transport.
653. The loading and unloading of bulk cargoes from vessels and barges shall be carried out by mechanised or pneumatic means.
654. During loading and unloading operations, the vessel or barge shall be moored at the cargo berth to prevent movement caused by wind, current and wave action.
655. Before the start of unloading and the admission of persons into the holds, the hatch covers shall be opened to ventilate the space above the grain and to remove any gases that may have accumulated during the transport of the grain.
656. The descent of workers into the hold of a vessel or barge shall be carried out only by a gangway or ladder. Gangways shall be installed across the full width of the span and secured.
657. Before starting up the pneumatic installation, the serviceability of the suspended grain pipes, winches and booms intended for moving the grain pipes in a horizontal and vertical position, of their suspensions and fastenings, and the reliability of the fastening of the nozzles to the grain pipe shall be checked. The grain pipes are assembled and lowered into the hold by lifting devices. The raising and lowering of the boom with the suspended grain pipe shall be carried out so that one boom does not touch another. Before starting the winch and raising the boom, it shall be ensured that the boom and the suspended grain pipe hang freely and do not catch with their protruding parts on the side of the hatch of the vessel (barge).
658. Pneumatic installations and cyclones are serviced from platforms enclosed by railings not less than 1 m high.
659. When loading with a grain thrower, the hopper of the latter is secured with three hemp ropes to the structure of the vessel (barge) to prevent spontaneous rotation on the suspension.
660. Movement over the surface of the grain in the hold of a vessel, in a warehouse or in a stack, where sampling is required, is carried out on wooden walkways. The walkway shall be not less than 0.4 m wide and not more than 2.5 m long, with cross slats spaced not more than every 0.3 m, and with a total mass of not more than 30 kg. Not less than two persons shall take part in the work of sampling grain from a hold, warehouse or stack.
661. The loading and unloading of packed sacks from vessels and barges shall be carried out using stationary and mobile hoists and conveyors, sack-loading machines and other means of mechanisation. Sack packages shall be strapped.
662. Before the start of work on unloading packaged cargoes from vessels and barges, all hold hatches shall be fenced with fixed railings.
663. During loading and unloading operations, it shall not be permitted to: feed cargo into the hold without warning; be under a raised load; leave a load in a suspended state or unsecured if it may shift when the vessel (barge) heels.
664. The holds of vessels and barges shall be illuminated with floodlights during unloading and loading. The use of portable luminaires of explosion-proof design at a voltage not exceeding 12 V may be permitted.
665. Only persons trained in safe working methods and provided with personal protective equipment may be engaged in the loading and unloading of floating craft.
666. The use of a defective tool or a tool not suited to the work being performed shall not be permitted.
667. Impact tools (hammers, sledgehammers) shall have a slightly convex smooth surface, not skewed and not battered, without cracks on the striking face.
668. Fitter's chisels, cape chisels and punches shall not have damage to their working ends (dents, chips), nor cracks, burrs or chips on the head part. When working with chisels and other hand tools for cutting metal, workers shall be provided with safety goggles with shatterproof lenses.
669. When pressing in and pressing out parts (bearings, bushings) with a sledgehammer and a drift, the latter shall be held with tongs or a gripper. The drift shall be made of soft metal.
670. Files, hacksaws, chisels, mortise chisels and other hand tools shall be fixed in a wooden handle fitted with a steel ring.
671. Drills, countersinks, reamers, taps and other insert tools shall be properly sharpened and free of cracks, dents, burrs and other defects. The shanks of the tools shall be fitted, correctly centred and free of irregularities, chips, cracks and other damage.
672. Spanners shall not have cracks or nicks; the jaws of the spanners shall be strictly parallel and not rolled over. Adjustable spanners shall not be loose in their moving parts. The removal of spanners by means of pipes and other objects, the tightening of a nut with an oversized spanner, and the use of shims between the jaws of the spanner and the faces of the nuts shall not be permitted.
673. A defective tool is withdrawn from use for repair. Control over the serviceability of tools in use is carried out by the foreman of the repair shop or a person appointed by the chief engineer.
674. Pneumatic impact tools (pneumatic hammers, chisels) shall be adjusted and provided with a device preventing the striker from flying out.
675. The valves of pneumatic tools shall be tightly fitted and shall not leak air in the closed position. The valves shall open easily and close quickly when pressure on the control handle is released.
676. The fastening of hoses to the tool and to the pipeline shall be carried out in a manner that prevents the hose from being blown off by air pressure.
677. Pneumatic tools shall have a data sheet and shall be tested and inspected monthly by qualified personnel, with the results of the inspection recorded in a logbook. A defective tool shall be immediately disconnected from the air-line network and withdrawn from use for repair.
678. Responsibility for the development and implementation of measures to ensure safety during hot work in the operating organisation is assigned to the person appointed as responsible for fire safety in accordance with the procedure established by the Fire Prevention Regime Rules in the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of 16 September 2020.
679. Hot work, as well as operations involving heating to a temperature capable of causing the ignition of a dust-air mixture, finished products, raw materials, materials, structures and deposits of industrial dust, are carried out where a permit to work is available, drawn up in accordance with the procedure established by the Fire Prevention Regime Rules in the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of 16 September 2020.
680. Hot work associated with the containment and elimination of the consequences of an accident at facilities may be carried out only under the direct supervision of the person who issued the permit to work, with mandatory written notification of the official of the operating organisation responsible for industrial safety.
681. Hot work at operating production facilities is carried out in compliance with safety measures and only in cases where it cannot be avoided or carried out in places set aside for this purpose. The organisation and conduct of hot work shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Fire Prevention Regime Rules in the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of 16 September 2020.
