Order of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation No. 883n of 11 December 2020
Unofficial translation. Only the Russian original published in the official sources of the Russian Federation has legal force. This translation is provided for reference and does not replace the official document.
1. The Labour Protection Rules for Construction, Reconstruction and Repair (hereinafter - the Rules) establish state regulatory labour protection requirements for the performance of construction work carried out during new construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, and current and capital repair of buildings and structures (hereinafter - construction operations). The requirements of the Rules are mandatory for employers that are individual entrepreneurs, as well as for employers that are legal entities, regardless of their organisational and legal form, when they organise and carry out construction operations.
2. The employer (the person carrying out the construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, or capital repair of a capital construction facility, which may be the developer or a natural or legal person engaged by the developer or the technical customer on the basis of a civil-law contract, meeting the requirements of the town-planning legislation of the Russian Federation, and which may perform certain types of work on the construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, or capital repair of a capital construction facility independently or by engaging other persons meeting the requirements of the town-planning legislation of the Russian Federation) shall ensure the safety of construction operations and the safe operation of the process equipment used in construction operations, the conformity of construction operations with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on labour protection and of other regulatory legal acts in the field of labour protection, as well as control over compliance with the requirements of the Rules.
3. In accordance with the requirements of the Rules, the employer shall, in accordance with the established procedure, organise the development of labour protection instructions by occupation and (or) by type of work performed, which are approved by local regulatory acts of the employer, taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or of another representative body authorised by the workers participating in construction operations (hereinafter - the workers) (if any).
4. Where technologies and methods of work, materials, process tooling, tools, inventory, equipment, and vehicles are used for which labour protection requirements are not regulated by the Rules, the employer shall develop and carry out labour protection actions in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory labour protection requirements (hereinafter - labour protection requirements).
5. The employer, proceeding from the specifics of its construction operations and the characteristics of the facility, shall, within the framework of the occupational risk management procedure of the labour protection management system (hereinafter - the LPMS), carry out an assessment of the occupational risks associated with the following hazards: 1) the moving machines and mechanisms used by it, the moving parts of process equipment, and the moving workpieces and construction materials; 2) overturning of machines; 3) an unstable state of a structure, facility, formwork, and supporting fastenings; 4) high wind loads; 5) falling pieces of rock, objects, and materials, spontaneously collapsing structures of buildings and structures and their elements, equipment, rocks, and soils; 6) the presence of a sharp edge, corners, or protruding pins; 7) work at height; 8) the hazard associated with the emission of dust and harmful substances; 9) the hazard associated with exposure to noise, including the hazard associated with the possibility of not hearing an audible danger signal; 10) the hazard of insufficient illumination or excessive light brightness in the work area; 11) the hazard of exposure to reduced or elevated air temperatures; 12) the hazard of electric shock; 13) other hazards posing a threat to the life and health of workers, included by the employer in the list of identified hazards.
6. The employer shall verify the presence and sufficiency of information in the documentation submitted by it within the framework of the special assessment of working conditions (SAWC) for the identification of potentially harmful and (or) hazardous production factors of construction operations. The list of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors of construction operations may be expanded by the employer, proceeding from the specifics of its construction operations and the characteristics of the facility.
7. The employer, depending on the specifics of its activity and proceeding from the assessment of the occupational risk level, may: 1) establish additional safety requirements that do not contradict the Rules. Labour protection requirements shall be contained in the relevant labour protection instructions and communicated to the worker in the form of orders, directions, and briefing; 2) for the purpose of controlling the safe performance of work, apply instruments, devices, and equipment and (or) a complex (system) of instruments, devices, and equipment providing remote video, audio, or other recording of the work performance processes.
8. Document flow in the field of labour protection may be maintained in electronic form using an electronic signature or any other method that allows the identity of the worker to be identified, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
9. The organisation and conduct of construction operations at capital construction facilities shall be carried out in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations, which provides for a list of actions and decisions on determining the technical means and methods of work for specific types of processes and work performed that ensure compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on labour protection.
10. When organising construction operations, the employer shall take into account the hazardous zones specified in the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations, in which exposure to hazardous production factors, whether or not associated with the technology and nature of the work performed, is possible.
11. The hazardous zones with a constant presence of hazardous production factors in construction operations, reflected in the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations, include: 1) places at a distance closer than 2 m from uninsulated live parts of electrical installations; 2) places at a distance closer than 2 m from unguarded (absence of protective guards) height differences of 1.8 m or more, or where the height of the protective guards is less than 1.1 m.
12. The hazardous zones with possible exposure to hazardous production factors include: 1) sections of the territory of a building (structure) under construction; 2) floors (tiers) of buildings and structures above which the installation (dismantling) of structures or equipment takes place; 3) zones of movement of machines, equipment, or their parts and working members; 4) places above which loads are moved by cranes.
13. At the boundaries of zones with a constant presence of hazardous production factors, protective guards shall be installed, and at the boundaries of zones with possible exposure to hazardous production factors - warning guards and safety signs.
14. To exclude work at height, the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations provides for the priority, first-order installation of permanent enclosing structures (walls, panels, and guards for balconies and openings).
15. The organisational and technological documentation for construction operations shall define: 1) the devices intended for organising workplaces during the performance of construction and installation work at height (hereinafter - scaffolding means), intended for performing this type of work or a separate operation; 2) the routes and means for raising workers to workplaces during the construction of buildings and structures above 5 storeys, with the installation of passenger hoists and (or) lifts; 3) the load-handling devices allowing remote unslinging of long and large-sized construction structures.
16. To prevent the falling from height of construction structures, products, and materials being moved by a crane, as well as the loss of their stability during installation or storage, the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations shall define: 1) containerisation means or containers for moving piece or bulk materials, as well as concrete or mortar, taking into account the nature and mass of the load being moved and the convenience of delivering it to the place of work; 2) load-handling devices (load slings, spreader beams, and installation grips) corresponding to the mass and dimensions of the load being moved and to the conditions of slinging and installation; 3) methods of slinging that ensure the delivery of structural elements during storage and installation in accordance with the design decisions; 4) devices (pyramids, cassettes) that ensure the stable storage of elements of construction structures; 5) the procedure and methods for storing construction structures, products, materials, and equipment; 6) methods of temporary and final fastening of structures; 7) methods of removing construction material waste and debris; 8) protective devices (protective catch nets, protective decks, canopies, or others), where necessary.
17. Before the start of construction operations on the territory of an operating facility (including operating administrative, production, and other buildings), the employer and the head (an authorised representative of the head) of the business entity operating the facility shall complete an admission act for the performance of construction and installation work on the territory of the operating construction facility (the recommended template is provided in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules) and a permit to work for the performance of work in places where harmful and (or) hazardous production factors are present (the recommended template is provided in Appendix No. 2 to the Rules) (hereinafter, respectively - the admission act, the permit to work).
18. Where several types of work for which a permit to work is required are performed jointly, a single permit to work may be issued, with the inclusion in it of requirements for the safe performance of each type of work.
19. When performing construction operations on the territory of operating construction facilities, the employer shall, together with all legal and natural persons engaged by it under contracts, meeting the requirements of the town-planning legislation of the Russian Federation and participating in construction operations (hereinafter - the participants in construction operations): 1) develop a schedule for the performance of joint work ensuring safe working conditions, mandatory for the participants in construction operations on the given territory; 2) carry out the admission of the participants in construction operations to the production territory in accordance with the requirements of the Rules; 3) ensure the performance of general labour protection actions and the coordination of the actions of the participants in construction operations in implementing the actions ensuring the safety of work performance, according to the admission act and the schedule for the performance of joint work.
20. In the case of joint activity on a land plot on which construction work is carried out or territory development is carried out (hereinafter - the construction site) by several employers on the basis of concluded contracts, including natural persons engaged in individual labour activity, each of them shall ensure safe working conditions for the workers engaged by them in accordance with the completed admission act, the schedule for the performance of joint work, and the requirements of the Rules.
21. The employers shall, in accordance with the specifics of the work performed, organise control over the state of working conditions and labour protection with a frequency established by the employers: 1) control of the serviceability of the equipment, devices, and tools used, and of the presence and integrity of guards, protective earthing, and other means of protection, before and during work at their own workplaces, carried out by the workers (the first level); 2) control over the state of working conditions and labour protection, carried out by the persons in charge of the work (performing authorities) together with authorised representatives of the workers (the second level); 3) control over the state of working conditions and labour protection in the structural subdivisions and at the sections of construction operations, carried out by the employer (its authorised representatives, including specialists of the labour protection service) together with representatives of the primary trade union organisation or another representative body of the workers according to approved plans (the third level). If violations of labour protection requirements are detected, the workers shall take measures to eliminate them by their own efforts, and where this is not possible - stop the work and inform the immediate supervisor (the performing authority). In the event of a threat to the safety and health of the workers, the immediate supervisors (the performing authorities) shall stop the work and take measures to eliminate the danger, and, where necessary, ensure the evacuation of people to a safe place. When construction operations are carried out at a separate section, the taking of measures to ensure the safety and labour protection of the workers and the organisation of fire-prevention actions is assigned to the person carrying out the construction work.
22. Work involving increased danger, carried out in places where harmful and hazardous production factors are present, shall be performed in accordance with a permit to work that defines the content, place, time, and conditions of the performance of the work, the necessary safety measures, and the composition of the work team and of the persons responsible for the safety of the work. Work involving increased danger includes, in particular: 1) work using lifting structures and other construction machines in the protective zones of overhead power lines, gas and oil product pipelines, and warehouses of flammable or combustible liquids and of combustible or liquefied gases; 2) work in wells, pits, and confined, sunken, and hard-to-reach spaces; 3) earthworks on sections with pathogenic contamination of the soil (landfills, cattle burial grounds, and others), in the protective zones of underground electrical networks, a gas pipeline, an oil pipeline, an oil product pipeline, and other hazardous underground utilities; 4) the performance of current repair or dismantling of equipment, as well as the performance of repair or any construction and installation work in the presence of hazardous factors of an operating hazardous production facility; 5) work at height; 6) work on sections where there is or may arise a danger associated with the performance of hazardous work on adjacent sections; 7) work in the immediate vicinity of the roadbed or carriageway of operating roads and railways; 8) gas-hazardous work (connecting newly built gas pipelines to the operating gas network, admitting gas into gas pipelines and other facilities of gas supply systems during commissioning, after their repair or de-preservation, and types of repair involving the performance of hot work and welding work on operating internal and external gas pipelines, gas-using installations, and other gas equipment); 9) roofing work by the gas-flame method; 10) installation of equipment, pipelines, and air ducts in the protective zones of overhead power lines and gas pipelines, as well as warehouses of flammable or combustible liquids and of combustible or liquefied gases; 11) installation work in operating thermal-power and electrical shops, and repair work on electrical installations in open switchgear and in electrical networks. The list of work involving increased danger performed with the issuance of a permit to work, and the procedure for carrying out such work, are established by an order of the employer in accordance with labour protection requirements and the Rules.
23. The permit to work is issued to the immediate person in charge of the work (the site superintendent, foreman, manager, and others) by an official authorised by an order of the employer. Before the start of work, the person in charge of the work shall familiarise the workers with the actions for the safety of work performance and conduct a targeted labour protection briefing with them, recording an entry in the permit to work.
24. When work is performed in the protective zones of structures or utilities, the permit to work shall be issued where there is written permission from the organisation that owns that structure or utility.
25. The permit to work is issued for the period necessary to perform the specified scope of work, unless a different period is established by the relevant regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation for the facilities or types of work. The official who issued the permit to work shall exercise control over the performance of the actions provided for in it to ensure the safety of work performance.
26. When work involving the movement of construction structures, loads, and materials, loading and unloading work, and work on the safe placement of materials and waste of construction operations is organised and carried out in the course of construction operations, including using a stationary or mobile mechanism used for raising or lowering people or loads (hereinafter - the lifting structure), the employer shall ensure compliance with the requirements of the labour protection rules for loading and unloading work and the placement of loads, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 610 of 19 June 2012 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Art. 3528), (hereinafter - the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation), and with the requirements of the Rules.
27. In the course of construction operations, the employer shall provide for measures to comply with the provisions of the regulatory legal acts establishing safety requirements for the performance of work using asbestos and asbestos-containing materials <1>. ——————————-- <1> Convention No. 162 of the International Labour Organisation "On Labour Protection in the Use of Asbestos" (concluded in Geneva on 24 June 1986), ratified by Federal Law No. 50-FZ of 8 April 2000 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 15, Art. 1538).
28. Workers who have undergone labour protection training and an on-the-job placement under the guidance of persons appointed by the employer are admitted to participation in construction operations. Workers engaged in work the performance of which involves the combination of occupations (positions) shall undergo labour protection training for the types of work provided for by the combined occupations (positions).
29. Additional (increased) labour protection requirements are imposed on workers participating in construction operations under conditions where hazardous production factors associated with the conditions and nature of the work are present. Workers admitted to participation in construction operations on whom additional (increased) labour protection requirements are imposed shall periodically undergo special labour protection training and a check of their knowledge of labour protection requirements. The list of work, occupations, and positions of workers in respect of which special labour protection training is carried out, as well as the procedure, form, frequency, and duration of the special training, are established by the employer in agreement with the primary trade union organisation or another representative body authorised by the workers, taking into account the nature of the occupations (positions), the types of work, the specifics of production, the working conditions, and the requirements of the Rules.
30. Persons present on the construction site shall wear protective helmets. Workers shall use personal protective equipment in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory labour protection requirements. Workers without the personal protective equipment mandatory for use shall not be permitted to perform construction work.
31. In accordance with the results of the special assessment of working conditions and with labour protection requirements, the employer shall provide the workers participating in construction operations with collective protective equipment and personal protective equipment.
32. Workers working during the cold season in the open air or in unheated enclosed premises shall be provided with special breaks for warming up and rest, which are included in working time. The duration and procedure for providing such breaks are established by the internal labour regulations, taking into account the opinion of the primary trade union organisation or another representative body authorised by the workers. The duration of continuous work in the open air during the cold period of the year, including for the servicing of process equipment located in an open area, is determined by the person in charge of the work.
