Order of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation No. 746n of 27 October 2020
Unofficial translation. Only the Russian original published in the official sources of the Russian Federation has legal force. This translation is provided for reference and does not replace the official document.
1. The Labour Protection Rules in Agriculture (hereinafter - the Rules) establish the state regulatory labour protection requirements for the organisation and conduct of the principal production processes for the cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest processing of crop products, for the keeping and care of farm animals and poultry, for land-reclamation work and for work to treat the waste water of the production and primary processing of agricultural products (hereinafter - agricultural work). The requirements of the Rules are mandatory for execution by employers - legal entities regardless of their organisational and legal forms and natural persons (with the exception of employers - natural persons who are not individual entrepreneurs) carrying out agricultural work.
2. Compliance with the Rules is mandatory in the design of new facilities and the development of reconstruction projects for existing facilities for the production of agricultural products, and in the alteration of existing production processes for carrying out agricultural work.
3. The employer shall ensure the safe operation of production buildings, structures, machines, tools and equipment, the safety of production processes, raw materials and materials used in carrying out agricultural work, and their compliance with the state regulatory labour protection requirements, including the requirements of the Rules.
4. On the basis of the Rules and the requirements of the technical (operational) documentation of the manufacturing organisation of special machines, tools and equipment (hereinafter - the manufacturing organisation), and also of the process documents for production processes (work), labour protection instructions for occupations and (or) types of work performed are developed by the employer, which are approved by a local regulatory act of the employer taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or another representative body authorised by the workers carrying out the protection of the facilities (where one exists).
5. Where methods of work, materials, process tooling, equipment and vehicles are used, the requirements for which are not regulated by the Rules, the regulatory legal acts containing the state regulatory labour protection requirements (hereinafter - the labour protection requirements) shall be followed.
6. Workers involved in carrying out agricultural work (hereinafter - the workers) may be exposed to the following harmful and (or) hazardous production factors: 1) moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of process equipment, moving articles, workpieces and materials; 2) collapsing structures of buildings and installations; 3) sharp edges, burrs and roughness on workpieces, tools and equipment; 4) elevated and reduced temperature of equipment surfaces and communications; 5) elevated and reduced temperature of the working-zone air; 6) elevated gas contamination and dustiness of the working-zone air; 7) elevated levels of noise, infrasound, ultrasound and vibration at workplaces; 8) elevated humidity and speed of air movement; 9) elevated levels of static electricity; 10) elevated levels of ionising radiation owing to radioactive contamination of soils, production premises and elements of process equipment; 11) toxic and irritant chemical substances; 12) pathogenic micro-organisms; 13) physical dynamic overloads owing to loads lifted and moved by hand, static load; 14) farm animals, birds and the products of their vital activity (risk of injury, allergic reactions); 15) neuropsychic overloads, monotony of work; 16) hazardous atmospheric phenomena when performing work in the open air; 17) electric current in the event of damage (breaches) to the insulation of electrical installations and hand-held electrified tools.
7. When carrying out work involving the exposure of workers to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, the employer shall take measures to eliminate them or to reduce them to the permissible level of exposure established by the labour protection requirements.
8. The employer, depending on the specific nature of its activity and on the basis of the assessment of the level of occupational risk, may: 1) establish additional safety requirements that do not contradict the Rules. The labour protection requirements shall be contained in the relevant labour protection instructions and shall be communicated to the worker in the form of orders, instructions and briefings; 2) for the purpose of monitoring the safe conduct of work, use instruments, devices, equipment and (or) a complex (system) of instruments, devices and equipment providing remote video, audio or other recording of the processes of performing the work.