682. The preparation of premises and the workplace for hot work includes: the identification of hazardous zones, marked with warning inscriptions and signs; the cleaning of dust and other fire-hazardous products from the apparatus, machines, pipelines, bucket elevators, cyclones, filters and metal containers on which hot work is to be carried out; the cleaning of premises and structural elements of the building of combustible products and dust, especially in the zone where hot work is carried out; the shutting-off of air ducts and product ducts connecting the place of hot work with other equipment by means of gate valves, flame arresters, blanks and wet sacking; the closing of all inspection and base openings and hatches, as well as unsealed openings in the walls and floors in the premises where hot work is carried out; the stopping of all facility equipment, the disconnection and de-energising of starting apparatus, machines and mechanisms, with the posting of warning inscriptions and notices cautioning against the possibility of their start-up; the covering with wet sacks of the floor and combustible structures within a radius of not less than 10 m from the place of hot work; measures to prevent the scattering of sparks beyond the area covered with wet sacks, especially into the openings of inter-floor ceilings and the intake openings of machines and aspiration networks, using metal screens and other devices; the provision of the places of hot work with the necessary fire-extinguishing means; ensuring the serviceable condition of doors and windows in the premises where hot work is performed; the inadmissibility of the presence of operating personnel not involved in hot work in the premises where this work is performed.
683. During hot work the following shall be prohibited: the opening of hatches and covers, blows to metal bunkers, dust collectors, air ducts and product ducts, and various equipment; the cleaning of premises, as well as other operations that may lead to fires and explosions because of the dustiness of the places of hot work; the laying of electrical wires at a distance of less than 0.5 m from hot pipelines and oxygen cylinders and less than 1.0 m from cylinders with combustible gases; the dropping onto the floor (ground) of equipment, structures and their parts dismantled by means of electric or gas cutting operations (their smooth lowering shall be provided for); the use, as a return conductor, of the earthing or neutral-bonding network of metal structures of buildings, communications and process equipment.
684. The installation and permanent presence of welding equipment in production premises shall not be permitted. Welding equipment shall be stored in separate premises set aside for this purpose and shall be issued with the permission of the chief engineer (or the person acting in his place) during hot work.
685. The dismantling of metal bunkers (chambers), bucket elevators, dust collectors and other process, transport and aspiration equipment with the use of electric or gas cutting, and all welding work performed directly in production premises, are classified as work of increased hazard.
686. When conducting the technological processes of storing plant raw materials, products of their processing and compound-feed raw materials in silos, bunkers and warehouses, deviations from the technological regulations (including exceeding the established storage periods, temperature, moisture content, impurity content, pest infestation and oil content), poor-quality cleaning of silos and bunkers of raw materials from the previous storage period, and the joint storage of dissimilar raw materials, which may initiate seats of self-heating and subsequent spontaneous combustion, shall not be permitted. In doing so, organisational and technical measures are provided for to ensure the detection of seats of self-heating of plant raw materials, products of their processing and compound-feed raw materials at the early stages of the process.
687. Before the start of grain acceptance, all receiving lines of the elevator shall be brought into serviceable condition and prepared for operation. The receiving bunkers are inspected, cleaned, disinfected, provided with appropriate covers, gratings and locks, and equipped with the necessary devices and inventory for the rapid and safe unloading of grain.
688. The readiness of the organisation (facilities) for work on the acceptance and placement of freshly harvested (new-crop) grain is documented by an internal act of the operating organisation.
689. Silos, bunkers and warehouses used as accumulation containers during the acceptance and formation of batches of freshly harvested grain shall ensure the unloading and supply of grain for processing and shall be equipped with means of remote monitoring of the temperature of the grain stored in them.
690. Freshly harvested grain, before being sent for storage, is subjected to preliminary cleaning of weed and grain impurities. Priority cleaning upon acceptance is provided for grain having a contamination level above the limiting conditions, subject to self-heating, infested with pests of grain stocks, and also grain contaminated with impurities that impart to it an uncharacteristic odour (in particular, wormwood, garlic, sweet clover and coriander).
691. Freshly harvested damp and wet grain, before drying, is placed in grain stores or on sites equipped with means of active ventilation.
692. Before being filled into silos and bunkers for storage, the product shall be dried to the required moisture content, and the containers shall be cleaned, ventilated and dried.
693. The moisture level when storing grain for up to a year shall not exceed: for wheat, rye, barley, rice grain and buckwheat - 14.5 per cent; for maize in grain, millet, sorghum and oats - 13.5 per cent; for sunflower seeds and rapeseed - 7 per cent; for peas, beans, lentils and fodder lupin beans - 16 per cent; for soya - 12 per cent; for long-term storage (more than a year): for wheat, rye, barley, oats and buckwheat - 13 per cent, for maize and millet - 12 per cent, for rice grain - 14 per cent, for peas - 15 per cent).
694. Dried grain, before being placed into storage, is passed through air-sieve machines regardless of its degree of contamination.
695. In the outer silos of the prefabricated blocks of elevators, provision shall be made for the placement of freshly harvested batches before their processing, as well as of batches intended for priority shipment; the long-term storage of processed grain is carried out in the inner silos of the elevator.
696. The joint storage of different products in the same silo or bunker shall be prohibited.
697. To eliminate the causes leading to spontaneous combustion, as well as to detect in good time the seats of self-heating of grain, from the day the grain arrives at the facility and throughout the entire period of its storage, the following are carried out: monitoring of the temperature of the product in the silos (bunkers, warehouses); monitoring of the moisture content of the product in the silos (bunkers, warehouses); monitoring of the gas environment in the free volumes of the silos (bunkers) with portable or stationary gas analysers; ventilation and movement of the product from silo to silo (in cases of justified necessity); monitoring of the infestation of the grain by pests.
698. When infestation of the grain is detected, disinfection of the grain and the grain store is carried out to a level ensuring a state that is safe and stable for storage. Disinfection may be carried out only on condition that a set of organisational and technical measures to ensure safety during work using chemical preparations is developed and observed, in accordance with the internal regulatory documents of the operating organisation establishing the requirements for the safe conduct of work at the facilities.
699. To determine the moisture content of grain during placement and post-harvest processing, moisture meters are used.
700. The temperature of the raw material is checked at intervals determined by the operating organisation in the technological regulations for each type of raw material depending on the moisture condition, including taking into account the restrictions established by the technical regulations and standardisation documents.
701. In metal silos, the temperature of raw material in a dry state at a temperature above 10 °C is monitored once every three days, and at a raw material temperature of 10 °C and below - once every seven days.