33. The employer shall provide the workers engaged in construction operations with sanitary and welfare facilities (cloakrooms, dryers for clothing and footwear, showers, toilets, and premises for eating, rest, and warming up) and with devices for warming up and for the supply of drinking water and hot water. The arrangement and preparation for use of the sanitary and welfare facilities and devices shall be completed before the start of the performance of construction work. The performance of work on the construction site without equipping it with sanitary and welfare facilities and devices shall not be permitted. When the construction of multi-storey (high-rise) buildings is organised and carried out, the employer shall additionally provide for the possibility for the workers participating in construction operations to use, on the upper storeys of the buildings under construction (from the 6th storey onwards), portable chemical toilets that are moved as the main construction work progresses.
34. At the facilities where construction operations are carried out, first aid stations shall be organised, provided with first aid kits for rendering first aid to workers, equipped with medical-purpose products.
35. To ensure the safe performance of work, the employer shall carry out the preparation of the construction sites and the sections of construction operations at which the workers of that employer will be engaged, before the start of construction operations, and complete an act (the recommended template is provided in Appendix No. 3 to the Rules).
36. Production territories and sections where construction operations are carried out in populated areas or on the territory of an operating facility shall, to ensure the safety of construction work for third parties, be fenced off to prevent access by unauthorised persons.
37. Places where people pass within hazardous zones shall have protective guards. The entrances to buildings (structures) under construction shall be protected from above by a canopy projecting at least 2 m from the wall of the building. The angle formed between the canopy and the wall located above it over the entrance shall be from 70° to 75°.
38. At the entrance to the production territory during capital construction, stands shall be installed indicating the buildings and structures under construction, being demolished, and auxiliary ones, the entrances, driveways, traffic movement diagrams, and the locations of water sources and fire-extinguishing means.
39. Roads located on production territories shall be equipped with appropriate road signs regulating the procedure for the movement of vehicles and construction machines.
40. Where, in the process of carrying out construction operations, operating civil or production buildings and structures, traffic or pedestrian roads, and other places where people may be present may fall within hazardous zones in the immediate vicinity of places where loads are moved by cranes, the following requirements shall be complied with: Cranes shall be equipped with additional means for limiting their working zone, by means of which the working zone of the crane shall be forcibly limited so as to prevent the occurrence of hazardous zones in places where people are present; the slewing speed of the crane jib towards the boundary of the working zone shall be limited to the minimum when the distance from the load being moved to the boundary of the zone is less than 7 m; the movement of loads on sections located at a distance of less than 7 m from the boundary of hazardous zones shall be carried out using additional removable load-handling devices that prevent the load from falling; a protective screen shall be installed around the perimeter of the building, having a height equal to or greater than the height of the possible position of the load being moved by the crane; the working zone of the crane shall be limited so that the load being moved does not extend beyond the contours of the building at the locations of the protective screen.
41. The territory of the construction site, including driveways, passages on production territories, and passages to workplaces, shall be kept clean, cleared of debris and snow, and not cluttered with stored materials and construction structures.
42. When work is performed during the dark time of day, the construction sites and sections of construction operations, the workplaces, and the driveways and approaches to them shall be illuminated.
43. Sanitary and welfare and production premises and rest areas for workers, as well as roads and pedestrian roads, shall be located outside hazardous zones. For those working in the open air, canopies shall be provided for shelter from atmospheric precipitation.
44. When earthworks are performed on construction sites, in the territory of populated areas, or on production territories, excavation pits, holes, trenches, and ditches in places where people and vehicles move shall be fenced off. At places for crossing over trenches, holes, and ditches, transition bridges at least 1 m wide shall be installed, fenced on both sides with railings at least 1.1 m high, with continuous sheathing at the bottom to a height of 0.15 m and with an additional guard rail at a height of 0.5 m from the decking. Wells, pits, and other excavations shall be covered with lids or shields, or fenced off. During the dark time of day, these guards shall be illuminated with electric signal lamps.
45. Geographically separate premises, areas, and sections of construction operations shall be provided with telephone communication or radio communication.
46. The admission to the production territory of unauthorised persons, as well as of workers in a state of intoxication or in a state of narcotic or toxic inebriation, or not engaged in work on the given territory, shall be prohibited.
47. At workplaces, the safety of the equipment and production processes shall be ensured in accordance with the requirements of the operational and technical documentation, and the working conditions shall conform to state regulatory labour protection requirements.
48. When workplaces are organised, the safety of workers shall be ensured by: 1) protecting workers from the danger created by moving parts of process equipment, products, workpieces, and materials, by flying particles of the material being processed, and by splashes of cutting and cooling fluids; 2) complying with the requirements for the safe operation of lifting structures, manipulator cranes, pipe-laying cranes, hoists with working platforms, construction hoists, lifts, steam and water-heating boilers, pressure vessels, steam and hot-water pipelines, and gas equipment installations; 3) the rational placement of process equipment inside and outside production premises and by ensuring a safe distance between the equipment and walls and columns and a safe width of passages and driveways.
49. The places of temporary or permanent presence of workers who are not directly involved in carrying out construction operations shall be located outside hazardous zones.
50. When workplaces involving the use of construction machines and other process equipment are organised, to eliminate the harmful effect of noise, the following shall be applied: 1) technical means (reduction of machine noise at the source of its generation, and the use of technological processes in which the sound pressure level at workplaces does not exceed the permissible level); 2) construction and acoustic actions; 3) remote control of noisy machines, and personal protective equipment; 4) organisational actions (the choice of a rational work and rest regime, the reduction of the time spent in noisy conditions, and therapeutic and preventive and other actions). Work areas with an exceeded permissible noise level shall be marked with safety signs. Work in these areas without the use of personal protective equipment shall be prohibited.
51. To reduce the harmful effect of general vibration on workers, when workplaces are organised, provision shall be made for the possibility of implementing protective measures, including (in order of priority): the replacement of equipment, the use of design measures to reduce vibration levels, the reduction of the time of contact with vibrating surfaces, the use of collective protective equipment, and, for protection against local vibration - the use of personal protective equipment.
52. When production processes are carried out in conditions of increased dustiness corresponding to harmful (hazardous) working conditions, the employer shall take measures to reduce the dust concentration to permissible levels or provide the workers with respiratory protective equipment.
53. The places where construction operations are carried out using dust-like materials, as well as the workplaces at machines for crushing, grinding, and sieving these materials, shall be provided with aspiration or ventilation systems (ventilation). The control of gates, feeders, and mechanisms at installations for processing lime, cement, gypsum, and other dust materials shall be carried out from remote control panels.
54. Openings in walls with a decking (floor) abutting them on one side shall be guarded if the distance from the level of the decking to the bottom of the opening is less than 0.7 m.
55. Passages at workplaces and to workplaces shall meet the following requirements: 1) the width of single passages to workplaces and at workplaces shall be not less than 0.8 m; 2) the clear height of passages shall be not less than 2 m.
56. Where workplaces are located on floor slabs, the effect of loads on the floor slab from the placed construction materials, equipment, tooling and people shall not exceed the design loads on the floor slab provided for in the organisational and technological documentation for the performance of work.
57. The hazardous zones located below the place of work at height shall be identified, marked and fenced off in accordance with the labour protection rules for work at height, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation.
58. The covering of lift shafts shall be carried out at each floor.
59. For the passage of workers carrying out work on a roof with a slope of more than 20°, and also on a roof with a covering not designed for loads from the weight of workers, walkways not less than 0.3 m wide with transverse battens for foot support shall be provided. For the duration of the work, the walkways shall be secured.
60. When mobile construction machines are used in construction operations on the territory of a construction site, visibility of the working and hazardous zones from the operator's workplace shall be ensured. In cases where the operator controlling a mobile construction machine does not have a sufficient view, a signaller shall be assigned to the operator. The workers associated with its operation shall be familiarised with the meaning of the signals given during the operation and movement of the mobile construction machine. The hazardous zones that arise or may arise during the operation of the mobile construction machine shall be marked with safety signs and (or) warning inscriptions.
61. The arrangement of machine tools, mechanisms, workbenches, tables, trestles, racks and other equipment used in the transport of construction materials and structures shall not create loops or oncoming, crossing and return movements. When arranging process equipment, the weight and dimensions of the materials being processed, the nature of the work and the type of equipment shall be taken into account, ensuring the straight-through flow of movement and the safety of work.
62. The placement of stationary process equipment on the production territory of construction sites shall be carried out in accordance with the design and technical documentation. In this case, the width of passages in workshops shall be not less than: 1) for main passages - 1.5 m; 2) for passages between equipment - 1.2 m; 3) for passages between the walls of production buildings and equipment - 1.0 m; 4) for passages to equipment intended for its servicing and repair - 0.8 m. The width of passages at workplaces shall be increased by not less than 0.75 m where workplaces are located on one side of passages and driveways, and by not less than 1.5 m where workplaces are located on both sides of passages and driveways.
63. The installation of stationary process equipment on foundations or on inter-storey floor slabs is carried out in accordance with the design documentation, taking into account the weight of the equipment and the action of dynamic loads of the equipment on the floor slab.
64. Process equipment combined into a single process complex with more than one worker shall be provided with signalling systems warning the workers of start-up. Remote start-up shall be carried out after a warning audible or visual signal has been given and a response signal on the possibility of start-up has been received from the equipment servicing points. The signalling elements (bells, sirens, lamps) shall be protected against mechanical damage and located so that reliable audibility and visibility of the signal in the area of the servicing personnel are ensured. Signal tables and instructions on the procedure for starting and stopping the process equipment shall be posted at the workplaces.
65. The placement of conveyors in production buildings, galleries and on trestles shall be carried out in accordance with the labour protection requirements.
66. Where the design of storage hoppers has hatches and other openings into which the unauthorised or accidental entry (falling) of a person is possible, measures shall be taken to preclude the possibility of such a situation arising.
67. Ball mills and other crushing equipment shall be equipped with audible and visual signalling systems providing two-way signal communication between the platforms for servicing the receiving and conveying devices and the crusher control panel.
68. Workers servicing crushing machines shall be provided with special appliances (hooks, tongs and others) for removing pieces of material or accidentally caught non-crushable objects from the crusher chamber, and with protective goggles.
69. During the operation of construction hoists, at the platforms from which loading or unloading of the cabin (platform) of the construction hoist is carried out, the rules for the use of the construction hoist shall be posted, defining the loading method, the signalling method, the procedure for door attendance by duty workers, the prohibition on persons entering the platform of the construction hoist and the instructions for its servicing. At the places of loading or unloading of the cabin or platform of the construction hoist, inscriptions shall be made indicating the weight of the maximum load permitted to be raised or lowered.
70. Above the loading place of a construction hoist with an open platform, at a height of from 2.5 m to 5 m, a protective double decking of boards not less than 40 mm thick shall be installed.
71. For the servicing of process equipment on which process tooling and parts weighing more than 15 kg are installed, appropriate lifting structures or devices shall be used, by means of which the installation and removal of the parts being processed and the process tooling shall be carried out.
72. The hazardous zones of the types of process equipment, installations and devices shall be fenced off, screened or have devices precluding contact of workers with hazardous and harmful production factors.
73. Moving construction materials being processed that project beyond the dimensions of the equipment shall be fenced off and have reliable stable supporting appliances.
74. Movable protective devices (screens) installed on equipment to fence off hazardous zones shall be interlocked with the start-up of the equipment. Portable guards shall be stable. For the closing and opening of guards, handles, brackets and other devices shall be provided.
75. Guards and protective devices shall be painted in safety colours.
76. For the servicing of equipment at a height of 1 m or more from floor level, special platforms with railings and stairs with handrails shall be provided.
77. Devices for the starting, switching off and stopping of process equipment shall be located so that they can be used directly from the workplace and so that the possibility of spontaneous switching-on of the equipment and mechanisms and of injury to workers is precluded.
78. The controls of process equipment in operation (levers, handles, flywheels, hand-wheels, buttons and others) shall be concentrated in places convenient for the worker and have inscriptions or symbols indicating their purpose.
79. Workplaces using process equipment the start-up of which is carried out from outside shall have signalling that warns of start-up and, where necessary, communication with the operator.
80. For general internal and external lighting, a voltage not exceeding 220 V of alternating or direct current shall be used. In rooms without increased hazard, a voltage of 220 V may be used for permanently installed lighting fixtures irrespective of the installation height. At a suspension height of less than 2.5 m, luminaires of special design of protection class 2 or 3, or with a voltage not exceeding 50 V, shall be used. The supply of luminaires with a voltage up to 50 V shall be carried out from step-down transformers, motor converters or storage batteries. The use of autotransformers, chokes and rheostats for these purposes shall be prohibited. The housings of step-down transformers and their secondary windings shall be earthed. The use of stationary luminaires as portable ones shall be prohibited. Only portable luminaires of industrial manufacture shall be used.
81. Metal scaffolding, metal guards of the work site, shelves and trays for laying cables and wires, the rail tracks of lifting structures and vehicles with an electric drive, and the housings of equipment, machines and mechanisms with an electric drive shall be earthed (neutralised) immediately after their installation in place, before the start of any work.
82. The wiring of temporary electrical networks with a voltage up to 1000 V used in the electricity supply of construction sites shall be made with insulated wires or cables on supports or structures designed for mechanical strength when wires and cables are laid on them, at a height above the level of the ground or decking of not less than: 3.5 m - over passages; 6.0 m - over driveways; 2.5 m - over workplaces.
83. Switches, knife switches and other switching electrical apparatus used in the open air or in damp workshops shall be of protected design.
84. Electrical starting devices shall be placed so that the possibility of starting machines, mechanisms and equipment by unauthorised persons is precluded. The switching-on of several current collectors by a single starting device shall be prohibited. Distribution boards and knife switches shall be equipped with locking devices.
85. Socket outlets for rated currents up to 20 A located outside premises, and also similar socket outlets located inside premises but intended for supplying portable electrical equipment and hand tools used outside premises, shall be protected by residual current devices with a trip current of not more than 30 mA, or each socket outlet shall be supplied from an individual isolating transformer with a secondary winding voltage of not more than 50 V.
86. The use of the structures of floor slabs, the columns of buildings and equipment for securing lifting structures to them during repair and installation work without the written permission of the employer or another official authorised by the employer shall be prohibited.