9. Document flow in the field of labour protection may be maintained in electronic form using an electronic signature or any other method allowing the identity of the worker to be identified, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
10. To create healthy and safe working conditions during the organisation and conduct of agricultural work, the employer shall ensure the performance of the following general organisational and technical actions: 1) elimination of direct contact of workers with source materials, semi-finished products and production waste that have a harmful effect, and ensuring proper sealing of the process equipment; 2) raising the level of mechanisation and automation of production processes, the use of remote control; 3) carrying out professional selection and training of workers in labour protection and checking their knowledge and skills of safe work practices in accordance with the labour protection requirements; 4) organising the conduct of work involving increased danger performed under a special procedure (under a permit to work), and ensuring control over the safe conduct of this work; 5) providing workers with effective personal and collective protective equipment corresponding to the nature of the manifestation of possible harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, and exercising control over their correct use; 6) applying rational regimes of work and rest to reduce the effect on workers of physical and psychophysiological harmful and (or) hazardous production factors.
11. The labour protection requirements for carrying out agricultural work, established by the Rules and by other labour protection requirements, shall be reflected in separate sections of the process charts (regulations) developed for carrying out such work, approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. For each production process for carrying out agricultural work involving the release of harmful substances, the process documentation shall provide for methods of neutralising and clearing up spilled raw materials, spilled or scattered reagents, and cleaning dust emissions and waste water.
12. In each economic entity carrying out agricultural work, the employer shall ensure the availability of operational documentation for the process equipment used in production processes, including equipment manufactured directly within the economic entity, in accordance with its purpose, design features, operating conditions and the Rules, which documentation provides for the prevention of the occurrence of hazardous situations during operation and for ensuring the safety of workers, and contains: 1) rules for the installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation of the process equipment and methods of preventing possible errors leading to the creation of hazardous situations; 2) requirements for the placement in production premises (at production sites) of stationary process equipment, ensuring convenience and safety during its operation, maintenance and repair, and also requirements for equipping premises and sites with protective means not forming part of the equipment design; 3) information on the permissible levels of noise, vibration, radiation, harmful substances, harmful micro-organisms and other harmful and (or) hazardous production factors generated by the process equipment; 4) the boundary conditions of external effects (temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, solar radiation, wind, icing, vibration, impacts, earthquakes, aggressive gases, electromagnetic fields, harmful radiation, micro-organisms) and effects of the production environment under which the safety of the production equipment is maintained; 5) rules for controlling the process equipment in all its provided operating modes and the actions of workers in the event of hazardous situations (including fire-hazardous and explosion-hazardous ones); 6) requirements for the use by workers of personal and collective protective equipment; 7) methods of timely detection of faults in the built-in protective means and the actions of the worker in such cases; 8) the regulations for safe maintenance of the equipment; 9) rules for ensuring fire safety, explosion safety and electrical safety.
13. Process equipment used for performing seasonal work shall, before being put into operation, be brought into a technically sound condition in accordance with the requirements set out in the manufacturers' operational documentation, and shall be maintained in a sound condition throughout the entire period of operation by carrying out its maintenance and repair. New process equipment, or equipment that has been repaired or kept in preservation for a long time, used in carrying out agricultural work, shall undergo running-in under the supervision of the worker responsible for its technical condition, in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers' operational documentation.
14. The maintenance and repair of continuously operating equipment of increased danger (boilers, heat generators, units for drying grass meal, vessels and installations operating under pressure, gas installations) shall be carried out in accordance with the developed annual maintenance and repair schedules approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer and responsible for its technical condition.
15. Each economic entity carrying out agricultural work shall have a land-management map indicating the longitudinal and transverse gradients, the land plots, obstacles and the movement routes of technological flows and machinery, and also marking the hazardous places.
16. When organising and carrying out agricultural work, the employer shall implement a set of organisational and technical measures to ensure the safe operation, maintenance and repair of the self-propelled and other machines used in carrying out agricultural work, in accordance with the labour protection requirements and also with the requirements of the manufacturers' operational documentation, the technical regulations <1>, the national standards and the Rules. -------------- <1> Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Agricultural and Forestry Tractors and Trailers for Them" (TR CU 031/2012), adopted by Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 60 of 20 July 2012 (official website of the Eurasian Economic Commission http://www.tsouz.ru, 20 July 2012). Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the Safety of Machines and Equipment" (TR CU 010/2011), adopted by Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 823 of 18 October 2011 (official website of the Customs Union Commission http://www.tsouz.ru, 21 October 2011). The admission of workers to the operation of self-propelled machines shall be carried out in accordance with the established requirements laid down by the authorised federal executive body <2>. -------------- <2> The Rules for admission to the operation of self-propelled machines and the issuance of tractor-operator (tractor driver) certificates, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 796 of 12 July 1999 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 29; 2020, No. 18, Art. 2913).