702. The storage of sunflower seeds in the silos of elevators and in silo-type warehouses shall not be permitted. All batches of sunflower seeds shall be placed in warehouses equipped with active ventilation installations. The temporary placement of sunflower seeds with a moisture content of not more than 8 per cent in the silos of elevators and in silo-type warehouses equipped with devices for automated remote temperature monitoring may be permitted, provided that a set of organisational and technical measures to ensure the safe operation of such facilities is developed. The volume and periods of temporary placement are determined by the operating organisation in the technological regulations, the requirements for the development of which are established by paragraphs 10 - 12 of these Rules, for each batch of sunflower seeds depending on the temperature, moisture content, weed and oil impurities, and also the maximum height of the pile of sunflower seeds, taking into account the restrictions, including as regards the maximum permissible time of placement of sunflower seeds (without movement), established by the technical regulations and standardisation documents.
703. Sunflower seeds, after drying, shall be cooled to a temperature not exceeding the outdoor air temperature by more than 10 °C.
704. When the temperature of the stored plant raw material rises, indicating the possibility of the development of self-heating, measures are taken for its immediate cooling or drying, using for these purposes all available equipment for cleaning, drying and active ventilation, as well as the reduced night-time air temperatures. The cooling of the heating plant raw material is carried out until it reaches a temperature close to that of the outdoor air.
705. When self-heating is detected, the movement of the mass of heating grain is carried out in such a way that none of it remains in the healthy batch. The movement of grain into the same silo "onto itself" shall be prohibited. Grain that has undergone self-heating is removed from the containers first.
706. When the temperature of the seat of self-heating of grain exceeds 100 °C (of sunflower seeds exceeds 70 °C), the situation is considered an emergency. Production processes are stopped. Unloading is carried out in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.
707. The seat of self-heating (spontaneous combustion) in silos and bunkers is determined: on the basis of measuring the temperature in the mass of the product and processing the measurement information; by visual observation of the emergence of smoke and steam through leaks in the structure of the silo, of the change in colour of the enclosing structures, the formation of cracks in them and the charring of the paint; by the acrid, pungent and unpleasant odour of the products, characteristic of the odour of products of the dry distillation of plant raw material.
708. Devices for remote temperature monitoring, gas analysis (monitoring) and grain disinfection shall be in serviceable condition.
709. Before the start of work to eliminate the emergency associated with the self-heating of grain, products of its processing and compound-feed raw materials, the workers of the organisation shall be instructed on the situation at the sites and familiarised with the safety requirements for carrying out emergency rescue operations.
710. From the moment information about an emergency is received, on the instructions of the responsible person in charge of the work to contain and eliminate the consequences of the accident, the responsible officials of the operating organisation (the chief engineer, mechanic, technologist, power engineer or other officials whose duties include the performance of these functions) switch the electric power off or on, ensure the uninterrupted operation of communications, the serviceable condition of the water supply, and the uninterrupted operation of the necessary electromechanical equipment and mobile vehicles.
711. The elimination of an emergency arising from the appearance of seats of self-heating of grain, products of its processing and compound-feed raw materials in silos and bunkers is carried out by a combined method and includes the performance of three main operations aimed at preventing an explosion and at extinguishing during the unloading of the stored product: (a) the maximum possible sealing of the silo or bunker containing the burning stored product. Sealing is carried out to prevent the access of atmospheric oxygen into the combustion zone through the process hatches and leaks in the joints of the structural elements; (b) the inerting of the combustible dust-air mixture in the free volumes of the emergency silo or bunker and those adjacent to it, interconnected by transfer windows. The inerting of the combustible mixture in the free volumes of the silo or bunker - in the above-arch and below-arch spaces - is carried out by filling it with inert gases and reducing the volume fraction of oxygen to the optimum value of 8 per cent and below, and also with air-mechanical foam supplied into the silo or bunker from above through the loading hatch; (c) the unloading of the burning product from the silo or bunker into the sub-silo floor, with its subsequent extinguishing in the sub-silo floor and evacuation to a safe zone. In doing so, the removal of dust, the installation of discharge chutes, the increase of the relative air humidity in the zone of unloading of the burning product to 70 per cent (to prevent an explosion in the sub-silo floor), the uninterrupted supply of inerting agents, the measurement of temperature and the analysis of the gas environment in the emergency silo and in the silos and premises adjacent and neighbouring to it, as well as the conditions for the safety of people for the entire period of accident elimination, shall be ensured.
712. During the preparatory work, until the completion of the inerting of the free volumes of the silos and bunkers, the use of water and steam as means of extinguishing the seat of combustion in the silos and bunkers shall be prohibited.
713. Work to eliminate the emergency situation is carried out only after obtaining the results of the analysis of the situation and the analysis of gases in the emergency silos, bunkers and in the production premises.
714. During the period of operations to inert the free volumes of the silos and bunkers and to unload the product, when toxic smoke is being released and there is a probability of the collapse of caked product in the silos and bunkers, all workers engaged in these operations shall be provided with personal protective equipment and shall also wear isolating breathing apparatus and protective helmets.
715. During the containment and elimination of the consequences of the accident, the safety rules for work at height in isolating breathing apparatus with vessels operating under pressure shall be observed.
716. For the work to contain and eliminate the consequences of the accident, the minimum number of people necessary for this work is engaged. All those participating in the containment and elimination of the consequences of the accident shall be provided with means of communication that are in serviceable condition. In the working zones, loudspeaker communication speakers are installed.
717. Upon completion of the work, an announcement of the completion of the work to eliminate the emergency is made through the loudspeaker communication of the operating organisation.
718. The unloading of the stored product that has undergone self-heating (spontaneous combustion) is carried out after the performance of the operations to seal and inert the emergency silos and bunkers, provided that the volume fraction of combustible gases in the free volume of the burning silo or bunker and those adjacent to it does not exceed 5 per cent of the values of the lower concentration limits of flame propagation for each combustible gas and (or) at a volume fraction of oxygen equal to 8 per cent and below.
719. The unloading of the product is carried out from the emergency silo or bunker and then from the silos or bunkers neighbouring it. The unloaded plant raw material shall be removed beyond the premises (to a safe zone).