87. The removal of chips, cuttings, dust and dirt from equipment or mechanisms shall be carried out by the workers working on the given equipment (mechanisms) only with the equipment and mechanisms fully switched off, using cleaning means that preclude injury to workers. The cleaning of parts of equipment and mechanisms, and also of fittings and instruments that are energised, shall be prohibited.
88. In production premises with periodic or continuous flow of liquids over the floor surface (water, acids, alkalis, organic solvents, mineral oils, emulsions, neutral, alkaline or acidic solutions and other liquid), the floors shall be impervious to these liquids and have slopes for the drainage of liquids to trays, drains or channels. Drains and channels for the drainage of liquids at floor surface level shall be covered with covers or gratings. Drainage trays shall be located to the side of passages and driveways and shall not cross them. Devices for the drainage of surface water (trays, ditches, channels, drains and their gratings) shall be cleaned and repaired in good time.
89. To prevent the exposure of workers to harmful production factors (an unfavourable microclimate, noise, vibration, dust and harmful substances in the air of the working area), it is necessary to: 1) identify the work areas where harmful production factors caused by the technology and conditions of the performance of work may arise; 2) determine the means of protection of workers; 3) provide, where necessary, special measures for the storage of hazardous and harmful substances.
90. When carrying out construction operations using construction machines, mechanisms or other process equipment, it is necessary to provide for: 1) the selection of types of machines, the places of their installation and the operating modes in accordance with the parameters provided for by the technology of work and the conditions of the performance of work; 2) actions limiting the operating zone of machines to prevent the occurrence of a hazardous zone in places where people are present, and also the use of guards for the machine operating zone; 3) special conditions for the installation of machines in the zone of the soil collapse prism, on fill soil or on a hillside.
91. The commissioning of stationary process equipment installed on construction sites (concrete or mortar plants, construction hoists, compressor stations and the like) is carried out by a joint decision of the workers responsible for ensuring labour protection during the performance of construction work at the given site and for the safe operation of the given type of equipment.
92. The switching-on (starting) and operation of vehicles, construction machines, process equipment and other means of mechanisation shall be carried out by the worker to whom they are assigned and who has the right to operate that means. Leaving vehicles, construction machines, process equipment and other means of mechanisation unattended with the engine running (switched on) shall be prohibited.
93. Before the start of work in confined and enclosed spaces in which the appearance of hazardous gas is possible, including in tanks, wells, trenches and prospecting pits, an analysis of the air environment shall be carried out. When hazardous gases appear, the performance of work in the given place shall be suspended and continued only after the workplaces have been provided with ventilation (airing) and (or) the workers have been provided with the necessary personal protective equipment.
94. The use of polymer materials and products with explosive and toxic properties, and also of construction raw materials and materials, including polymer and synthetic materials, production waste for reprocessing and reuse, and scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metals (scrap metal), without familiarisation with the instructions for their use, shall be prohibited.
95. When storing materials containing harmful or explosive solvents, the risks of the occurrence of ignition and the release of harmful substances shall be precluded.
96. Before carrying out the maintenance and repair of process equipment and mechanisms, they shall be brought into a state in which the possibility of spontaneous switching-on and setting them in motion is precluded. On the starting devices ensuring the switching-on (switching-off) of the power supply, posters shall be posted indicating that the equipment is under repair and its start-up is prohibited. The drive belts shall be removed from the working pulleys, and appropriate pads shall be placed under the starting pedals. During maintenance and repair, the assembly units of equipment or a vehicle that are able to move under the action of their own weight shall be blocked mechanically or lowered onto a support, precluding the possibility of their spontaneous movement. The repair of equipment and mechanisms during their operation shall be prohibited.
97. Parts of equipment removed during repair shall be placed stably in specially designated places. Round parts shall be stacked using stops. The removal of the assemblies and parts of a machine tool shall be carried out using special appliances and devices.
98. Work at height, including with the use of means of mechanisation, tooling, appliances and means of scaffolding (electric hoists, jacks, cargo winches, cradles, scaffolds, mobile scaffolding, ladders, step-ladders), portable hand-held machines and tools (electric drills, electric saws, chipping and riveting pneumatic hammers, sledgehammers, hacksaws and others), shall be carried out in accordance with the labour protection rules for work at height, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 610 of 19 June 2012 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Article 3528). Workers operating means of mechanisation, tooling, appliances, means of scaffolding, portable hand-held machines and tools shall, before the start of work, be trained in safe methods and techniques of work with their use in accordance with the labour protection requirements, the manufacturers' instructions and the labour protection instructions developed by the employer.
99. Winches used for moving lifting scaffolds and installed on the ground shall be loaded with ballast, the weight of which shall be at least twice the pulling force of the winch. The ballast shall be secured to the winch frame. The number of turns of the rope on the winch drum with the load in the lowest position shall be not less than two.
100. The surface of the ground on which the means of scaffolding are installed shall be graded (levelled and compacted), ensuring the drainage of surface water from it. In cases where it is impossible to meet these requirements, the means of scaffolding are equipped with adjustable supports to ensure the horizontality of installation or with temporary support structures ensuring the horizontality of installation of the means of scaffolding.
101. Means of scaffolding located in the immediate vicinity of vehicle driveways shall be fenced off with buffer beams.
102. Suspended ladders and platforms used for work on structures shall be installed and secured to the structures being erected before the latter are lifted.
103. The places where leaning ladders are installed in areas of movement of vehicles or people shall, for the duration of the work, be fenced off or guarded. Scaffolding and other means of scaffolding with platforms fenced with railings shall be used when carrying out work: 1) near and above rotating operating machines and conveyors; 2) using hand-held machines and powder-actuated tools; 3) gas-welding and electric-welding work; 4) for tensioning wires and supporting heavy parts at height.
104. The employer shall, within the framework of the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, develop actions ensuring the safety of workers, associated with the hazards and their sources that pose a threat to the life and health of workers during the dismantling (demolition) of buildings and structures (hereinafter - buildings) in the process of their reconstruction or demolition.
105. The dismantling (demolition) of buildings shall be carried out on the basis of the decisions provided for in the organisational and technological documentation for the performance of work. These decisions shall be taken after a survey of the general condition of the building, and also of the foundations, walls, columns, vaults and other structures. Based on the results of the survey, an act is drawn up, on the basis of which a decision is taken on: 1) the selection of the method of dismantling (demolition); 2) the establishment of the sequence of work precluding the spontaneous collapse of structures; 3) the establishment of hazardous zones under the adopted dismantling (demolition) method and the use, where necessary, of protective guards; 4) the temporary or permanent securing or strengthening of the structures of the building being dismantled to prevent the accidental collapse of structures; 5) actions for dust suppression during the demolition of structures and their loading; 6) safety measures for work at height; 7) the slinging schemes for the dismantling of structures and equipment.
106. Before the start of work, it is necessary to familiarise the workers with the decisions provided for in the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations and to conduct a briefing on safe methods of work. The removal of unstable structures during the dismantling of a building shall be carried out in the presence of the person in charge of the work (the performing authority).
107. Work on the dismantling (demolition) of buildings is carried out after actions associated with the resettlement of the citizens living in them (the departure of the organisations located there), disconnection from the water supply, heat supply, gas supply and electricity supply networks, sewerage and process product pipelines, and the taking of measures against damage to them.
108. During the dismantling (demolition) of buildings, access to them by unauthorised persons not involved in the performance of work shall be prohibited. The work areas for the dismantling (demolition) of buildings shall be fenced off. The passage of workers into the premises during dismantling shall be closed.
109. During the dismantling (demolition) of buildings by mechanised means, the zones hazardous to people shall be established, and the machines (mechanisms) shall be placed outside the zone of collapse of structures. The operator's cabin shall be protected against the possible ingress of chipped-off particles, and the workers shall be provided with protective goggles.
110. Workers engaged in the dismantling of buildings, and also in the removal of waste and debris, shall be provided with respiratory protective equipment against airborne dust and micro-organisms (mould, fungi, their spores).
111. Places with the possible appearance of gas or harmful substances shall be ventilated before workers are admitted to them. In the event of the unexpected appearance of gas, work shall be stopped and the workers shall be led out of the hazardous zone. Workers working in places with the possible appearance of gas shall be provided with protective means (breathing apparatus).
112. The dismantling (demolition) of buildings (dismantling of structures) shall be carried out sequentially from top to bottom. The dismantling (demolition) of buildings simultaneously in several tiers along a single vertical shall be prohibited.
113. During the dismantling (demolition) of buildings, passages to the workplaces shall be left. During the dismantling of the roof and external walls, workers shall use systems for ensuring the safety of work at height.
114. During the dismantling of cornices and overhanging parts of a building, standing on the wall shall be prohibited. The performance of work shall not be permitted during icing, fog, rain that precludes visibility within the work front, thunderstorms, wind with a speed of 6 m/s or more, or wind gusts of 10 m/s or more.
115. During the dismantling (demolition) of buildings, the spontaneous collapse or falling of structures shall be prevented. Unstable structures located in the work zone shall be removed or secured, or strengthened, in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations. The undercutting of chimneys, stone pillars and piers by hand, and also causing their collapse onto a floor slab, shall be prohibited.
116. During the dismantling (demolition) of buildings by the "toppling" method, the length of the attached cables (ropes) shall be 3 times the height of the building.
117. During the dismantling of buildings by the blasting method, the established safety requirements shall be observed.
118. During the dismantling of structures and equipment with the help of lifting structures, the requirements of the Rules shall be observed. The methods of release and the slinging schemes for the structures being dismantled shall correspond to the methods of release and slinging schemes provided for in the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations.
119. Materials obtained from the dismantling (demolition) of buildings, and also construction debris, shall be lowered through closed chutes or in closed boxes or containers using lifting structures. The lower end of the chute shall be not higher than 1 m above the ground or shall enter a hopper. Debris may be dropped without chutes or other appliances from a height of not more than 3 m. The hazardous zones in these places shall be fenced off. The dimensions of the hazardous zone are established in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation for the performance of work.
120. The employer shall, within the framework of the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources that pose a threat to the life and health of workers when carrying out work with the location of workplaces in pits and trenches involving the opening of soil to a depth of more than 30 cm (with the exception of ploughing work), the driving and sinking of piles during the construction of facilities and structures of all types, underground and surface engineering networks and utilities, as well as the filling of soil to a height of more than 50 cm (hereinafter - earthworks).
121. Where there are occupational risks caused by the established hazards, the safety of earthworks shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the organisational and technological documentation for the performance of work: 1) determination of the safe steepness of the unsupported slopes of pits and trenches (hereinafter - excavations), taking into account the load from construction machines and soil; 2) determination of the types and designs of shoring for the walls of pits and trenches, the places and technology of their installation, and also the places for installing ladders for the descent and ascent of people; 3) selection of the types of machines used for excavating soil, and the places of their installation; 4) additional actions to control and ensure the stability of slopes in connection with seasonal changes.
122. To preclude the erosion of soil, the formation of landslides and the collapse of the walls of excavations, at the places where earthworks are performed, before their start, the drainage of surface and underground water shall be ensured. The place where work is performed shall be cleared of boulders, trees and construction debris.
123. The performance of earthworks in the protection zone of high-voltage cables, an operating gas pipeline or other utilities, and also in areas with possible pathogenic contamination of the soil (landfills, cattle burial grounds, cemeteries and the like), shall be carried out under a permit to work. The performance of work in these conditions shall be carried out under the direct supervision of the person in charge of the work (the performing authority), and, in the protection zone of live cables or operating gas pipelines, in addition, under the supervision of the workers of the organisations operating these utilities.
124. Soil may be excavated in the immediate vicinity of operating underground utilities only with the use of shovels, without the use of impact tools. Excavating machines may be used at the places where excavations cross operating utilities not protected against mechanical damage subject to agreement with the organisations owning the utilities.
125. In the event of the discovery, during the performance of earthworks, of utilities, underground structures or explosive materials not indicated in the organisational and technological documentation for the performance of work, the earthworks shall be suspended.
126. When workplaces are located in excavations, their dimensions shall be sufficient for the placement of structures, equipment and tooling, passages to the workplaces not less than 0.6 m wide, and also the necessary space in the work zone.
127. Excavations developed on streets, driveways, in the courtyards of populated areas, and also in other places where people may be present, shall be fenced off with protective guards. On the fencing, warning inscriptions and (or) signs shall be installed, and, at night, signal lighting.
128. For the passage of people across excavations, transition bridges shall be provided. For the passage to the workplaces in excavations, walkways or flight stairs not less than 0.6 m wide with guards, or leaning ladders (wooden - not more than 5 m long), shall be installed.
129. During the performance of work, workers may be present in excavations with vertical walls without shoring in sandy, silty-clayey and thawed soils where these excavations are located above the groundwater level, where there are no underground structures in the immediate vicinity of them, and also at a depth of not more than: 1) in unconsolidated fill and naturally deposited sandy soils - 1.0 m; 2) in sandy loams - 1.25 m; 3) in loams and clays - 1.5 m. The specified depth of excavations may be increased in frozen soils, except loose-frozen ones, by the depth of soil freezing, but by not more than 2 m, at an average daily air temperature below minus 2 °C. Work involving the presence of workers in pits, trenches and excavations with slopes without shoring in non-rock soils above the groundwater level (taking into account capillary rise) or in soils drained by artificial water lowering may be carried out at an excavation depth and slope steepness in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation, taking into account the slope steepness depending on the type of soil provided for in Appendix No. 4 to the Rules. In the case of stratification of different types of soil, the slope steepness is established according to the least stable type of soil against slope collapse.
130. The steepness of the slopes of excavations with a depth of more than 5 m, and also with a depth of less than 5 m under hydrological conditions and certain types of soil, and also of excavations developed in winter, upon the onset of a thaw, and of slopes subjected to wetting, shall be established by the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations.
131. When shoring is installed, its upper part shall project above the edge of the excavation by not less than 15 cm.
132. Before admitting workers into excavations more than 1.3 m deep, the condition of the slopes and the reliability of the shoring of the excavation walls shall be checked by the worker responsible for ensuring the safe performance of work. Boulders and stones, and also detachments of soil, found on the slopes shall be removed.
133. Workers may be admitted into excavations with slopes that have been subjected to wetting after inspection by the worker responsible for ensuring the safe performance of work of the slopes and the condition of the unstable soil in places where "overhangs" or cracks (detachments) have been found.