17. Workers shall possess professional knowledge corresponding to the profile and nature of the work performed, shall know the emergency warning signals and the rules of conduct in emergencies, shall be trained in the rules for providing first aid to the injured, shall know the locations of the rescue means and shall be able to use them.
18. Workers engaged in carrying out agricultural work the performance of which entails the combining of occupations shall undergo labour protection training in all types of the combined work. Additional (increased) labour protection requirements apply to certain occupations of workers involved in agricultural production and to types of agricultural work with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions associated with the nature and conditions of their conduct. Workers performing work to which additional (increased) labour protection requirements apply shall undergo repeat labour protection briefing at least once every three months, and also, at least once every twelve months, a check of their knowledge of the labour protection requirements. The list of workers' occupations and types of work to which additional (increased) labour protection requirements apply is approved by a local regulatory act of the employer.
19. Work involving increased danger and performed in places of constant action of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors shall be performed under a permit to work for the performance of work involving increased danger (hereinafter - the permit to work), issued by officials authorised by the employer (a recommended template is given in the Appendix to the Rules). The procedure for performing work involving increased danger, for issuing the permit to work and the duties of the workers responsible for organising and safely performing the work are established by a local regulatory act of the employer. When performing work in the protection zones of installations or communications, the permit to work is issued where there is written authorisation from the organisation operating these installations and communications.
20. The permit to work is issued to the direct person in charge of the work (the performing authority) by an official authorised by an order of the employer. Before the start of the work, the person in charge of the work shall familiarise the workers with the actions for the safety of the work being performed and shall conduct a targeted labour protection briefing with them, with an entry being made in the permit to work.
21. The permit to work is issued for the period necessary to perform the assigned volume of work. In the event that harmful and (or) hazardous production factors not provided for by the permit to work arise in the course of performing the work, the work shall be stopped and the permit to work cancelled. Resumption of the work shall be carried out only after the issuance of a new permit to work. The official who issued the permit to work shall exercise control over the fulfilment of the actions provided for therein to ensure the safety of the performance of the work.
22. Completed and issued permits to work are registered in a log, in which it is recommended to record the following information: 1) the name of the subdivision; 2) the number of the permit to work; 3) the date of issue of the permit to work; 4) a brief description of the work; 5) the period for which the permit to work is issued; 6) the surnames and initials of the officials who issued and received the permit to work, certified by their signatures with the date indicated; 7) the surname and initials of the official who received the permit to work closed upon completion of the work, certified by his signature with the date indicated.
23. The following are classified as work involving increased danger performed with the issuance of a permit to work: 1) work performed: in zones with constantly acting hazardous or harmful production factors; in the protection zones of overhead power lines and gas pipelines, and also of warehouses of readily flammable or combustible liquids and combustible or liquefied gases; in wells, pits or closed containers; in buildings or installations in an emergency condition; 2) work associated with: the dressing of seed material; the descent of workers into the receiving hoppers of the feeders of process equipment, silos and bunkers for inspection or repair; the inspection and repair of over-dryer and under-dryer bunkers and heat-and-moisture exchangers; the cleaning of gratings in the channels of treatment facilities; the servicing of grit chambers of treatment facilities; the preventive inspection and repair work on flotation units of treatment facilities; the repair of settling tanks, equipment or pipelines of treatment facilities; carrying out repair work inside aeration tanks; 3) temporary hot work associated with emergency-recovery repair of equipment, the cutting and thawing of equipment and communications, and work in explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous premises; 4) repair work in electrical installations, open switchgear and networks; 5) gas-hazardous work (including the opening, cleaning, inspection, preparation for repair and repair work in containers); 6) work to clean and repair air ducts, filters and fans of the exhaust ventilation systems of warehouses and other premises in which potent poisonous and other hazardous substances are stored; 7) the transportation and destruction of potent poisonous substances. The list of work involving increased danger performed with the issuance of a permit to work is approved by the employer and may be supplemented by him.