720. To prevent the access of atmospheric oxygen into the combustion zone through the process hatches and leaks in the joints of the structural elements of the silos and bunkers, the operation of the maximum possible sealing of the silo or bunker containing the burning product (plant raw material) is carried out.
721. To prevent the access of air in the event of the collapse of the product being unloaded during the unloading process, inert gases shall be supplied into the emergency silo or bunker, through the process hatches of the conical part of the silos or bunkers, using technical means at a flow rate three times greater than the flow rates for inerting.
722. In the absence of process hatches in the conical part of the silos or bunkers, openings with a diameter of not more than 50 mm are made. In doing so, the risk of the development of an emergency and of injury to personnel shall be excluded.
723. It shall be prohibited to interrupt the process of inerting the emergency silo or bunker and those adjacent to it until they are completely emptied of the product.
724. Before the start of unloading the burning product from the silo or bunker, the entire free volume of the above-arch space of the emergency silo or bunker and those adjacent to it is filled with air-mechanical (carbon-dioxide) foam supplied from above through the loading hatches. During the unloading process, as the foam breaks down, additional supply of it is carried out, filling the entire free volume.
725. It shall be prohibited to interrupt the unloading of the product and to leave silos or bunkers partially unloaded.
726. To avoid the formation of an explosive dust-air mixture and a subsequent explosion, the extinguishing of ignition with a compact directed jet of water shall be prohibited.
727. To prevent the possible formation of a dust cloud when the product emerges from the silo, in the sub-silo floor the burning product is extinguished with atomised water by means of branch pipes with nozzles.
728. When carrying out the work of unloading the emergency silos and bunkers, the safety conditions for the unloading of plant raw material shall be ensured, with monitoring of the gas-air environment in the emergency silo or bunker and those adjacent to it until they are completely emptied of the product. Unloading is carried out with the simultaneous supply of inert gases into the below-arch space and, where necessary, also into the above-arch space of the silos and bunkers.
729. It shall be strictly prohibited, during the work, to be under the open outlet openings of the silos or bunkers.
730. Where it is necessary to inspect the premises, only electric torches of explosion-proof design that meet the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on technical regulation and by the legal acts on the arrangement of electrical installations shall be used. In the evening and at night, emergency lighting is installed for buildings and premises, stair flights, the sub-silo and above-silo floors and other places where work is carried out.
731. To eliminate burn injuries, the walking of people over the piles of burning product extracted from the silos and bunkers shall be prohibited. To speed up the clearing of the piles of raw material, the organisation operating the emergency facilities shall take measures for the mechanisation and automation of this operation.
732. During the period of unloading the product from the silos and bunkers and transporting the product to a safe zone, the unloaded product and the places on the process equipment and building structures where dust may settle shall be periodically moistened.
733. In the emergency zone, evacuation routes for safe passage are indicated, providing for protection against injury from fragments of building structures.
734. The commissioning of the emergency production section (facility) is carried out only after the performance of restoration work, on the basis of a written decision of the head of the operating organisation.
735. In the event of an emergency, the actions of the head of the organisation operating the facilities, of the responsible person in charge of the work to eliminate and contain the consequences of the accident, of the heads of production units, shops, sections, shifts and laboratories, of the chief mechanic, the power engineer, the technologist and the specialised services (units), and of the head of the organisation's fire brigade shall be directed primarily at ensuring the safety of the operating personnel and their evacuation, which is taken into account when describing the actions of the workers.
736. When determining the actions of personnel upon the occurrence of characteristic signs of an accident (rumbling, vibration of building structures), depending on the actions to contain and eliminate the consequences of the accident, provision shall be made for the procedure for immediately leaving the production building by the shortest route.
737. When the ignition of compound-feed raw materials, finished products, production waste, grain or industrial dust in the bunkers and silos is detected, all equipment shall be immediately stopped and de-energised. The operating personnel shall be evacuated.
738. The personnel of the facilities shall be able to orient themselves freely in conditions of absence of lighting in relation to the evacuation routes and the exits to the stairwell and the fire escape, and, depending on the actions to contain and eliminate the consequences of the accident, shall know the location of fire-extinguishing means, fire detectors, telephones, the main communications and the locations of switches, gate valves, valves and other devices provided for by the actions for the elimination and containment of the consequences of the accident.
739. The check of the personnel's knowledge of actions in pre-emergency and emergency situations is carried out by the qualification (examination) commission of the operating organisation when admitting workers, managerial employees and specialists to independent work, during the periodic check of knowledge, and also during training alarms.
740. It shall be prohibited to carry out at emergency facilities any work not connected with the preparation and conduct of actions to contain the emergency and eliminate the consequences of the accident.
741. It shall be prohibited for people not involved in the elimination of the emergency to be in the building or in the immediate vicinity of it.
742. The presence of people engaged in the elimination of ignition on the above-silo floor shall be conditioned by technical necessity and shall be short-term.
743. The organisation and conduct of work on the maintenance and repair of process equipment are carried out taking into account the maintenance instructions of the manufacturing organisations.
744. Repair work in the premises of operating production facilities is carried out with the permission of the head or of the officials of the operating organisation responsible for industrial safety (the technical manager, the chief engineer).
745. During repair work, all necessary measures ensuring their safe performance shall be taken.
746. Only persons trained in safe working methods and provided with personal protective equipment may be admitted to perform equipment maintenance and repair work (including work at height).
747. The site of complex repair work shall be fenced off and provided with warning notices to ensure the safety of workers at adjacent areas.
748. Before the commencement of work on the repair, dismantling and installation of equipment, in each individual case the workers are given a briefing on safe methods of carrying out the work and on ensuring the safety of workers at adjacent, closely located production areas.
749. Equipment repair work is carried out only after the equipment has been fully stopped, with the voltage switched off and the drive belts removed, and after the necessary explosion and fire safety measures have been ensured.
750. During internal inspection of machines, their repair, shutdown for a prolonged period, or in the event of a machine malfunction, the machines shall be disconnected from the electrical power supply, and in the case of a transmission drive the drive belts shall be removed.