134. Excavations developed in winter shall, upon the onset of a thaw, be inspected, and, based on the results of the inspection, measures shall be taken to ensure the stability of the slopes and shoring.
135. The excavation by rotary and trench excavators in cohesive soils (loams and clays) of excavations with vertical walls without shoring may be carried out to a depth of not more than 3 m. In places where the presence of workers is required, shoring shall be installed or slopes shall be excavated. When removing soil from excavations by means of buckets, protective canopy-visors shall be installed to protect the workers in the excavation.
136. Shoring shall be installed in a top-to-bottom direction as the excavation is dug to a depth of not more than 0.5 m.
137. The excavation of soil in excavations by "undermining" shall not be permitted. Soil removed from an excavation shall be placed at a distance of not less than 0.5 m from the edge of that excavation.
138. When excavating excavations in soil with a single-bucket excavator, the height of the face shall be determined by the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations in such a way that no soil "overhangs" are formed during the work.
139. During the operation of the excavator, it shall not be permitted to carry out other work on the side of the face or for workers to be located at a distance closer than 5 m from the excavator's operating radius.
140. The dismantling of shoring in excavations shall be carried out from bottom to top as the excavation is backfilled, unless otherwise provided for by the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations.
141. During mechanical impact loosening of soil, the presence of workers at a distance closer than 5 m from the loosening sites shall not be permitted.
142. One-sided backfilling of cavities during the construction of retaining walls and foundations may be carried out in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation after actions ensuring the stability of the structure have been carried out and the methods and procedure for backfilling have been established.
143. During the excavation, transportation, unloading, levelling and compaction of soil by two or more self-propelled or towed machines (scrapers, graders, rollers, bulldozers) moving one behind another, the distance between them shall be not less than 10 m.
144. The unloading of road transport at the construction site shall be carried out in specially designated and equipped places that preclude the falling of transport, collisions with workers and the obstruction of driveways, passageways and evacuation routes, taking into account the labour protection rules for loading and unloading operations and the placement of loads, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution No. 610 of 19 June 2012 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Art. 3528).
145. The excavation of soil by bulldozers and scrapers when they are moving uphill or downhill on a gradient whose angle of inclination exceeds that specified in the data sheet of the bulldozer or scraper shall be prohibited.
146. The presence of workers and other persons in areas where soil compaction work is carried out by soil-compacting machines with free-falling rammers, at a distance closer than 20 m from the soil-compacting machine, shall not be permitted.
147. Where it is necessary to use construction machinery in difficult conditions (cutting soil on a slope, clearing debris), construction machinery equipped with protective devices that prevent the exposure of workers to hazardous production factors arising in these conditions (falling objects and overturning) shall be used.
148. In the case of electric heating of soil, the voltage of the power source shall not be higher than 380 V. The heated section of soil shall be fenced off, safety signs shall be installed on the fencing, and it shall be lit at night. The distance between the fencing and the contour of the heated section shall be not less than 3 m. The presence of workers and other persons in the heated section shall not be permitted.
149. Temporary power supply lines to heated sections of soil shall be made with insulated wire, and after each relocation of electrical equipment and re-laying of electrical wiring the insulation resistance shall be measured with a megohmmeter.
150. When excavating soil by the hydromechanisation method, the labour protection requirements shall be complied with.
151. Within the framework of the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, the employer shall analyse the following hazards and their sources that pose a threat to the life and health of workers during the construction of artificial foundations and the performance of drilling work:
152. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of the construction of artificial foundations and drilling work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the organisational and technological documentation for the performance of work: 1) determination of the methods and selection of mechanisation means for carrying out the work; 2) establishment of the sequence of performance of the work; 3) development of the scheme for the installation and dismantling of equipment and its movement around the site; 4) determination of the range and required quantity of collective protective equipment needed for use in the design of machines and in the arrangement of workplaces.
153. The distance between installed pile-driving or drilling machines and structures located in the immediate vicinity is determined by the organisational and technological documentation. During the operation of these machines, a danger zone shall be established at a distance of not less than 15 m from the mouth of the borehole or the pile-driving location.
154. The movement of pile-driving and drilling machines shall be carried out along a previously planned horizontal path with the structure of the machines in the transport position.
155. When driving piles with a floating pile driver, its secure mooring to anchors fixed on the shore or on the bottom shall be ensured, as well as communication with the shore by means of standby vessels or a pedestrian bridge. The floating pile driver shall be provided with lifebuoys and a boat. The performance of pile work on rivers and water bodies where the water waves exceed 2 points on the scale shall not be permitted.
156. The driving of piles from ice may be carried out in cases where the organisational and technological documentation provides for special actions to ensure the strength of the ice cover.
157. Drilled boreholes shall be covered with boards or fenced off when work ceases. Warning safety signs and signal lighting shall be installed on the boards and fencing.
158. Vibratory drivers shall be equipped with suspended inventory platforms for the placement of workers who connect the vibratory driver's cap to the casing. The width of the platform decking shall be not less than 0.8 m. The platform decking shall be fenced.
159. The walls of a sinking well shall be equipped from the inside with not less than two fixed suspended ladders.
160. Protective visors shall be installed along the inner perimeter of the sinking well. The dimensions, strength and procedure for installing the visors shall be determined in the organisational and technological documentation.
161. Rooms in which solutions for the chemical stabilisation of soil are prepared shall be equipped with ventilation and appropriate containers for storing the solutions.
162. The installation, dismantling and movement of pile-driving and drilling machines in a wind of 10 m/s or more or during a thunderstorm shall not be permitted.
163. The technical condition of pile-driving and drilling machines (the reliability of the fastening of units, the serviceability of ties and working decking) shall be checked before the start of each shift.
164. Before raising the structures of pile-driving or drilling machines, their elements shall be secured and tools and unsecured objects shall be removed. When raising a structure assembled in a horizontal position, other work shall be stopped within a radius exceeding the length of the structure by 5 m.
165. During the operation of pile-driving or drilling machines, workers not directly involved in the performance of this work shall not be permitted to approach the machines to a distance less than the height of the boom + 5 m.
166. Before the start of drilling or pile-driving work, the following shall be checked: 1) the serviceability of the audible and light signalling devices and of the height limiter for raising the load-handling device; 2) the condition of the ropes for raising the mechanisms and the condition of the load-handling devices; 3) the serviceability of the mechanisms and metal structures.
167. Before starting the inspection, lubrication, cleaning or elimination of any faults of a drilling machine or pile driver, the drilling tool or pile-driving mechanism shall be lowered and placed in a stable position, and the engine shall be stopped and switched off.
168. The lowering and raising of the drilling tool or pile is carried out after a warning signal is given. During the raising or lowering of the drilling tool, the performance of work on the pile driver or drilling machine unrelated to these processes shall be prohibited.
169. The raising of the pile (sheet pile) and the pile-driving hammer shall be carried out with separate hooks. If the pile driver has only one hook for setting the pile, the pile-driving hammer shall be removed from the hook and placed on a reliable stopper bolt. During raising, the pile shall be held against swaying and twisting by means of guy ropes. Simultaneous raising of the pile-driving hammer and the pile shall not be permitted.
170. Piles may be pulled up in a straight line within the pile-driver operator's field of vision only through a diverting block fixed at the base of the pile driver. The pulling up of piles by the pile driver over a distance of more than 10 m and with their deviation from the longitudinal axis shall be prohibited.
171. The installation of piles and pile-driving equipment is carried out without interruption until they are fully secured. Leaving piles and pile-driving equipment suspended shall not be permitted.
172. When submerging piles by means of vibratory drivers, a tight and reliable connection of the vibratory driver to the pile cap shall be ensured, as well as a free state of the ropes supporting the vibratory driver.
173. The vibratory driver shall be switched on only after it has been secured to the pile and the supporting pulley blocks have been slackened. The slackened state of the pulley blocks shall be maintained throughout the operation of the vibratory driver. At every interruption in work, the vibratory driver shall be switched off.
174. When submerging shell piles, the access of workers to the suspended platform to attach the vibratory driver's cap or the next section of the shell pile to the shell pile being submerged may take place only after the structure being fed has been lowered by the crane to a distance of not more than 30 cm from the top of the shell pile being submerged.
175. When cutting (chopping off) the heads of piles driven into the soil, the following safety measures shall be provided for to preclude the sudden falling of the part being removed: 1) the cutting (chopping off) of pile heads shall be started after the completion of the pile submersion work and the drawing up of the work acceptance and handover certificate, with the mandatory attachment of the as-built diagram; 2) when cutting (chopping off) the heads of piles projecting above the decking to a height of more than 1 m, inventory metal scaffolding shall be used, and when carrying out this work at a height of more than 1.8 m, fencing not less than 1.1 m high shall be installed; 3) at a great height of the part of the pile being cut off, where there is a threat of deformation of the reinforcement bars and falling of the pile, before the start of work the upper part of the pile shall be slung above the centre of gravity of the part being cut off, and the slings and load cables of the crane shall be taut; 4) the simultaneous cutting (chopping off) of the heads of two adjacent piles shall be prohibited.
176. The sequence of excavating soil beneath the edge of the cutting shoe of the sinking well shall ensure its stability. The depth of soil excavation from the edge of the well's cutting shoe is determined in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation. The excavation of soil lower than 1 m from the edge of the well's cutting shoe shall not be permitted.
177. When excavating unstable soils with water drainage or where there is a layer of such soils above the well's cutting shoe, measures shall be provided for to ensure the rapid evacuation of people in the event of a sudden breakthrough of soil and flooding of the well.
178. Equipment and pipelines intended for carrying out soil freezing work shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations.
179. Construction operations in the zone of artificial soil stabilisation by freezing may be carried out only after the frozen-soil barrier has reached the design thickness. The permission to carry out the work shall be formalised by a local regulatory act of the employer.
180. The removal of soil from a pit having a frozen-soil barrier may be carried out where there is protection of the frozen wall from rain and sunlight. During the work, measures shall be taken to protect the frozen-soil barrier from mechanical damage.
181. The procedure for monitoring the dimensions and temperature of the frozen-soil barrier of the pit during the freezing and thawing of the soil shall be determined by the organisational and technological documentation.
182. Pipelines, hoses and injectors used in injection work for the chemical stabilisation of soils (by silicatisation and other means) shall be subjected to hydraulic tests at a pressure equal to one and a half times the working pressure, but not lower than 0.5 MPa.
183. Autoclave-type silicate boilers and other devices that are under pressure during operation shall be subjected to regular technical examinations and periodic hydraulic tests.
184. Within the framework of the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, the employer shall analyse the hazards and their sources that pose a threat to the life and health of workers during the preparation, feeding, placement and curing of concrete, the fabrication and installation of reinforcement, and the installation and dismantling of formwork (hereinafter - the performance of concrete work).
185. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of concrete work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) determination of the mechanisation means for the preparation, transportation, feeding and placement of concrete; 2) determination of the load-bearing capacity, the sequence of installation and the procedure for dismantling the formwork, and the development of its design; 3) development of actions to ensure the safety of workplaces at height; 4) development of actions for the curing of concrete in the cold and warm seasons.
186. During the construction of monolithic and monolithic-brick buildings and structures, the following methods of carrying out work ensuring labour safety shall additionally be used: 1) pouring concrete into formwork using truck-mounted concrete pumps and concrete-distributing booms; the pouring of concrete using a bucket shall be carried out to an extremely limited extent; 2) pouring concrete into formwork and compacting it with vibrators while standing on inventory suspended platforms with protective fencing not less than 1.1 m high; 3) carrying out the installation and dismantling of formwork and the pouring and compaction of concrete by workers with at least 1 year of experience in independently performing work at height. The acceptance and compaction of concrete by workers standing on the formwork in a "standing" position shall be prohibited.
187. During the construction of monolithic and monolithic-brick buildings and structures, the dismantling of formwork shall be carried out under a permit to work. The dismantling of formwork shall be carried out by not less than two workers under the supervision of a team leader or an engineering and technical worker.
188. Metal formwork used for the construction of a monolithic building or structure shall be equipped with special devices permanently mounted on the panels or removable, in the form of vertical or horizontal brackets, to ensure the safety of the movement of workers along this formwork and the possibility of attaching the systems used for ensuring the safety of work at height. The layout diagrams of the brackets on the formwork panels shall be specified in the organisational and technological documentation.
189. Cement shall be stored in silos, bunkers, bins and other closed containers, taking measures against dispersion during loading and unloading. Loading openings shall be covered with protective grilles, and the hatches in the protective grilles shall be locked. The cleaning of storage bunkers shall be carried out under the supervision of a worker responsible for ensuring the safe performance of the work. Breaking up oversized pieces of materials on the bunker grilles with hand tools shall not be permitted.
190. When using steam to heat inert materials located in bunkers or other containers, measures shall be applied to prevent the penetration of steam into working premises. The descent of workers into chambers heated by steam may take place after the steam supply has been shut off and the chamber and the materials and products in it have cooled to a temperature below 40 °C.
191. The placement on the formwork of equipment and materials not provided for by the organisational and technological documentation, as well as the presence of workers not directly involved in the performance of work on the installed formwork structures, shall not be permitted.
192. For workers to move from one workplace to another, ladders, transfer bridges and gangways shall be used.
193. After a part of the sliding formwork and suspended scaffolding has been cut off, the end sides shall be fenced.
194. To protect workers from falling objects on suspended scaffolding, "visors" with a width not less than the width of the scaffolding shall be installed along the outer perimeter of the sliding and movable formwork.
195. Walking on laid reinforcement may take place only on special decking not less than 0.6 m wide laid on the reinforcement cage.
196. In sections where reinforcement is being tensioned, protective fencing not less than 1.8 m high shall be installed at places where people pass. Devices for tensioning reinforcement shall be equipped with alarm signalling that is activated when the drive of the tensioning device is switched on. The presence of workers at a distance closer than 1 m from reinforcement bars heated by electric current shall be prohibited.
197. When using concrete mixtures with chemical additives, protective gloves and goggles shall be used.
198. Workers placing concrete mixture on a surface having a gradient of more than 20° shall use appropriate systems for ensuring the safety of work at height.
199. The trestle for feeding concrete mixture by dump trucks shall be equipped with buffer beams. Passages not less than 0.6 m wide shall be provided between the buffer beams and the fencing. Transverse buffer beams shall be installed on dead-end trestles. When cleaning the dump-truck body of concrete-mixture residues, workers shall be prohibited from being in its body.