24. When employing the labour of women and persons under the age of eighteen in carrying out agricultural work, the established norms of the maximum permissible physical loads for lifting and moving weights by hand shall be observed.
25. Employers shall provide the workers engaged in agricultural work and in the maintenance and repair of process equipment with personal and collective protective equipment, which shall ensure: 1) the reduction of the level of harmful production factors to the level established by the sanitary norms in force; 2) the protection of workers from the action of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors accompanying the technology used and the working conditions; 3) the protection of workers from the action of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors arising during sudden disruptions of production processes; 4) protection from pathogenic micro-organisms.
26. Workers engaged in the servicing and repair of machines and equipment shall be provided with the necessary set of serviceable tools and devices.
27. Workers working during the cold season in the open air or in unheated production premises, including those engaged at waste-water treatment facilities and in land-reclamation work, shall be provided with special breaks for warming up and rest, which are included in working time, and with places for rest and warming up. The decision on the duration of the breaks or on stopping work during extreme temperatures is taken by the employer in agreement with the primary trade union organisation or another representative body authorised by the workers.
28. The duration of continuous work in the open air during the cold period of the year, including the servicing of process equipment placed on an open site or under a canopy, is determined by the person in charge of the work, but shall not exceed one fifth of the shift working time.
29. Employers shall provide workers with drinking water. Water from sources located within the territory of the facility for the production of field agricultural work may be used after the composition of the water has been checked for compliance with the norms in force.
30. In each economic entity carrying out activity in the field of agriculture, a first-aid post equipped with telephone communication shall be organised. In economic entities with fewer than 100 workers, medical servicing of workers may be carried out at the nearest medical organisation. At each production section, in workshops and repair shops, and also on self-propelled agricultural machines and vehicles, first-aid kits shall be available.
31. In each economic entity carrying out activity in the field of agriculture, a fire-prevention regime corresponding to the fire hazard of the economic entity, to the established requirements <3> and to the Rules shall be established by an administrative document of the employer, which defines: -------------- <3> Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of 16 September 2020 "On Approval of the Rules of the Fire-Prevention Regime in the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2020, No. 39, Art. 6056). 1) the established and equipped places for tobacco smoking; 2) the places and the permissible quantity of raw materials, semi-finished products and products and waste of agricultural production simultaneously present in the production premises; 3) the procedure for clearing away combustible waste and dust and for storing oil-soaked workwear; 4) the procedure for de-energising electrical equipment in the event of a fire and at the end of the working day; 5) the procedure for carrying out temporary hot work and other fire-hazardous work; 6) the procedure for inspecting and closing premises after the end of work; 7) the actions of workers upon detecting a fire; 8) the procedure and time limits for undergoing fire-prevention briefing and classes on the fire-technical minimum, and also the officials responsible for conducting them.
32. Organisations carrying out agricultural work shall be provided with fire-fighting implements and equipment for the protection of production facilities. Free access of workers to the fire-fighting implements and equipment shall be ensured. In each fire-hazardous and explosion-hazardous structural production subdivision, an emergency stock of breathing apparatus or self-rescuers shall be created in a quantity ensuring the rescue of workers.
33. During the operation of production buildings and installations, it shall not be permitted to make openings in floors, beams, columns and walls without the written authorisation of the officials responsible for the safe operation and repair of production buildings and installations.
34. To prevent vibration of installations and structures, process equipment shall be placed on foundations not connected with the wall foundations. On the upper floors of buildings, vibrating equipment is installed with vibration-damping devices, and where necessary the inter-floor ceilings are provided with vibration isolation. The rigid fastening of mechanisms causing vibrations directly to the enclosing and load-bearing structures of the building shall be prohibited.