751. From the start of equipment repair until its completion, at the equipment start-up point (the starting device), in the distribution point room and at the dispatch control point, signs shall be posted bearing the warning inscription "Do not switch on, repair in progress!" ("Do not switch on - equipment faulty") and a notice "Do not switch on. People at work".
752. All materials and component products used in repair shall be subject to incoming inspection where documents confirming quality are available.
753. The repair of grain dryers, in particular furnaces, heat conditioners, grain steaming machines, steam dryers, cooking apparatus, installations for introducing fat into compound feed and other machines involving heat treatment of grain and products, is carried out only after their operation has been completely stopped and they have cooled down.
754. Provision shall be made for the dismountability of the supporting structures for equipment, as well as for gravity chutes and protective casings, ensuring that they can be removed from the production premises so that hot work can be carried out subsequently.
755. The cutting, bending and machining of pipes and other metal products are carried out away from installation scaffolds and ladders.
756. The organisation and carrying out of welding, gas-flame and other hot work is permitted subject to full compliance with safety measures. The requirements for electric welding, gas-flame and other hot work are set out in Chapter VII of these Rules.
757. When equipment is installed on inter-floor ceilings or galleries, the latter shall be checked for the load from the mass of the equipment being installed together with the product contained in it, taking into account the dynamic factor.
758. The foundation bolts of newly installed high-speed machines, as well as of all machines and equipment units suspended from ceilings, shall be secured with locknuts.
759. Above removable equipment parts with a mass of more than 50 kg, hooks shall be installed for suspending hoists and pulley blocks, and for a group of machine tools installed in one row - a monorail with a hoist.
760. When installation and dismantling work is carried out under conditions of ongoing production, the electrical networks in use and other operating engineering systems within the work zone shall be disconnected.
761. When installation work is carried out, it shall not be permitted to use equipment and pipelines, or process and building structures, for securing process and installation rigging without the agreement of the persons responsible for their operation.
762. The simultaneous dismantling or repair of structures or equipment on two or more tiers along the same vertical line shall not be permitted without appropriate protective devices (decking, nets, canopies) ensuring safe work at all levels.
763. Work at height of 1.3 m and above shall be carried out from scaffolds fenced with railings at least 1 m high, with toe-board sheathing at the bottom of at least 0.15 m.
764. Leaning ladders without working platforms are used only to perform work that does not require the operative to brace against the building structure.
765. Portable ladders and stepladders shall have devices preventing them from shifting and overturning during work. The lower ends of portable ladders and stepladders shall have ferrules with sharp tips, and when they are used on asphalt, concrete and similar floors they shall have shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material. Where necessary, the upper ends of ladders shall have hooks for securing to strong structures.
766. Portable ladders, stepladders, gangways and walkways are made of coniferous sawn timber without grain slope, or of metal.
767. Portable wooden ladders and extending stepladders more than 3 m long shall have at least two metal tie bolts fitted under the rungs. Extending stepladders shall be equipped with devices precluding the possibility of their spontaneous shifting.
768. Work at height, as well as work involving the lifting and moving of equipment and other heavy loads, shall be carried out under the direct supervision of a worker responsible for compliance with safety measures.
769. When carrying out external work at height on the repair, installation and dismantling of gravity pipes, air ducts, cyclones and discharge devices, safety belts shall be used. The points for securing the safety belts shall be indicated to the workers in advance.
770. Large blocks or equipment units installed in a vertical position that lack stability shall be braced during installation with at least three guy ropes, which may be removed only after the equipment has been finally secured. During installation, the stability of all equipment units shall be ensured.
771. During the repair, dismantling or installation of equipment in explosion-hazardous premises, it shall be prohibited to allow open flame and to use mechanisms and devices that may cause sparking.
772. Testing of equipment under load may be carried out only after the defects and faults identified during no-load testing have been eliminated, with a gradual increase in the load.
773. The start-up of newly installed equipment, as well as of equipment after repair, is carried out only with the permission of the head or the officials of the operating organisation responsible for industrial safety (the technical director, the chief engineer). Beforehand, the equipment shall undergo a check of: the correctness of assembly and the reliability of fastening of the fixing parts; the absence of foreign objects in the equipment; the balancing of the rotating units; the operation of the lubrication systems; the completeness of the transmission and drive belts; the presence of guards and their serviceability; the serviceability of the shut-off and sealing devices, hatches, covers and small doors; during no-load running from a permanent or temporary drive; the conformity of the setting of the thermal relay and the magnetic starter to the rated current of the electric motor; the presence and serviceability of the interlocking and monitoring devices.
774. For the repair work carried out, an acceptance report is drawn up, indicating the quality and volume of the work performed, as well as the possibility of trouble-free operation of the repaired facilities, equipment and structures as a whole.
775. When accepting into operation a facility (equipment) whose repair has been completed, it shall be checked that the following are functional: the remote automated control (DAU) means, the interlocking, monitoring and emergency protection means, the production and emergency alarm systems and the emergency situation warning systems, as well as the completeness and quality of the as-built repair documentation, the condition of the facility site and the workplaces, and the readiness of the operating personnel to perform their main duties.
776. Repaired equipment may be admitted to operation where there is a positive assessment of the repair quality in the report authorising the start-up of the equipment after repair.
777. The start-up of equipment into operation after shutdowns for maintenance may be carried out subject to a check of the serviceability of that equipment.
778. The procedure for organising and carrying out the planned preventive repair of equipment is determined by internal administrative documents of the operating organisation establishing requirements for the safe conduct of work at the facilities.
779. The planned preventive repair of equipment includes organisational and technical activities for the monitoring, care and performance of repair, carried out in the procedure and at the frequency determined by the internal administrative documents of each particular operating organisation establishing requirements for the safe conduct of work at the facilities.
780. Routine repair is carried out only during equipment shutdown. During routine repair, the equipment shall be subjected to inspection and brought into a serviceable condition ensuring uninterrupted operation.
781. Major repair of equipment is carried out before the start of the intake of grain from the new harvest.
782. The basis of the planned preventive repair of equipment is prevention (preventive activities) that precludes the premature wear of the fixed production assets and the sudden failure of equipment and facilities as a result of breakdowns and accidents.