200. The fabrication and enlargement assembly of reinforcement shall be carried out in places specially designated for this purpose.
201. The zone of electric heating of concrete shall have protective fencing, light signalling and safety signs.
202. The operation of mixing machines shall be carried out in compliance with the following requirements: 1) the cleaning of pits for loading buckets shall be carried out after the bucket has been securely fixed in the raised position; 2) the cleaning of the drums and troughs of mixing machines may be carried out only after the machine has been stopped and the voltage removed.
203. When carrying out reinforcement fabrication work, it shall be necessary to: 1) install protective fencing of the workplaces intended for unwinding coils (skeins) and straightening reinforcement; 2) when cutting reinforcement bars with machines into lengths of less than 0.3 m, use devices that prevent them from flying apart; 3) install protective fencing of the workplaces when processing reinforcement bars projecting beyond the dimensions of the workbench, and, in addition, at double-sided workbenches, divide the workbench in the middle with a longitudinal metal protective mesh not less than 1 m high; 4) place the fabricated reinforcement in specially designated places; 5) cover with boards the end parts of reinforcement bars at common passages having a width of less than 1 m.
204. The elements of reinforcement cages shall be packaged taking into account the conditions of their lifting, storage and transportation to the installation site.
205. The movement of a loaded or empty bunker (bucket) may take place only with the gate closed.
206. Before starting to place concrete mixture with a vibrating trunk, the serviceability and reliability of the fastening of its links to one another and to the safety rope shall be checked.
207. When feeding concrete by means of a concrete pump, it shall be necessary to: 1) remove workers from the concrete pipeline during blow-out to a distance of not less than 10 m; 2) lay the concrete pipelines on spacers to reduce the effect of the dynamic load on the reinforcement cage and formwork when feeding concrete.
208. The removal of a blockage in the concrete pipeline with compressed air may be carried out provided that: 1) there is a protective board at the outlet opening of the concrete pipeline; 2) workers are located at a distance of not less than 10 m from the outlet opening of the concrete pipeline; 3) air is fed into the concrete pipeline evenly, without exceeding the permissible pressure. Where it is impossible to remove the blockage in the concrete pipeline, the pressure in it shall be released, the location of the blockage shall be found by tapping, the concrete pipeline shall be disconnected and the blockage removed or the clogged link replaced.
209. When installing formwork elements in several tiers, each subsequent tier shall be installed after the lower tier has been secured.
210. The dismantling of formwork shall be carried out after the concrete has reached the specified strength. The minimum strength of the concrete when stripping loaded structures, including from their own load, is determined by the organisational and technological documentation and agreed with the design organisation.
211. When dismantling formwork, measures shall be taken against the accidental falling of formwork elements and the collapse of supporting scaffolding and structures.
212. When moving formwork sections and mobile scaffolding, measures ensuring the safety of workers shall be taken. Workers not involved in this operation shall be prohibited from being on the formwork sections or the mobile scaffolding.
213. When compacting concrete mixture with electric vibrators, moving one by the live cables shall not be permitted, and during interruptions in work and when moving from one place to another the electric vibrators shall be switched off.
214. When making technological openings for the passage of pipelines in concrete and reinforced-concrete structures with diamond core drills, the danger zone at the place where the core is expected to fall shall be fenced off.
215. During the electric heating of concrete, the installation and connection of electrical equipment to the supply network shall be carried out by workers from among the electrical personnel who hold an electrical safety group of not lower than III.
216. In the electric-heating zone, insulated flexible cables or wires in a protective hose shall be used. Laying wires directly on the soil or on a layer of sawdust, as well as wires with damaged insulation, shall not be permitted.
217. The zone of electric heating of concrete shall be under round-the-clock supervision by electricians carrying out the installation of the electrical network. The presence of workers and the performance of work in these areas shall not be permitted, with the exception of work carried out under a permit to work in accordance with the labour protection rules for the operation of electrical installations, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation.
218. Exposed (non-concreted) reinforcement of reinforced-concrete structures connected to a section under electric heating shall be subject to earthing (neutral earthing).
219. After each relocation of the electrical equipment used in the heating of concrete to a new place, the insulation resistance shall be measured with a megohmmeter.
220. Within the framework of the labour protection management system, the employer shall analyse the hazards and their sources that pose a threat to the life and health of workers during the installation of structural elements, pipelines and equipment (hereinafter - the performance of installation work).
221. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of installation work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) determination of the make of the crane equipment, its load-and-height characteristics, its installation locations and danger zones during its operation, the technical methods for its safe installation, and the methods for lifting and installing the load-bearing structures to be assembled that preclude their imbalance, instability or skewing during these operations; 2) ensuring the safety of workplaces at height; 3) determination of the sequence of installation of the structures; 4) ensuring the stability of the structures and parts of the building during assembly; 5) determination of the schemes and methods for the enlargement assembly of structural elements; 6) the order (sequence) of installation of structural elements to preclude their collapse as a result of loss of stability; 7) the use of ladders, decking, scaffolds, platforms, lifting cages, installation cradles and other similar means, fencing and mobile working platforms.
222. In the section (work zone) where installation work is carried out, the performance of other work and the presence of unauthorised persons shall not be permitted.
223. During the construction of buildings and structures, the performance of work involving the presence of people in one work zone (section) on floors (tiers) above which the movement, installation and temporary fixing of elements of prefabricated structures and equipment are carried out shall be prohibited. Where it is impossible to divide buildings and structures into separate work zones (sections), the simultaneous performance of installation and other construction work on different floors (tiers) may be carried out only in cases provided for by the organisational and technological documentation, where there are reliable interfloor slabs between them (substantiated by an appropriate calculation for the action of impact loads).
224. The use of installed structures for attaching to them load pulley blocks, diverting blocks and other installation devices may take place only with the agreement of the design organisation that produced the working drawings of the structures.
225. The installation of the structures of buildings (structures) shall be started from the spatially stable part (a bracing cell, a stiffening core and others).
226. The installation of the structures of each overlying floor (tier) of a multi-storey building shall be carried out after the installed assembly elements have been secured in accordance with the design and the concrete (mortar) in the joints of the load-bearing structures has hardened to the strength specified in the organisational and technological documentation.
227. The painting and anti-corrosion protection of structures and equipment, in cases where they are carried out at the construction site, shall be performed before they are raised to the design level. After raising, the painting or anti-corrosion protection shall be carried out only at the joints and connections of the structures.
228. The unpacking and de-preservation of equipment to be installed shall be carried out in a zone allocated in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation and performed on special racks or spacers not less than 1 m high. During the de-preservation of equipment, the use of materials with explosive and fire-hazardous properties shall not be permitted.
229. During the installation of frame buildings, the subsequent tier of the frame may be installed only after the enclosing structures or temporary fencing on the previous tier have been installed.
230. The installation of the stair flights and landings of buildings (structures), as well as of goods-and-passenger construction hoists (lifts), shall be carried out simultaneously with the installation of the building structures. Fencing shall be installed on the assembled stair flights without delay.
231. During the installation of the structures of buildings or structures, the installers shall be located on previously installed and secured structures or scaffolding means. The presence of workers on structural and equipment elements during their lifting and movement shall be prohibited.
232. Suspended installation platforms, ladders and other devices needed by workers for work at height shall be installed on the structures being assembled before they are raised.
233. For workers to move from one structure to another, ladders, transfer bridges and gangways having fencing shall be used.
234. The movement of installers along installed structures and their elements (trusses, crossbars and others) on which it is impossible to provide the required width of passage (not less than 0.4 m) with fencing installed, without the use of a fall-arrest system, shall be prohibited. The places and method of fastening the rope and the length of its sections shall be specified in the organisational and technological documentation for construction operations.
235. The installation of enclosing panels shall be carried out with the use of appropriate systems for ensuring the safety of work at height specified in the organisational and technological documentation.
236. The presence of workers under structural and equipment elements being installed before they are set in the design position shall not be permitted. Where it is necessary for workers to be under the equipment (structures) being installed, special actions ensuring the safety of the workers shall be carried out.
237. Suspended metal ladders more than 5 m high shall be equipped with a vertical steel safety rope of not less than 6 mm in diameter with a fall arrester for attaching the carabiner of the fall-arrest harness, or shall be enclosed with metal hoops with vertical ties, and shall also be attached to the structures or equipment. The ascent of workers on suspended ladders to a height of more than 10 m may take place where the ladders are equipped with rest platforms at intervals not exceeding 10 m in height.
238. Guy ropes for the temporary fixing of the structures being assembled shall be attached to the supports. The number of guy ropes, their materials and cross-section, the methods of tensioning and the places of fastening are established by the organisational and technological documentation. The guy ropes shall be located outside the movement clearances of transport and construction machines. The guy ropes shall not touch the sharp corners of other structures. The bending of guy ropes at the places where they come into contact with elements of other structures may take place only after the strength and stability of these elements under the effect of the forces from the guy ropes have been checked.
239. The elements of the structures or equipment being assembled shall, during movement, be held against swaying and rotation by flexible tag lines.
240. The slinging of structures and equipment shall be carried out by means enabling remote unslinging from the working level in cases where the height to the lock of the load-gripping device exceeds 2 m.
241. Before the start of erection work, the procedure for the exchange of signals between the worker directing the erection and the operator of the lifting appliance shall be established. Signals shall be given by a signaller from among the slingers, appointed by the worker responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting appliances, except for the "Stop" signal, which may be given by any worker who has noticed a hazard. In particularly critical cases (when lifting structures using complex rigging or the turning method, when sliding large-size and heavy structures, or when lifting them with two or more mechanisms), work on moving loads shall be carried out under the direct supervision of the worker responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting appliances.
242. The slinging of the elements being erected shall be carried out at the locations indicated in the working drawings, and their lifting and delivery to the installation location shall be ensured in a position close to the design position. The lifting of building structure elements that do not have erection lugs, holes or the marking and marks ensuring their slinging and erection shall be prohibited.
243. The cleaning of the structural elements to be erected from dirt and ice shall be carried out before they are lifted.
244. The elements being erected shall be lifted smoothly, without jerks, swinging or rotation. Structures shall be lifted in two stages: first to a height of 20 cm to 30 cm, then, after checking the reliability of the slinging, further lifting shall be carried out.
245. During breaks in work, leaving lifted structural elements and equipment suspended shall not be permitted.
246. Structural elements or equipment installed in the design position shall be secured so that their stability and geometric invariability are ensured. The unslinging of structural elements and equipment installed in the design position shall be carried out after their permanent or temporary securing in accordance with the design. Moving installed structural elements or equipment after their unslinging, except in cases of the use of erection tooling provided for by the organisational and technological documentation, shall not be permitted.
247. Until the alignment and securing of the installed elements is completed, the resting of higher-located structures on them shall not be permitted, unless this is provided for by the organisational and technological documentation.
248. Carrying out erection work at height in open areas at a wind speed of 10 m/s or more, or during glaze ice, a thunderstorm or fog that preclude visibility within the work front, shall be prohibited. Work on moving and installing vertical panels and similar structures with a large windage shall be stopped at a wind speed of 6 m/s or more.
249. When erecting structures from rolled blanks, measures shall be taken against spontaneous coiling of the roll.
250. When assembling horizontal cylindrical vessels consisting of separate shell rings, wedge chocks and other devices precluding the possibility of spontaneous rolling of the shell rings shall be used.
251. Enlarged assembly and the completion of manufacture of structures and equipment to be erected shall be carried out at places specially designated for this purpose.
252. The moving of structures or equipment by several lifting or pulling devices shall be carried out in accordance with the organisational and technological documentation, under the direct supervision of the workers responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting appliances. In this case, the load acting on each lifting or pulling device shall not exceed its lifting capacity.
253. The employer shall, within the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources posing a threat to the life and health of workers when carrying out masonry work.
254. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of masonry work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) the arrangement of workplaces, indicating the design and installation location of the necessary staging means, load-gripping devices, containerisation means and packaging; 2) the sequence of work, taking into account the provision of stability of the structures being erected; 3) the determination of the design and installation locations of means of protection against a worker falling from height and against objects falling in the immediate vicinity of the building; 4) additional safety measures to ensure the stability of the masonry during the cold season.
255. Masonry shall be carried out from inter-floor slabs or staging means. The height of each tier of the wall is established so that the level of the masonry after each raising of the staging means is at least two courses above the level of the new working deck.
256. The design of the staging means and the permissible loads on them shall comply with the requirements provided for in the organisational and technological documentation. Carrying out masonry while standing on the wall of the building shall be prohibited.
257. The laying of cornices projecting more than 30 cm from the plane of the building wall shall be carried out from external scaffolds or suspended staging means having a working deck width of at least 0.6 m. Materials shall be placed on staging means installed on the inner side of the building wall.
258. When laying the walls of a building to a height of up to 0.7 m from the working deck and where the distance from the masonry level on the outer side to the ground surface (slab) is more than 1.8 m, guarding (catching) devices shall be used, and where their use is impossible - appropriate systems for ensuring the safety of work at height shall be used.
259. When moving and delivering bricks, ceramic stones and small blocks to workplaces by lifting appliances, pallets, containers and load-gripping devices provided for by the organisational and technological documentation and having devices that preclude the load from falling during lifting shall be used.
260. Work involving the installation, cleaning or removal of protective canopies shall be carried out using protective means in accordance with the requirements of the Rules. Walking on the canopies, using them as staging, and stacking materials on them shall not be permitted.
261. The dressing of natural stones within the territory of the construction site shall be carried out at specially designated places, at which the presence of workers not involved in this work shall not be permitted. Workplaces located less than 3 m apart from each other shall be separated by protective screens.
262. The laying of walls below and at the level of a slab constructed from precast reinforced concrete slabs shall be carried out from the staging of the storey below. Installing floor slabs without a kerb previously laid of brick two courses above the slabs being laid shall not be permitted.
263. The pointing of the external joints of the masonry shall be carried out from the slab or staging means after the laying of each course of masonry. Workers shall be prohibited from being on the wall of the building during this operation.
264. The installation of cornice fastenings, facing slabs and the formwork of brick lintels shall be carried out in accordance with the working documentation. The removal of the temporary fastenings of the cornice elements and of the formwork of brick lintels may be carried out after the concrete has hardened to the strength established by the organisational and technological documentation.