35. When the skylights of production buildings are glazed with window glass, horizontal metal nets shall be installed beneath them. The width of the nets of skylights with vertical glazing shall not be less than 0.7 m. In the case of inclined and horizontal glazing, the width of the nets is determined by calculation from the value of the horizontal projection of the glazed frames.
36. Open pools and containers located in production premises shall have, along the perimeter of their sides, guards with a height of not less than 1.1 m.
37. Pits and trenches shall be covered flush with the floor. When flooring or gratings are removed, open installation and other openings shall be fenced off with temporary guards.
38. Open hatches, wells, bunkers, loading openings in floors, in inter-floor ceilings or on working platforms, installation openings, pits and sumps located in buildings and installations shall be enclosed with railings of a height of not less than 1.1 m, with a solid metal sheathing along the bottom of the railings to a height of not less than 0.15 m and with an additional guard strip at a height of 0.5 m, and, where necessary, shall be provided with transfer bridges of a width of not less than 1 m.
39. For the servicing of shut-off valves not having remote control and for the use of instrumentation located above floor level at a height of more than 1.5 m, stationary platforms of a width of not less than 0.8 m shall be provided.
40. Platforms intended for the servicing of process equipment shall have: 1) a height from the flooring to the structural elements of the production premises of not less than 2.0 m; in galleries, tunnels and on trestles, a reduction of this height to 1.8 m may be permitted; 2) a width of not less than 1.0 m; 3) guards around the perimeter of a height of not less than 1.0 m, with a solid metal sheathing along the bottom of the guard to a height of 0.15 m and with an additional guard strip at a height of 0.5 m from the flooring. The requirements of this paragraph apply to open galleries, bridges and platforms located in premises and intended for crossing over equipment or communications.
41. Ladders to working platforms and mechanisms shall have an angle of inclination: 1) those in constant use - not more than 45°; 2) those visited 1 - 2 times per shift - not more than 60°; 3) those in sumps and wells - up to 90°. The width of the ladders shall be not less than 0.7 m, the height of the steps not more than 0.3 m, and the width of the steps not less than 0.25 m. The metal steps of the ladders and the platforms shall be made of ribbed metal. In sumps and wells, the use of rungs may be permitted.
42. In production and auxiliary premises, steam pipelines and other sources of heat release (above 45 °C) located at a height of up to 2 m from the floor shall be thermally insulated or guarded.
43. In addition, at the places of loading and unloading of raw materials and semi-finished products, of the opening of packaging and vessels, and in mixing vats, settling tanks and other apparatus in which the release of harmful substances is possible, local exhaust devices with seals and enclosures with extraction shall be provided for in accordance with the technical documentation.
44. Crushers, conveyor belts for feeding grain and other intermediate products of agricultural production, and the places for transferring and loading them into process equipment shall be located in production premises equipped, in accordance with the technical documentation, with dust-removal systems interlocked with the production equipment. The interlocking of the system devices shall ensure that they are switched on 3 - 5 minutes before the start of work and switched off not earlier than 5 minutes after the stopping of the equipment or after operation without load.
45. It shall not be permitted to obstruct access to fire-extinguishing means, passages, corridors, vestibules, staircase landings, flights of stairs, door and window openings and attic spaces with equipment, various materials and finished products, or to install on evacuation routes thresholds, turnstiles, or sliding, lifting and revolving doors that impede the free evacuation of workers.
46. Before carrying out harvesting work in fields over which overhead power lines pass, a check of the magnitude of the sag of the wires shall be carried out so that the vertical distance from the highest point of the harvesting machine to the wires of overhead power lines with a voltage of up to 1 kV is not less than 1.5 m.
47. Recesses arranged within the territory of a production facility for technical purposes shall be fenced off, with the installation of signal (warning) notices and signs, and at night-time shall be illuminated. Buried reservoirs, wells and hatches shall be closed with covers flush with the adjacent territory, and during the performance of repair work shall be fenced off with the installation of portable prohibitory signs.
48. Sites for the processing of crop products, the places for carrying out loading and unloading work and for the movement of lifting-and-transport mechanisms shall be levelled and shall have a hard surface. The gradient of the sites shall be not more than 3°.