783. The main type of repair is routine repair, the purpose of which is to keep machines and equipment in working condition by the timely performance of simple, small-volume repair work, and thereby to postpone the need for major repair.
784. The planned preventive repair system shall provide for: (a) keeping the equipment in working condition, as well as ongoing observation and periodic inspection of the condition of the facility equipment for the timely detection of faults and their elimination; (b) preparing buildings and structures for use, and machines and equipment for operation; protection against atmospheric, thermal and other effects of the external environment; (c) the care of buildings, structures and equipment during their operation, in compliance with the established modes of use, observation and lubrication; (d) the timely and high-quality performance of routine and major repairs, carried out on a planned preventive basis.
785. Repair work involving the use of open flame shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22 July 2008 "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements" and the instruction on organising the safe conduct of hot work at facilities, developed and approved by the operating organisation.
786. To prevent self-heating of grain and to prevent an emergency situation associated with spontaneous combustion of grain, the storage of grain in metal silos is permitted only in a dry and cleaned state and within the periods established by the process regulations.
787. The loading of metal silos with freshly harvested grain that has not undergone drying and cleaning shall be prohibited.
788. During the operation of metal silos, complete watertightness shall be ensured. Streaks on the bottom of silos, on the internal surfaces of walls and the roof resulting from the penetration of water through seams (including at joints) and from leaks at the points where deflectors and thermal suspensions are fastened, as well as in the zone where the walls of the silo vessels rest on the foundations, shall not be permitted.
789. All fan branch pipes and deflectors located on the outside of metal silos shall be protected against atmospheric precipitation.
790. The protective coatings of the roof and walls of metal silos shall ensure their protection against corrosion and insolation and shall be renewed as their protective properties are lost, both outside and inside.
791. When preparing metal silos for the intake of grain from the new harvest and on each emptying of the silos, the walls and bottom of the storages are cleaned of grain residues and dust. Where grain infestation is detected, its disinfestation is carried out taking into account the requirements established by paragraph 698 of these Rules. The use of disinfestation agents that are aggressive towards metal structures (coatings) shall not be permitted.
792. The grain ventilation modes are established depending on the condition of the grain (temperature, moisture content, contamination, infestation by pests) and are determined by the process regulations.
793. The shape and location of the transition branch pipes for connecting explosion relief devices shall not, during normal operation of the equipment, permit the accumulation of dust and product in them, and shall preclude mechanical damage to the safety membrane due to product getting onto it.
794. The diameters (areas) of the flow cross-sections of the explosion relief devices for the equipment are determined by calculation, taking into account the size of the protected volume, the permissible explosion pressure, the static opening pressure of the membrane (valve), the shape of the flow cross-section, the length, number and magnitude of the turning angles of the discharge pipelines, and, where flame arresters are installed, taking into account the additional hydraulic resistance of the flame arresters.
795. The safety membrane or valve shall be installed at the minimum possible distance from the body of the protected equipment, as justified by the design decision. In doing so, a hermetic closure of the flow cross-section of the explosion relief device shall be ensured.
796. The discharge pipelines of the explosion relief devices shall be straight and of the minimum length justified by the design decision. The installation of discharge pipelines with turns is permitted, the number of which is determined by calculation taking into account the sums of their hydraulic resistances.
797. As the discharge pipelines for the explosion relief devices, welded steel pipes of circular cross-section with a wall thickness of at least 1 mm shall be used, or pipes of any type that withstand the residual explosion pressure, the magnitude of which is determined by calculation taking into account the strength characteristics of the protected equipment.
798. Discharge pipelines led out of the building shall have protection against atmospheric precipitation.
799. On equipment installed outside a building, the use (installation) of explosion relief devices without discharge pipelines is permitted if the combustion products are discharged into a safe zone. On the ground floors, the end of the discharge pipeline shall be located no lower than 2.5 m from the planning level. The use of explosion relief devices without discharge pipelines, with the discharge (venting) of flame and high-temperature products of explosive combustion into a production room, is carried out in accordance with paragraph 44 of these Rules.
800. The discharge pipelines from several units of equipment may be combined into a single manifold, provided that its diameter is not less than the largest diameter of the pipelines combined into the manifold. The length of each discharge pipeline from the protected equipment to the manifold shall not exceed 3 m.
801. On bucket elevators with an elevator pipe height of not more than 36 m, explosion relief devices shall be installed on the elevator head or on both elevator pipes at any point along the height of the elevator that is convenient for the installation and servicing of the explosion relief devices.
802. On bucket elevators with an elevator pipe height of more than 36 m, explosion relief devices shall be installed on the elevator head (or on the elevator pipes at a distance of not more than 1/3 of the height of the elevator pipes from the elevator head) and on both elevator pipes at a distance of not more than 1/3 of the height of the elevator pipes from the elevator boot, at any point convenient for the installation and servicing of the explosion relief devices.
803. The installation of an explosion relief device on the cover of the elevator head shall not lead to back-spillage or to product getting onto the safety membrane.
804. Explosion relief devices on the elevator pipes are installed on the flanges of the inlet branch pipes in such a way that the elevator belt does not obstruct the discharge of the products of explosive combustion and of the unburned mixture.
805. On the head of a double bucket elevator, a single explosion relief device common to both parts of the elevator may be installed.
806. When explosion relief devices are installed on the elevator pipes, the joining of the two elevator pipes of a single elevator is permitted at the location of the common explosion relief device. In doing so, the design of the branch pipe joining the elevator pipes through their internal walls shall ensure a free area of its flow cross-section of not less than half the flow cross-section of the common explosion relief device.
807. For the explosion protection of crushers, explosion relief devices are installed on the side wall in the upper part of the under-crusher hopper or cone.
808. On newly installed filter-cyclones, explosion relief devices are placed on the body of the filter-cyclone in the zone of uncleaned air. Where it is impossible to install explosion relief devices on filter-cyclones at operating facilities, activities aimed at reducing the risk of an explosion occurring in the filter-cyclones are developed and implemented, in accordance with the internal administrative documents of the operating organisation establishing requirements for the safe conduct of work at the facilities.