265. When facing the walls of a building with large concrete slabs, the requirements established by the design and technological documentation shall be observed.
266. When laying or facing the external walls of multi-storey buildings, carrying out work during a thunderstorm, snowfall or fog that preclude visibility within the work front, or at a wind speed of more than 15 m/s, shall be prohibited.
267. For masonry structures made by the freezing method, the organisational and technological documentation shall define the method of thawing the structures (artificial or natural) and shall indicate the actions to ensure the stability and geometric invariability of the structures during the period of thawing and strength gain of the mortar.
268. During the period of natural thawing and hardening of the concrete in masonry structures made by the freezing method, continuous monitoring of it shall be established. The presence in the building or structure of workers not involved in the actions to ensure the stability of these structures shall not be permitted.
269. The employer shall, within the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources posing a threat to the life and health of workers when carrying out finishing work (plastering, painting, facing and glazing).
270. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of finishing work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) the arrangement of workplaces and their provision with the necessary staging means and other small-scale mechanisation means required for carrying out the work; 2) when using compositions containing harmful and fire-hazardous substances, measures shall be taken to ensure ventilation and fire safety.
271. Workplaces for carrying out finishing work at height shall be equipped with staging means and stepladders for climbing onto them. Carrying out finishing work from non-inventory staging means shall be prohibited.
272. When working with harmful or flammable and explosion-hazardous materials, the premises shall be continuously ventilated during the work and for 1 hour after its completion, using natural or mechanical ventilation.
273. The areas above which glazing or facing work is carried out shall be fenced off. Carrying out glazing or facing work on several tiers along one vertical line shall be prohibited.
274. At places where paint compositions that form explosive vapours are used, the electrical wiring and electrical equipment shall be de-energised or made in an explosion-proof design; work using fire in these premises shall not be permitted.
275. Heating and drying premises with braziers and other devices that release products of fuel combustion into the premises shall be prohibited.
276. When carrying out work with mortars containing chemical additives, personal protective equipment (rubber gloves, protective goggles and others) shall be used in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the composition being used.
277. During the dry cleaning of surfaces and other work involving the release of dust and gases, and during mechanised filling and painting, respirators and protective goggles shall be used.
278. When cleaning surfaces with acid or caustic soda, work shall be carried out wearing safety goggles, rubber gloves and an acid-resistant apron with a bib.
279. When applying mortar to a ceiling or vertical surface, protective goggles shall be used.
280. When carrying out work on the preparation and application of paint compositions, the safety requirements contained in the instructions of their manufacturers shall be observed.
281. The use of solvents based on benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons or methanol shall not be permitted.
282. When carrying out painting work using pneumatic painting units, the following shall be complied with: 1) checking the serviceability of the equipment, the protective earthing and the signalling system before starting work; 2) preventing the hoses from kinking and from touching moving steel ropes during the work; 3) switching off the air supply and closing the air valve during a break in work or when malfunctions of the unit mechanism are detected. Frozen hoses shall be thawed in a warm room. Thawing hoses with an open flame or steam shall not be permitted.
283. Containers with fire- and explosion-hazardous materials (varnishes, nitro-paints and others) shall, during breaks in work, be closed with stoppers or lids and opened with a tool that does not cause sparking.
284. When working with a mortar pump, the following shall be complied with: 1) removing mortar plugs and carrying out repair work only after disconnecting the mortar pump from the mains and relieving the pressure; 2) purging the mortar pump when there are no people within a zone of 10 m or closer; 3) holding the nozzle, when applying mortar, at an angle to the surface being plastered and at a distance from it in accordance with the operating documentation of the mortar pump.
285. The lifting and carrying of glass to its installation location shall be carried out using appropriate devices or in special packaging.
286. The cutting of glass shall be carried out in a horizontal position on special tables at a positive ambient temperature.
287. The employer shall, within the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources posing a threat to the life and health of workers during the fabrication and assembly (erection) of wooden structures.
288. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of the assembly (erection) of wooden structures shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) ensuring the safety of workplaces at height; 2) determining the sequence of installation of the structures; 3) ensuring the stability of the structures and parts of the building during assembly; 4) determining the schemes and methods of the enlarged assembly of structural elements; 5) safety measures when carrying out work on treating wooden structures with antiseptics and fire-retardant impregnations.
289. For the erection of wooden structures and for carrying out other types of work, a temporary decking shall be laid over the beams of the inter-floor and attic slabs.
290. The staging means from which the erection of wooden structures is carried out shall not be connected to or rested on these structures until their final securing.
291. Antiseptic and fire-retardant compositions shall be prepared in separate premises with forced ventilation. Access of unauthorised persons to the places where these compositions are prepared shall be prohibited.
292. The treatment of wooden structures with antiseptic compositions during any work in adjacent premises or during adjacent work in the same room shall not be permitted.
293. The employer shall, within the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources posing a threat to the life and health of workers when carrying out insulation work (waterproofing, thermal insulation and anti-corrosion work).
294. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of insulation work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) the arrangement of workplaces, indicating the methods and means for ensuring ventilation, fire extinguishing, protection against thermal burns, lighting and carrying out work at height; 2) special safety measures when carrying out work in enclosed spaces, apparatus and vessels; 3) safety measures during the preparation and transport of hot mastics and materials.
295. At work areas and in premises where insulation work involving the release of harmful and fire-hazardous substances is carried out, the performance of other work and the presence of unauthorised persons shall not be permitted.
296. Insulation work on process equipment and pipelines shall be carried out before their installation or after their permanent securing.
297. When carrying out insulation work inside apparatus or enclosed spaces, workplaces shall be provided with ventilation (airing) and local lighting from an electrical mains with a voltage of no more than 12 V, with fittings in an explosion-proof design.
298. Workplaces for carrying out insulation work at height shall be equipped with staging means with guardrails and stepladders for climbing onto them. Carrying out insulation work from non-inventory staging means shall be prohibited.
299. Before the start of insulation work in apparatus and other enclosed vessels, the electric motors shall be switched off, blanking plugs shall be installed on the supply process pipelines, and notices (signs) warning of work being carried out inside the apparatus shall be hung up at the appropriate places.
300. When carrying out insulation work using hot bitumen, workers shall wear special suits with the trousers worn over the boots.
301. When moving hot bitumen manually at workplaces, metal cans in the shape of a truncated cone with the wide part facing downwards, with closing lids and locking devices, shall be used.
302. When lowering hot bitumen into an excavation pit or raising it onto staging or a slab, cans with closed lids, moved inside a box enclosed on all sides, shall be used. Climbing (descending) leaning ladders with cans of hot bitumen shall be prohibited.
303. Boilers for cooking and heating bitumen mastics shall be equipped with instruments for measuring the temperature of the mastics and with closing lids. Exceeding the temperature of cooking and heating bitumen mastics above the norm established by the technological documentation shall not be permitted.
304. A bitumen boiler may be filled to no more than 3/4 of its capacity. The filler loaded into the boiler shall be dry. The entry of ice and snow into the boiler shall not be permitted.
305. The use of devices with an open flame for heating bitumen mastics indoors shall be prohibited.
306. When preparing a primer consisting of solvent and bitumen, the bitumen shall be poured into the solvent while stirring it with wooden stirrers. The temperature of the bitumen at the time of preparing the primer shall not be higher than the norm established by the technological documentation. Pouring solvent into molten bitumen, and also preparing the primer with leaded petrol or benzene, shall be prohibited.
307. When carrying out work using hot bitumen by several working units, the distance between them shall be at least 10 m.
308. When preparing and pouring polyurethane foam, the following requirements shall be met: 1) the heating of the polyurethane foam components shall be carried out using closed heaters and without the use of an open flame; 2) when carrying out technological operations, the components getting onto the skin of workers shall be prevented; 3) when carrying out work on preparing the working compositions and pouring, smoking, lighting a fire and carrying out welding work within a zone with a radius of up to 25 m shall not be permitted.
309. Glass wool and slag wool shall be delivered to the place of work in containers or packages, observing conditions that preclude dispersion.
310. For fastening meshes under the plastering of the surfaces of building structures, binding wire shall be used.
311. On the surfaces of structures or equipment, after they have been covered with thermal insulation materials fastened with binding wire for the purpose of preparation for coating insulation, there shall be no protruding ends of wire.
312. When carrying out thermal insulation work, the gap between the surface being insulated and the working deck of the scaffolds shall not exceed the distance equal to twice the thickness of the insulation by more than 50 mm.
313. The employer shall, within the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources posing a threat to the life and health of workers when carrying out roofing work for the construction of flat and pitched roofs from various roofing materials.
314. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of roofing work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) the arrangement of workplaces at height, the routes of passage of workers to the workplaces, and special safety measures when working on a roof with a slope; 2) safety measures during the preparation and transport of hot mastics and materials; 3) the methods and means for lifting materials and tools onto the roof, the procedure for their storage, and the sequence of the work. Roofing work carried out at height without protective guardrails shall be carried out using restraint, positioning and fall-arrest systems and (or) rope access systems in accordance with a permit to work.
315. Roofing work by the gas-flame method shall be carried out under a permit to work providing for safety measures.
316. When carrying out roofing work by the gas-flame method, the following safety requirements shall be met: 1) the cylinders shall be installed vertically and secured in special stands; 2) trolley stands with gas cylinders may be installed on roof surfaces having a slope of up to 25 per cent. When carrying out work on roofs with a greater slope, special platforms shall be constructed for the stands with cylinders; 3) during work, the distance from the burners (horizontally) to groups of gas cylinders shall be at least 10 m, to gas pipelines and rubber-fabric hoses - 3 m, and to individual cylinders - 5 m. Keeping highly flammable and flammable materials in the immediate vicinity of the place where work using burners is carried out shall be prohibited.
317. When combustible and low-combustible insulation is used in the roof structure, the gluing of bitumen roll materials by the gas-flame method shall be carried out in accordance with the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations.
318. The places where roofing work carried out by the gas-flame method is performed shall be provided with at least two evacuation exits (stairways), as well as with primary fire-extinguishing means.
319. When carrying out work on flat roofs that do not have permanent guarding, the workplaces shall be fenced off in accordance with the labour protection requirements. On low-slope roofs that do not have permanent guarding, stationary anchor points for the means used to ensure the safety of work at height shall be provided.
320. For the passage of workers carrying out work on a roof with a slope of more than 20 per cent (12°), and also on a roof with a covering not designed for loads from the weight of the workers, walkways at least 0.3 m wide with cross-planks for foot support shall be used. The walkways shall be secured for the duration of the work.
321. When carrying out work on a roof with a slope of more than 20 per cent (12°), appropriate systems for ensuring the safety of work at height shall be used, or the work shall be carried out from scaffolds. The places for securing the means for ensuring the safety of work at height shall be indicated in the organisational and technological documentation.
322. Small-capacity cranes used for delivering materials during the construction of roofs shall be installed and operated in accordance with the operating documents of the manufacturer. The lifting of the load shall be carried out in containers or packaging.
323. In the immediate vicinity of the building, at the places of lifting the load and carrying out roofing work, the boundaries of hazardous zones shall be marked.
324. Carrying out roofing work during glaze ice, fog that precludes visibility within the work front, a thunderstorm, wind at a speed of 6 m/s or more, or wind gusts at a speed of 10 m/s or more shall not be permitted.
325. Roofing work on pitched roofs shall be carried out using scaffolds (including suspended ones), facade or truck-mounted hoists. Roofing work on the installation (hanging) of finished gutters, funnels and pipes, as well as caps and cowls for chimney and ventilation pipes, and on covering parapets and cornice mouldings, and also on finishing overhangs, shall be carried out using scaffolds, facade or truck-mounted hoists. The use of leaning ladders for these works shall be prohibited.
326. The employer shall, within the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources posing a threat to the life and health of workers during the installation of engineering equipment of buildings and structures (the laying of pipelines and the installation of plumbing, heating, ventilation and gas equipment).
327. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, safety during the installation of engineering equipment of buildings and structures shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) the arrangement of workplaces, indicating the methods and means for ensuring ventilation, fire extinguishing and carrying out work at height; 2) the methods and means of delivery and installation of the equipment; 3) safety measures when carrying out work in trenches and wells; 4) special safety measures during the pickling and degreasing of pipelines.
328. The fabrication and fitting of pipes shall be carried out in fabrication workshops. Carrying out this work on staging intended for the erection of pipelines shall be prohibited.
329. Work to eliminate design defects and rectify deficiencies on installed equipment that has been subjected to testing shall be carried out only after the development and approval of the actions for the safety of the work.
330. The installation and removal of jumpers (connections) between installed and operating equipment, and also the connection of temporary installations to operating systems (electrical, steam, technical and others) without the written permission of a person appointed by an order of the employer, shall not be permitted.
331. The erection of pipelines and air ducts on trestles shall be carried out from inventory staging equipped with ladders for the ascent and descent of workers. Ascending and descending the trestle structures shall not be permitted.
332. The presence of workers under equipment being installed and under the assembly units of equipment and pipelines before their final securing shall be prohibited.
333. The moving of pipes in a shored trench shall be carried out with the adoption of measures against disturbing the shoring of the trench. Rolling pipes into the trench using crowbars and levers, and also using the shoring struts of the trenches as supports for the pipes, shall not be permitted.
334. In premises where degreasing is carried out, using an open flame and allowing sparking shall be prohibited. The electrical installations in these premises shall be in an explosion-proof design.
335. Work on the degreasing of pipelines shall be carried out in premises equipped with supply-and-exhaust ventilation. When carrying out work in the open air, workers shall be positioned on the windward side.
336. The place where degreasing is carried out shall be fenced off and marked with safety signs.
337. Workers engaged in the degreasing of pipelines shall be provided with appropriate breathing apparatus, protective clothing, mittens and rubber gloves.
338. The erection of equipment, pipelines and air ducts in the immediate vicinity of electrical wires (within a distance equal to the greatest length of the assembly unit or section of pipeline being erected) is carried out with the voltage removed or with the electrical wires protected against mechanical damage by dielectric casings. Where it is impossible to remove the voltage, the work shall be carried out under a permit to work.