49. The sections of territory adjoining the entrances and the entryways to production and warehouse premises, and to production sites, shall have a hard surface connecting with the driveways and pedestrian paths.
50. For the movement of vehicles within the territory of a production facility, driveways with a hard surface shall be provided. The width of the driveways shall be, for one-way traffic, not less than 3.5 m, and for two-way traffic, not less than 6 m.
51. Sites for the temporary parking of vehicles shall be located outside the boundaries of the territory of the production facility, to one side of the carriageway of the access roads, and shall have a hard surface.
52. At the entrance to the territory of a production facility, a diagram of the movement of vehicles shall be displayed. Within the territory of the production facility, indicators of driveways and passages, speed-limit signs, and signs of the direction of movement of vehicles and of parking places shall be installed.
53. The gates for entry to and exit from the territory of a production facility shall have a mechanised drive and shall open into the territory or be of the sliding type, and at the same time the possibility of their arbitrary closing shall be excluded. The width of the gates shall be not less than 4.5 m. The gates for entry to the territory of the production facility shall be equipped with a light-signalling system warning of the movement of transport. The entry of workers into the territory of the production facility shall be carried out through checkpoint premises.
54. The territory of a production facility and of production sites shall be kept clean. The driveways and passages shall be free for the movement of transport and people, shall be even, shall have no ruts or holes, and shall be illuminated during the dark time of day. In the summer, the driveways and passages adjoining production, administrative and sanitary-welfare premises shall be watered. In the winter, the driveways, paths, trestles, platforms and external stairways shall be cleared of snow and ice and sprinkled with anti-slip substances.
55. For the crossing of workers over ditches and trenches, bridges shall be installed. During the dark time of day, the bridges and the approaches to them shall be illuminated.
56. Temporary field camps shall be located on specially designated sites cleared of dry grass and combustible debris, ploughed around the perimeter with a strip of not less than 4 m, and situated at a distance of not less than 100 m from stacks of hay and straw and from grain arrays.
57. Sites for the placement of agricultural machinery for storage shall be illuminated during the dark time of day.
58. When organising workplaces and positioning process equipment, the employer shall provide for measures ensuring the safety and convenience of operation, servicing and repair of the equipment, including: 1) reduction of the levels of exposure of workers to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors to the values established by the labour protection requirements; 2) provision of safe movement of workers, their rapid evacuation in emergencies, and also the shortest approaches to workplaces which, where possible, do not cross transport routes; 3) organisation of the shortest routes for the movement of objects of labour and production waste, with the maximum exclusion of counter cargo flows; 4) safe operation of vehicles and of means of mechanisation and automation of production processes; 5) use of protective equipment for workers against the effect of hazardous and harmful production factors; 6) arrangement of the work zones (workplaces) required for the free and safe performance of operations during the installation (dismantling), servicing and repair of equipment, taking into account the dimensions of the tools and devices used, and the places for the installation, removal and temporary placement of raw materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and production waste, and also of spare and dismantled assemblies and parts; 7) arrangement of areas for accommodating stationary platforms, ladders, devices for the storage and movement of materials, tool tables, electrical cabinets and fire-fighting equipment.
59. The positioning of process equipment and utilities which are sources of hazardous and harmful production factors, the distance between units of equipment, and also between equipment and the walls of production buildings, structures and premises, shall comply with the labour protection requirements.
60. When developing production processes, positioning process equipment and organising workplaces, the employer shall provide for measures preventing the permissible levels of noise and vibration at workplaces from being exceeded.
61. Every workplace shall be convenient and shall not restrict the actions of workers. Optimal decisions on the organisation of workplaces, the positioning of process equipment, storage places, passages and driveways shall be taken on the basis of the specific conditions of the production process, taking into account the design features of the equipment, its repair and servicing, the material being processed, and the prevention of the effect of hazardous and harmful factors.
62. The height of the edge of the loading opening when loading process equipment manually shall correspond to the height of the worker. In the event of non-correspondence, mechanised loading of the equipment with raw materials shall be provided for.