809. For the explosion protection of grain dryers, explosion relief devices are installed on the heating chambers, preheaters, cascade heaters, settling chambers, furnaces, over-dryer hoppers and on the bucket elevators servicing the grain dryers.
810. Explosion relief devices on the bucket elevators servicing grain dryers are installed in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.
811. Explosion relief devices on over-dryer hoppers are installed on the top cover or on the side wall in the upper part of the hopper.
812. Explosion relief devices on heating chambers are installed on the side wall of the chamber. Where several explosion relief devices are installed, they shall be distributed evenly along the height of the chamber.
813. Explosion relief devices on preheaters are installed on the side wall of the preheater sections on the side opposite the inlet of the drying agent.
814. Explosion relief devices on cascade heaters are installed on the side wall of the counterflow shaft sections on the side of the inclined ribs of the latticed shelves.
815. Explosion relief devices on settling chambers are installed on the side walls in the upper part of the chambers.
816. Furnaces shall be protected by explosion relief valves in accordance with the requirements applicable to the explosion protection of furnaces.
817. The procedure for organising the work to maintain the integrity and serviceable condition of the explosion relief devices during their operation and repair is determined by the internal administrative documents of the operating organisation establishing the safe conduct of work at the facilities. Responsibility for the technical condition, operation and timely repair of the explosion relief devices is assigned to an official appointed by the head of the operating organisation.
818. For each installed explosion relief device, the operating organisation draws up a data sheet for the explosion relief device. After installation, all explosion relief devices are numbered, and the gate-type and band-type ones are sealed.
819. Bursting safety membranes, snap-out membranes, hinged valves, rotary flaps, their fastening units, sealing gaskets, discharge pipelines and other structural elements of the explosion relief devices shall be kept intact and serviceable.
820. The operating organisation carries out, on a monthly basis, monitoring of the integrity of the membranes and sealing gaskets, of the mobility of the hinged valves and rotary flaps of the combined explosion relief devices, and of the absence of accumulations of dust or product on the membranes and in the discharge pipelines.
821. The results of inspections and information on the repairs carried out or the replacement of membranes are recorded in the log of periodic inspections and repairs of explosion relief devices.
822. The operation of faulty explosion relief devices, and of their structural elements that have lost their integrity, shall not be permitted.
823. In the event of systematic breaches of the integrity of the membranes due to rarefaction inside the equipment or significant pressure pulsations, a protective mesh made of wire 1-2 mm thick with cells measuring 30 x 30 mm is installed in front of the membrane.
824. Upon the expiry of one year of operation of explosion relief devices with bursting safety membranes made of polyethylene film or aluminium foil, the bursting safety membranes shall be subject to mandatory replacement, with the actions recorded in the log of periodic inspections and repairs of explosion relief devices.
825. In the event of deviations from the normal operation of the equipment (product blockage, intensive dust emission, increased vibration and other similar causes), the equipment shall be stopped and the explosion relief devices shall be checked without delay, and, where necessary, the bursting safety membranes or other damaged structural elements shall be replaced. The results of the check shall be recorded in the log of periodic inspections and repairs of explosion relief devices (a recommended sample of the log is given in Appendix No. 3 to these Rules).
826. When a facility is shut down (short-term, medium-term or long-term), the operating organisation shall ensure the integrity and serviceability of the explosion relief devices in accordance with paragraph 817 of these Rules.
827. The following actual data on the presence and technical condition of the means of explosion prevention and explosion protection of the production buildings, structures and equipment of the facilities (indicators characterising the state of explosion safety and emergency protection of the facility) are set out in the technical explosion safety data sheet in the procedure established by the internal administrative documents of the organisation: the provision of production buildings and structures with easily-detachable structures (LSK) (indicating the names of the premises, buildings and structures, the minimum permissible and actual areas of the LSK, the free volumes of the premises, the number of doorways without airlock vestibules, information on the location of amenity premises within production buildings and on the placement of hoppers for storing aspiration waste, dust and dust-like products); the provision of transport galleries and tunnels with LSK (indicating the names of the structures and buildings linked by the galleries or tunnels, the lengths and volumes, the areas of the easily-detachable enclosing structures, the relative coefficient of LSK provision); the provision of silos, hoppers, warehouses, bucket elevators, stationary belt conveyors, chain scraper and screw conveyors, crushers, dryers, pulp-drying installations and screw gates with the means of explosion prevention and explosion protection provided for by these Rules; the provision of equipment, buildings, structures and premises with the means of magnetic protection provided for by these Rules; the provision of buildings, structures and premises with aspiration and pneumatic transport installations (indicating the numbers of the installations and information on the absence (presence) of data sheets for the aspiration and pneumatic transport installations); the provision of equipment and process operations with explosion localisation systems (indicating the installation locations and the number of flame-arresting (flame-cutting) devices, control sensors and explosion relief devices; the presence of remote automated control, interlocking and monitoring of the operation of the explosion localisation system; the number of explosion relief devices led out into a production room without flame-arresting (flame-cutting) devices); information on electrostatic spark safety, electrical installations, protective earthing and lightning protection; information on air heating and ventilation systems; the provision of hoppers for dry shavings and dust from woodworking production with anti-explosion devices (valves), signalling sensors of their degree of filling, automatic sensors signalling the ignition of shavings and dust, devices for supplying fire-extinguishing means inside the hoppers, as well as the provision of hoppers for raw shavings and wood chips with sensors signalling the degree of filling; the provision of screw gates of woodworking production with anti-explosion devices (valves), signalling sensors of the ignition of dry shavings, automatic devices for supplying fire-extinguishing means inside the gate (indicating information on the presence of a damper preventing sparks and other sources of fire from entering the pneumatic transport system downstream of the gate).
828. The development of the technical explosion safety data sheet is preceded by an inspection of the facility, carried out by a commission appointed by order of the operating organisation. By decision of the head of the operating organisation, representatives of scientific, expert and design organisations certified in the field of industrial safety in accordance with the established procedure may be included in the specified commission to ensure the completeness and quality of the inspection.