339. During the blowing-out of pipes with compressed air, being in chambers and wells in which gate valves, valves, cocks and other shut-off valves are installed shall be prohibited.
340. During the blowing-out of pipelines, shields shall be installed at the ends of the pipes to protect the eyes from scale and sand. Being opposite or in the immediate vicinity of the unprotected ends of the pipes being blown out shall be prohibited.
341. During the assembly operations of pipelines and equipment, the aligning of holes and the checking of their coincidence in the parts being assembled shall be carried out using a special tool (tapered mandrels, assembly pins and others). Checking the coincidence of the holes in the parts being assembled with the fingers shall not be permitted.
342. During the installation of equipment, the possibility of its spontaneous or accidental switching-on shall be excluded.
343. During the installation of equipment using jacks, measures shall be taken to preclude the possibility of skewing or overturning of the jacks.
344. Work under the effect of compressed air is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the Rules.
345. The employer shall, within the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, analyse the hazards and their sources posing a threat to the life and health of workers during the pneumatic and hydraulic testing of installed equipment and pipelines.
346. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of the testing of equipment and pipelines shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design organisational and technological documentation for construction operations: 1) the determination of the programme for carrying out the testing; 2) safety measures when carrying out work in trenches, wells and at height; 3) special safety measures during the pneumatic testing of installed equipment and pipelines, and also during the testing of equipment under load.
347. The testing of installed equipment and pipelines shall be carried out under the direct supervision of specialists of the erection organisation.
348. Before testing equipment, the person in charge of the work shall: 1) familiarise the workers participating in the testing with the procedure for carrying out the work and with the actions for its safe performance; 2) warn the workers of adjacent sections of the time of the testing; 3) carry out a visual check and, where necessary, an instrument check of the fastening of the equipment, the condition of the insulation and earthing of its electrical part, and the presence and serviceability of the fittings, starting and braking devices, monitoring and measuring instruments and blanking plugs; 4) fence off the testing zone and mark it with appropriate signs; 5) where necessary, install an emergency alarm; 6) ensure the possibility of emergency shutdown of the equipment being tested; 7) check for the absence of foreign objects inside and outside the equipment being tested; 8) mark with warning signs the temporary blanking plugs, hatches and flange connections; 9) determine the boundaries of the hazardous zone associated with the testing and establish posts to warn of the hazardous zone at the rate of one post within sight of another, but no less frequently than every 200 m apart; 10) determine the places and conditions for the safe presence of the workers engaged in the testing; 11) make ready the fire-extinguishing means and ensure the preparation of workers capable of working to extinguish a fire; 12) ensure illumination of the workplaces of no less than 50 lux; 13) determine the workers responsible for carrying out the actions to ensure safety provided for by the testing programme.
349. The elimination of deficiencies on the equipment being tested that are detected during the testing shall be carried out after it has been switched off, brought to a complete stop and the pressure relieved.
350. Simultaneous hydraulic testing of several pipelines mounted on the same supporting structures or trestle may be carried out where the supporting structures or trestles are designed for the corresponding loads.
351. Where pipelines are in the immediate vicinity of residential buildings or public or industrial buildings in use, their pneumatic testing may be carried out provided that the window and door openings of these buildings that are within the boundaries of the established hazardous zone are closed off with protective barriers (shields, gratings). It shall not be permitted to carry out pneumatic testing of pipelines in operating workshops, nor on trestles, in ducts and trays in which operating pipelines are laid.
352. Inspection of the equipment during testing may be carried out after the test pressure has been reduced to the working pressure.
353. During the purging of equipment and pipelines after testing, protective barriers (screens) shall be installed in front of open hatches and branch pipes.
354. Testing of equipment and pipelines under load shall be carried out after they have been tested under no-load conditions.
355. Testing of equipment may be started only after timely warning of the persons in the vicinity and obtaining the permission of the person in charge of the testing. During the testing of equipment, it shall not be permitted to: remove protective barriers; open hatches, guards, clean and lubricate the equipment, or touch its moving parts; carry out the checking and correction of electrical circuits, electrical equipment and automation devices.
356. During pneumatic testing of pipelines, the safety valves shall be adjusted to the corresponding pressure.
357. Tapping of welded seams directly during the testing of pipelines and equipment shall not be permitted.
358. The connection and disconnection of the lines supplying air from the compressor to the pipeline being tested may be carried out only after the air supply has been stopped and the pressure reduced to atmospheric.
359. For the duration of pneumatic testing of pipelines located in trenches, the boundaries of the hazardous zone shall be established. The presence of workers in the hazardous zone during the pumping of air into the pipeline and during the holding of the pipeline under pressure in the strength test shall not be permitted.
360. Inspection of pipelines may be carried out only after the pressure has been reduced: 1) in steel and plastic pipelines - to 0.3 MPa; 2) in cast-iron, reinforced-concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines - to 0.1 MPa. Defects in pipelines shall be eliminated after the pressure has been reduced to atmospheric.
361. Within the framework of the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, the employer shall analyse the hazards and their sources, taking into account the specifics of construction operations, that pose a threat to the life and health of workers during the performance of electrical installation and commissioning work (the installation and commissioning of switchgear; the installation and commissioning of electrical machines and transformers; the installation of storage batteries; the installation and commissioning of electric drives and crane equipment (hereinafter - the crane); the installation of power and lighting networks, overhead power transmission lines and cable lines).
362. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of electrical installation and commissioning work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational-technological documentation for construction operations: 1) additional protective actions when carrying out work in operating electrical installations; 2) safety measures when carrying out start-up and commissioning work; 3) ensuring safety when carrying out work at height; 4) safety measures when working with harmful substances; 5) actions to ensure fire safety.
363. In rooms in which the installation of storage batteries is carried out, before the start of work on soldering and filling the cells with electrolyte, the finishing work shall be completed, the ventilation, heating and lighting systems shall be tested, and containers with solutions for neutralising acids and alkalis shall be installed in accessible places.
364. Acid electrolyte shall be prepared in lead-lined or rubber-lined steel containers. The use of glass or enamelled vessels for diluting the electrolyte shall be prohibited.
365. Before the start of the installation of the crane's electrical equipment, permanent decking with guards shall be installed. Temporary placement of raised equipment may be carried out only in specially designated places equipped with guards and edge elements.
366. When installing electrical equipment in an operating workshop, the crane shall be placed on a repair dead-end track, and the crane's trolley conductors shall be switched off and earthed.
367. The straightening of wires, wire rod and metal strips using winches and other devices shall be carried out on specially fenced-off areas where there are no exposed electrical installations or lines that are live.
368. When installing wire-rope wiring, its final tensioning shall be carried out only after the intermediate supports have been installed. During the tensioning of the wire rope, holding on to it and being in the tensioning zone shall be prohibited.
369. When pulling a cable through openings in walls, workers shall be positioned on both sides of the wall. The distance from the wall to the extreme position of the workers' hands shall be no less than 1 m.
370. The lighting of burners and soldering lamps and the heating of cable compound and molten solder shall be carried out at a distance of no less than 2 m from the cable manhole. Molten solder and heated cable compound shall be lowered in special ladles or closed containers with the use of protective goggles.
371. When heating cable compound in an enclosed space, the ventilation (airing) of the space shall be ensured.
372. Before the start of the drying of electrical machines and transformers by electric current, their casings shall be earthed. The drying of transformers in their own tank or in a special metal tank by the induction-loss method shall be carried out while taking measures to prevent contact with the magnetised winding.
373. It shall not be permitted to carry out work or to be within a distance of less than 50 m from the place of testing of air circuit breakers. The safety valve on the air receiver shall be adjusted and tested for a pressure not exceeding the working pressure by more than 10 per cent. When carrying out work involving the presence of persons inside the air receiver, the valves on the pipelines for supplying air to the air receiver shall be closed with the installation of locks, and warning notices shall be hung up. The drain valves shall be open and marked with notices or inscriptions.
374. The fuses in the circuits of voltage transformers and power transformers on which commissioning work is being carried out shall be removed. At the place from which the fuses are to be removed, a prohibitory notice "Do not switch on. People at work" is hung up.
375. Where it is necessary to supply operating electric current for the commissioning of installed electrical circuits and electrical installations, warning notices (signs) shall be placed on them. Work not connected with commissioning shall be stopped, and the workers engaged in this work shall be removed.
376. Before the start of start-up and commissioning work on switchgear, the supply lines and the lines running to other substations shall be disconnected from the equipment and earthed.
377. The connection of installed electrical circuits and electrical equipment to operating electrical networks shall be carried out by the operating service of these networks. It shall not be permitted to use or connect, as temporary electrical networks and electrical installations, electrical networks, switchgear, boards or panels that have not been accepted, or to carry out, without the permission of the commissioning organisation, electrical installation work on electrical installations that have been assembled and handed over for commissioning.
378. When carrying out start-up and commissioning work on a newly installed electrical installation, working voltage may be supplied to it by the operating personnel only after the operating regime has been introduced at the electrical installation and where there is a written request from the person in charge of the start-up and commissioning work. Temporary supply of voltage of up to 1000 V may be carried out for start-up and commissioning work under the permanent scheme to boards, control stations and power assemblies for which the operating regime has not been introduced, but in this case the duties for carrying out the actions ensuring safe working conditions under the applied voltage are assigned by an act of the employer to the person in charge of the start-up and commissioning work.
379. The lifting, movement and installation of disconnectors and other knife-type apparatus are carried out in the "On" position, and of apparatus fitted with return springs or free-release mechanisms - in the "Off" position.
380. When adjusting circuit breakers and disconnectors connected to drives, measures shall be taken to prevent their spontaneous or unforeseen switching on or off.
381. The fuses of the circuits of the apparatus being installed shall be removed for the duration of the installation.
382. Before the start of start-up and commissioning work on switching apparatus, the following shall be done: 1) bring the spring and weight drives of the switching apparatus into the non-operating position; 2) switch off the operating circuits, signalling circuits, drive power circuits and heating circuits; 3) close and lock the gate valves on the pipelines supplying air to the breaker tanks and on the pneumatic drives, and release the air contained in them; 4) hang notices on the remote-control keys and buttons "Do not switch on. People at work".
383. Simultaneous work on the drives and on the switching apparatus shall be prohibited.
384. When working on current transformers, the leads of the secondary windings, until the installation of the circuits connected to them is fully completed, shall be short-circuited at the transformer terminals and earthed. The leads of voltage transformers shall be earthed for the duration of the installation.
385. When measuring insulation resistance during drying by electric current, the power supply to the magnetising winding and the working windings shall be switched off.
386. During checks and measurements involving the supply of voltage, being on the cover of the power transformer shall be prohibited.
387. The soldering (welding) of electrodes in battery rooms may be carried out no earlier than 2 hours after the completion of the charging of the storage battery.
388. Voltage and electrolyte density shall be measured while wearing rubber gloves and a respirator and standing on an insulating rubber mat.
389. The checking of the condition of the pole terminals of the batteries shall be carried out while wearing dielectric gloves. When tightening the bolts connecting the batteries to one another, measures shall be taken against accidental contact of the spanner with the plates of batteries of different polarity.
390. The drawing of wires through pull-through boxes, casings, pipes and blocks in which live wires are laid, as well as the laying of wires and cables in pipes, trays and boxes that are not secured in accordance with the organisational-technological documentation, shall not be permitted.
391. Measurements of the insulation resistance of wires and cables using a megohmmeter shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the labour protection rules for the operation of electrical installations.
392. When installing an overhead power transmission line, it is necessary to: 1) earth the sections of the installed power transmission line, with distances between the earth electrodes of no more than 3 km; 2) position the wires or lifting ropes at a height of no less than 4.5 m, and in places where transport passes - at a height of no less than 6 m. During the tensioning of the wire, the presence of workers on the side of the internal angle shall not be permitted.
393. When unwinding a cable from a drum, the cable shall be unwound from its upper part. The unwinding of a cable from a drum may be carried out only where there is a braking device.
394. When heating a cable by electric current, it shall not be permitted to apply a voltage higher than 380 V. The casings of electrical machines used for heating, at a voltage higher than 50 V, as well as the metal sheath of the cable, shall be earthed; fire-fighting means shall be placed at the heating sections and a duty watch shall be established.
395. The trial operation of electric drives may be carried out after communication has been established between the workers located at the control console, at the control board and at the mechanisms.
396. The setting of travel and limit switches, sensors and other automation devices shall be carried out with the voltage of the power circuits switched off.
397. Electrical installation and commissioning work in operating electrical installations shall be carried out after the voltage has been removed from the current-carrying parts located in the work zone, after they have been disconnected from the operating part of the electrical installation, after visible breaks in the electrical circuit have been provided and after the disconnected current-carrying parts have been earthed. The work zone shall be separated from the operating part of the electrical installation by a solid or mesh barrier that prevents workers from passing into that part.
398. The passage of workers and the movement of the machinery of the installation organisation into the fenced-off work zone shall not involve crossing rooms and areas in which operating electrical installations are located.
399. The allocation to the installation organisation of the work zone, the taking of measures to prevent the erroneous supply of voltage into it, and the fencing-off from the operating part with an indication of the places of passage of workers and movement of machinery shall be documented by an admission certificate, and the performance of work by the workers of the installation organisation shall be documented by a permit to work.
400. In cases where installation work is to be carried out in operating outdoor or indoor switchgear, the work shall be carried out under a permit to work. In this case, admission to the work shall be carried out by the workers of the operating organisation. The passage of workers and the movement of machinery through the territory of the operating part of the switchgear to the fenced-off work zone may be carried out only when accompanied by a worker of the operating organisation authorised to do so. The observing worker shall monitor the integrity of the temporary barriers of the workplaces and of the warning notices, the prevention of the supply of working voltage to the disconnected current-carrying parts, and compliance by the members of the installation team with safe distances to the current-carrying parts remaining live.
401. Working voltage to newly installed electrical installations shall be supplied by decision of a worker from among the electrical engineering personnel of the operating organisation. Where it is necessary to eliminate the deficiencies detected, the electrical installation shall be switched off and transferred to the category of non-operating installations by dismantling the loops, busbars and down-leads to the equipment or by disconnecting the cables. The current-carrying parts that have not been switched off shall be short-circuited and earthed for the duration of the work to eliminate the deficiencies.
402. Within the framework of the labour protection management system and taking into account paragraph 5 of the Rules, the employer shall analyse the hazards and their sources that pose a threat to the life and health of workers during the performance of work on the driving of mine workings (hereinafter - the driving work) and other work involving the placement of workplaces in underground workings (hereinafter - the underground work).
403. Where there are occupational risks caused by the identified hazards, the safety of the driving work shall be ensured on the basis of compliance with the labour protection requirements contained in the design and organisational-technological documentation for construction operations: 1) determination of the procedure for the excavation of rock, as well as the temporary and permanent support of the working, taking into account the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the work site; 2) selection of mechanisation means for the excavation and loading of rock, the transportation of rock and materials (structures) and the construction of the permanent support; 3) schemes and designs for the ventilation of underground workings; 4) schemes and designs for the pumping-out of water; 5) actions for the prevention and elimination of accidents; 6) ensuring the integrity and preservation of underground and above-ground utilities, buildings and structures.
404. Before the start of work on the driving of mine workings, the workers shall be familiarised, against signature, with the geological and hydrogeological conditions at the work site. Where the geological or hydrogeological conditions of the work change, creating the possibility of accidents arising, the underground work shall be suspended and measures shall be taken to prevent and eliminate the emergency situation.
405. For each underground construction facility, an accident response plan shall be approved, and the workers shall be trained in the rules of conduct during possible accidents. Each site shall be provided with a stock of tools, materials, fire-extinguishing means and other means necessary for the elimination of accidents, as well as with instructions for their use.
406. Before the start of work on the driving of mine workings, actions to ensure the preservation of underground and above-ground utilities, buildings and structures shall be carried out.
407. The excavated rock, the remains of materials, the dismantled supports and the unused equipment shall be removed during driving. It shall not be permitted to obstruct the passages and rail tracks of underground workings.
408. During the driving of mine shafts and tunnels, artificial ventilation with local extraction from the areas where drilling-and-blasting and welding work is carried out shall be ensured.
409. When carrying out work in mine workings whose condition poses a danger to workers, except in cases of carrying out work to eliminate the dangers with the use of the necessary safety means, they shall be closed to access by workers.
410. The power supply of the working and emergency electric lighting of underground workings shall be provided from different sources.
411. Electrical equipment used in underground workings shall, where explosive conditions are present, be of explosion-proof design.
412. The support of the mouth of the mine shaft shall rise above the level of the levelled platform by no less than 0.5 m. The mouth is covered with a solid decking, on which the storage of rock and materials shall be prohibited. A free passage no less than 1 m wide is left around the mouth.
413. During the driving of mine shafts, the workers located in the face shall be protected from objects falling from above by a safety decking situated no higher than 4 m from the level of the ground being excavated.
414. In a vertical mine shaft sunk to a depth of up to 20 m, a compartment for the descent of persons into the underground working shall be arranged, equipped with a ladder with handrails and separated from the cargo compartment by a solid lining. Where the depth of a vertical mine shaft is more than 20 m, mechanised descent and ascent of persons shall be provided.
415. The temporary support of mine workings shall be carried out in accordance with the approved organisational-technological documentation for the performance of work. Where the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the work site change, the organisational-technological documentation for the performance of work shall be revised.
416. The amount of lag of the lining (permanent support) behind the face of the underground working shall not exceed the maximum permissible amount. The section of the working between the face and the lining shall be supported by temporary support or protected by the structures of the tunnelling shield. The temporary support shall be wedged along its contour, and the voids between the support and the surface of the working shall be backfilled.
417. For the entire period of the mining work, supervision shall be established over the condition of the temporary support of the workings and over the conformity of the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the work site to the conditions specified in the organisational-technological documentation.
418. The excavation of rock during the driving of workings with a full face or in benches shall be carried out in all cases starting from the upper part of the face, except for faces excavated using mechanised complexes.
419. When using tipping-body wagons for the removal of rock, it shall be prohibited to load them above the sides and to leave them unaccompanied during movement.
420. During the driving of tunnels with shields: 1) the assembled shield, its mechanisms and devices may be put into operation only after their acceptance under a local regulatory act of the employer; 2) the ground shall be excavated only within the limits of the shield hood; 3) in unstable, weak ground the face front shall be supported with temporary support, and in loose ground shields with horizontal platforms shall be used, the number of which shall be provided for on the basis of the conditions for ensuring the stability of the ground on the platforms; 4) the shield shall be moved in the presence of the shift foreman or the performing authority, without allowing the presence of workers at the face, except for the workers observing the support.
421. During the driving of mine workings in frozen ground: 1) the performance of work may be carried out only after a closed frozen contour of the design thickness has been formed and the design temperature of the ground has been reached; 2) during driving, monitoring of the temperature of the frozen rock shall be organised; where damp patches appear, as well as where the temperature of the rock in the control boreholes rises, measures shall be taken to ensure the safety of the work; 3) it shall not be permitted to carry out the driving of mine workings in frozen ground with the temporary support lagging behind the face front.
422. During the horizontal jacking of pipes, the presence of workers inside them may be permitted where the pipe diameter is no less than 1.2 m and the length is no more than 40 m, and where the possibility of harmful gases, groundwater or quicksand entering the face is excluded. The duration of continuous presence of a worker inside the pipeline shall not exceed 1 hour, with breaks of no less than 30 minutes. A pipeline 10 m or more in length shall be provided with forced ventilation supplying fresh air in the amount of 10 m3/h.
423. The excavation of the face beyond the limits of the knife part of the head of the pipeline being jacked shall not be permitted. The transportation of ground shall be carried out on trolleys whose height shall not exceed half the diameter of the pipe. It shall be prohibited to accumulate ground at the face and to throw it manually along the pipe.
424. During the transportation (movement) and storage of building structures, materials, blanks and waste from construction operations, the technical specifications and other technical documentation of the manufacturing organisations, as well as the labour protection rules for loading and unloading work and the placement of loads, shall be followed. The areas for loading and unloading work shall be levelled and have a gradient of no more than 5°, and their dimensions and surfacing shall conform to the organisational-technological documentation. In appropriate places, inscriptions shall be installed: "Entry", "Exit", "Turnaround" and others.
425. Trestles from which bulk loads are unloaded shall be designed with a certain safety margin to take the full load of a vehicle of a specific make, shall be equipped with indicators of the permissible load capacity, and shall also be fenced at the sides and equipped with wheel-guard beams.
426. On the areas for loading and unloading packaged loads (bales, barrels, rolls and others) stored in warehouses and goods sheds, platforms shall be arranged: trestles and ramps of a height equal to the level of the floor of the vehicle body.
427. Piece loads shall be stacked within the dimensions of the cargo areas of the trolleys. Small piece loads shall be transported in packaging or containers.
428. When moving loads in glass packaging, measures shall be taken to prevent jolts and impacts.
429. The loading, unloading and movement of cylinders and bottles containing acids, alkalis and other caustic substances are carried out in accordance with the labour protection rules for loading and unloading work and the placement of loads.
430. When moving cylinders of compressed gas and drums of calcium carbide, measures shall be taken against jolts and impacts. It shall be prohibited to carry and transport oxygen cylinders together with fats and oils, or with combustible and highly flammable liquids.
431. Heavy piece materials, as well as boxes with loads, shall be moved using special crowbars and other devices.
432. The movement of vehicles on the production territory, the loading and unloading areas and the access roads to them shall be regulated by generally accepted road signs and indicators.
433. For the organisation of the movement of road transport on the production territory of the construction site, schemes of the movement of road transport and the main movement routes for workers shall be developed and installed in prominent places.
434. The parking of road transport indoors with the internal combustion engine running shall be prohibited.
435. The reversing of road transport in the zone in which loading and unloading work is carried out shall be carried out by the driver only on the command of one of the workers engaged in this work.
436. The transportation of highly flammable liquids and gas cylinders is carried out in accordance with the labour protection rules for loading and unloading work and the placement of loads, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 610 of 19 June 2012 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Article 3528), and taking into account the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union <2>. ---------- <2> Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Equipment Operating under Excess Pressure" (approved by decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 41 of 2 July 2013, published in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" on the official website of the Eurasian Economic Commission http://www.eurasiancommission.org/, 20 November 2013). In the hot season, the cylinders shall be covered with a tarpaulin free of greasy (oily) stains.
437. The transport of explosive, radioactive, poisonous, highly flammable and other dangerous loads, as well as of the non-neutralised packaging from under these loads, shall be carried out in accordance with the instructions developed by the employer.
438. The transport of petrol may be carried out only in special tanks or in metal containers with screw plugs. Petrol tankers shall be equipped with earthing chains, and the containers for storing petrol shall be earthed.
439. When operating a forklift truck or an electric forklift truck, it shall be prohibited to: 1) pick up a load with the forks by ramming, through cutting-in; 2) lift the frame with a load on the forks while tilted towards oneself; 3) lift, lower or change the tilt angle of the load while moving; 4) pick up a load lying on pallets while the forks are tilted towards oneself; 5) attempt to lift a frozen-on load, a load of unknown mass, or a load not intended for movement by a forklift truck or electric forklift truck (sheet metal, ventilation ducts and other loads). The speed of movement of the forklift truck in difficult places and when reversing shall be no more than 3 km/h. When people appear (are present) on the path of movement of the forklift truck within a radius of 5 metres, the forklift driver shall give a warning signal, and if they do not leave the movement route, shall stop the forklift and not resume movement until the danger of collision has been eliminated.
440. Loads shall be placed on the fork grips of the forklift truck and electric forklift truck in such a way as to preclude the possibility of the load falling during the picking-up of the load, its lifting, transportation and unloading.
441. When operating a forklift truck or electric forklift truck with a boom, the load shall first be raised slightly and then transported. It shall be prohibited to push the load off the stack and to drag it.
442. Loads transported on wagons shall be in a stable position; where necessary, they shall be secured. The centre of gravity of the load shall be located between the wheel axles.
443. The manual movement of wagons shall be carried out only by pushing. Being in front of a moving wagon shall be prohibited.
444. During the removal of rock in the driving of workings, the maximum speed of movement of wagons along horizontal workings shall not exceed: 4 km/h - for manual haulage; 3.6 km/h - for rope haulage with an endless rope; 5.4 km/h - for haulage with an end rope; 10 km/h - for electric-locomotive haulage.
445. It shall not be permitted to use manual and mechanised haulage of wagons in the same workings. During manual haulage, a light signal shall be installed on the front wall of the wagon.
446. The interval between single wagons moving along the rail track shall be no less than 10 m. The riding of workers on wagons, whether empty or loaded, shall not be permitted.
447. Passages near rail tracks shall have a width of not less than 1 m, measured from the clearance gauge of the rolling stock.
448. Process lines consisting of several units of continuous-transport process equipment installed in sequence and operating simultaneously (conveyors, transporters and the like) shall be equipped with: 1) two-way signalling with control posts; 2) interlocking of the equipment drives ensuring automatic shutdown of that part of the process line which loads a stopped or halted unit.
449. When carrying out work on the transportation (movement) of construction loads using continuous-transport process equipment, the following requirements shall be met: 1) the placement of loads shall ensure uniform loading of the working element of the machine and a stable position of the load; 2) the feeding and removal of the load from the working element of the machine shall be carried out by means of special feeding and receiving devices.
450. During operation of the belt conveyor it shall be prohibited to: 1) eliminate belt slippage on the drum by throwing sand, clay, rosin, bitumen and other materials into the zone between the belt and the drum; 2) clean the supporting rollers, the drums of the drive, tensioning and end stations, or remove spillage from under the conveyor; 3) reposition the supporting rollers, or tension and align the conveyor belt by hand. These works shall be carried out only when the conveyor is fully stopped and disconnected from the mains, with the fuses removed and the starting device closed, on which a prohibitory safety sign "Do not switch on - people at work!" shall be posted.
451. It shall be prohibited to start the belt conveyor when the passages are cluttered and obstructed, or in the absence or malfunction of: 1) guards for the drive, tensioning and end drums; 2) the cable-pull switch; 3) earthing of the electrical equipment, the cable armour or the conveyor frame.
452. To prevent spillage of the transported raw material and the formation of dust in production premises, the covers and chutes of screw conveyors shall be sealed.
453. When working on screw conveyors, it shall be prohibited for workers to: 1) open the covers of screw conveyors before they have stopped and before measures have been taken against involuntary starting of the conveyor, and also walk on the conveyor covers; 2) push through the transported material or objects that have accidentally entered the conveyor, and take samples for laboratory analysis while the screw conveyor is operating; 3) operate the screw conveyor when the screw touches the walls of the casing, or when the covers or seals are faulty.
454. During operation of overhead trolleys and pusher conveyors, measures shall be taken to prevent the falling of materials and products during their transportation. The conveyors shall be equipped with devices that switch off the drives when overloaded.
455. Before starting newly installed or overhauled conveyors, the traction elements and suspended grippers shall be tested in accordance with their operating documentation.
456. The attachment devices of overhead conveyors shall ensure the convenient installation and removal of the transported loads.
457. The drive and turning sprockets of cradle conveyors, the gears and the connecting couplings of the drives shall have solid metal or mesh guards.
458. At places of regular passage of workers and travel of vehicles beneath the conveyor line, metal nets shall be installed to catch loads falling from the conveyor. The installation height of the nets above the ground surface shall correspond to the dimensions of the vehicles used and shall ensure the free passage of workers.
459. Waste from construction operations generated during the dismantling of structures shall be stored at specially designated areas.
of the technical personnel carrying out the construction, for the following period:
actions ensuring the safety of work performance:
1. Presented for inspection are the works ___________________________ (name of the ___________________________________________________________________________ off-site and on-site preparatory works, ___________________________________________________________________________ including those for the provision of sanitary and welfare services for workers)
2. The works have been performed in the volumes established by the organisational and technological documentation for the performance of works ___________________________________________________________________________ (names of the organisations, ___________________________________________________________________________ developers of the organisational and technological documentation, drawing Nos. and the date of their preparation)
3. In the presented works there are no (or there have been permitted) deviations from the established labour protection requirements ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (where deviations exist, it is indicated which requirements of regulatory documents have been violated)
4. Decision of the commission. The works have been performed in full and in accordance with the established labour protection requirements. On the basis of the foregoing, the performance of the main construction, installation and special construction works at this facility is permitted. [table - reproduced in the Russian original]