829. The procedure (sequence) for carrying out the inspection of the facility is determined by the internal administrative documents of the organisation operating the facility, taking into account compliance with the industrial safety requirements during the operation of the facilities.
830. The results of the inspection are drawn up in the form of an internal report of the operating organisation, which sets out information (data) on the presence (absence) of design documentation (documentation) for the facility, of the conclusions of the relevant examinations, of the process regulations and diagrams, of the data sheets for the aspiration and pneumatic transport installations, of the data sheets for the explosion relief devices, as well as the actual condition of the facility and its conformity (non-conformity) with the regulatory requirements. The report is signed by all members of the commission, is a mandatory appendix to the technical explosion safety data sheet, and is drawn up according to the model determined by the internal administrative documents of the organisation operating the facility.
831. The development of a single technical explosion safety data sheet for all facilities operated by one organisation is permitted; in this case, the presentation of the explosion safety indicators in respect of the production buildings, structures and equipment is carried out for each facility (as part of a single document).
832. Responsibility for the completeness and reliability of the information indicated in the technical explosion safety data sheet is borne by the head of the organisation operating the facilities, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
833. The materials of the inspections, the results of which have been used to present the indicators characterising the provision of the production buildings and structures, as well as the transport galleries and tunnels, with the means ensuring the emergency protection of the facility, shall contain the corresponding supporting calculations and shall be attached to the technical explosion safety data sheet.
834. Based on the results of the development of the technical explosion safety data sheet, where there are deviations from the regulatory industrial safety requirements, including where breaches (non-conformities) of the industrial safety requirements that are not entered into the technical explosion safety data sheet are identified, a plan of activities is drawn up for bringing the hazardous production facilities into line with the regulatory industrial safety requirements, which contains information on the location of the activity together with its detailed content, as well as the types (kinds) and numbers of the equipment according to the process diagram (to enable control over the progress of implementation).
835. The persons responsible for implementing the plan of activities for bringing the facility into line with the regulatory industrial safety requirements, and for the timely introduction of the corresponding additions (amendments), are determined by an internal administrative document of the organisation operating the facility.
836. The technical explosion safety data sheet is signed by the chief engineer (or by another official whose duties include performing that function), is approved by the head, is secured with the seal of the operating organisation and is bound with an indication of the number of stitched pages.
837. When the state of explosion safety of a facility changes (following technical re-equipment, reconstruction or major repair), the corresponding additions (amendments) are entered into the technical explosion safety data sheet and the plan of activities for bringing the hazardous production facilities into line with the regulatory industrial safety requirements, with their content reflected in the register of additions (amendments). Additions (amendments) to the technical explosion safety data sheet of the facility are entered after the objectivity of the information (data) being entered has been confirmed by a commission set up and acting under the conditions and in accordance with paragraphs 828-830 of these Rules.
1. The responsible performer of the work ___________________________________ (full name) together with a work team consisting of _____ persons is to carry out the following work: _____________________________________________________________________ (name of the work, place of performance)
2. For carrying out the work, the following are required: materials _________________________________________________________________ tools _______________________________________________________________ protective equipment _________________________________________________________
3. When preparing for and carrying out the work, the following safety measures are to be ensured: _____________________________________________________________ (the main activities ___________________________________________________________________________ and means for ensuring labour safety and explosion safety are listed)
4. Special conditions _____________________________________________________
5. Start of work at ____ h ____ min. _____ 20__. End of work at _____ h _____ min. _____ 20__. Work regime ______________________________________________________________ (single-, two-, three-shift)
6. Appointed as the responsible manager of the work: ______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (position, full name)
7. Permit to work issued by _________________________________________________ (position, full name, signature)
8. Permit to work received by: the responsible manager of the work __________________________________________ (position, full name, signature)
9. The activities for ensuring labour safety and the procedure for carrying out the work have been agreed: ___________________________________________________________________________ the responsible person of the organisation (workshop, section) ___________________________________________________________________________ (position, full name, signature)
10. Briefing on safety measures at the workplace in accordance with the instructions ___________________________________________________________________________ (name, number, code of the instruction ___________________________________________________________________________ or brief content of the briefing) Conducted by: Responsible person in charge of the work __________________________________________________ (date, signature) Responsible official of the organisation (workshop, section) _______________ (date, signature)
11. The following members of the work team have received the briefing: [table - reproduced in the Russian original]
12. The workplace and working conditions have been checked. The safety measures specified in the permit to work are ensured. I authorise commencement of the work ________________________________________ (position, full name of the person admitting ___________________________________________________________________________ to work, a representative of the operating organisation, date, signature) Responsible person in charge of the work __________________________________________________ (date, signature) Responsible executor of the work __________________________________________________ (date, signature)
13. Work commenced at ____ h ____ min on _____ 20__. Responsible person in charge of the work __________________________________________________ (date, signature)
14. Work has been completed, the workplaces checked (materials, tools and appliances removed). The permit is closed at ____ h ____ min on _____ 20__. Responsible executor of the work __________________________________________________ (date, signature) Responsible official of the organisation ________________________________________ (date, signature)
1. Manufacturer ____________________________________________________________
2. Date of manufacture ____________________________________________________________
3. Type of the explosion-relief device __________________________________________________ (diameter of the flow cross-section, type of the explosion-relief device)
4. Name of the workshop, section __________________________________________________
5. Name of the equipment, its number and installation location ____________________
6. Installation location of the explosion-relief device ________________________________________
7. Material and thickness of the membrane __________________________________________________
8. Diameter of the discharge pipeline __________________________________________________
9. Length of the discharge pipeline __________________________________________________
10. Number of bends of the discharge pipeline and the bend angles _______________
11. Value of the protected volume __________________________________________________
12. With which equipment the discharge pipelines are connected by a common manifold ____________________________________________________________
13. Date of installation of the explosion-relief device ________________________________________
14. Date of completion of the passport __________________________________________________
15. Date and number of the order on the appointment of the official responsible for the technical condition, operation and repair of the explosion-relief device _______________ Signature of the manufacturer ____________________________________________________________ (position, surname) Signature of the person responsible for the technical condition and operation __________________________________________________ (position, surname)