63. When organising and ensuring the operation of stationary process equipment installed in a line, provision shall be made for its operation in the sequence established by the production process and for an interlocking system to maintain this sequence.
64. Control of automatic lines shall be provided from a central control panel. All process equipment forming part of an automatic line shall have independent controls for their separate starting and stopping. Work in the setting-up mode shall be carried out from the control panel of the process equipment being set up. In this case the central control panel shall be locked out against accidental switching-on. The control of a group of conveyors installed in series in a single process line shall be arranged in such a way that the starting of the receiving conveyors takes place before the starting of the feeding conveyors, and stopping is carried out in the reverse order. In flow lines and automatic lines, in the event of the stopping of any item of equipment, provision shall be made for the stopping of all preceding equipment, unless the lines are equipped with accumulators or there are no special buffer areas. The stopping of automatic lines shall be possible from any workplace.
65. Moving parts of conveyors to which workers may have access shall be guarded. If the conveyors are located above the workplaces of workers, protective screens shall be installed on the conveyors to protect the workers from material falling from the conveyor.
66. Process equipment shall be painted in colours complying with the requirements of the regulatory documentation. Assemblies of equipment presenting a hazard to workers shall be painted in signal colours in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory labour protection requirements. Buttons, handles, valves and other means of controlling process equipment shall bear markings and inscriptions explaining their functional purpose. The protective guards, covers, hatches and loading openings of all types of process equipment shall be provided with devices for reliably retaining them in the closed (working) position and, where necessary, shall be interlocked with starting devices that prevent accidental starting of the equipment.
67. Protective guards and other collective protective equipment for workers (hereinafter referred to as protective equipment) shall fulfil their purpose continuously during the functioning of the production equipment or upon the occurrence of a hazardous situation.
68. The action of the protective equipment shall not cease before the action of the corresponding hazardous or harmful production factor ends.
69. The failure of one of the items of protective equipment or of an element thereof shall not lead to the cessation of the normal functioning of the other protective equipment.
70. Process equipment which incorporates protective equipment requiring its switching-on before the start of the functioning of the production equipment and (or) its switching-off after the end of its functioning shall have devices ensuring such a sequence.
71. The design and location of the protective equipment shall not limit the production capabilities of the process equipment and shall ensure convenience of operation and maintenance. If the design of the protective equipment cannot ensure all the process capabilities of the production equipment, the requirement to ensure the protection of workers is the priority.
72. The shape, dimensions, strength and rigidity of the protective guard, and its location relative to the guarded parts of the production equipment, shall preclude the effect on the worker of the guarded parts and of possible ejections (for example, of tools or parts being processed).
73. The design of the protective guard shall: 1) preclude the possibility of spontaneous movement from the position ensuring the protection of the worker; 2) permit the possibility of its movement from the position ensuring the protection of the worker only with the aid of a tool, or block the functioning of the production equipment if the protective guard is in a position that does not ensure the performance of its protective functions; 3) ensure the possibility for workers to perform the intended actions, including observation of the operation of the guarded parts of the production equipment, where this is necessary; 4) not create additional hazardous situations; 5) not reduce labour productivity.
74. The arrangement of workplaces shall provide the necessary view of the observation zone from the workplace. Where a process operation is performed by several workers, visual or audible communication between them shall be ensured. The level of the audible signal shall be higher than the noise level in the working premises.
75. Production processes in agriculture shall comply with the requirements established in the technical and process documentation, in the regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory labour protection requirements, and in the Rules. The safety of the performance of agricultural work shall be achieved by the prevention of hazardous (emergency) situations throughout the entire time of the conduct of the production processes and shall be ensured by: 1) the use of technologies that take into account the natural change in the physical state of the soil, the crops being cultivated, agrochemicals and seeds, in which harmful and hazardous production factors are either absent or do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations or levels; 2) the inclusion of labour protection requirements in the regulatory-technical, process and design documentation, and compliance with these requirements and with other state regulatory labour protection requirements; 3) the use of process equipment whose working parts and components are adapted to the natural change in the physical state of the crop being processed and which, in the event of a process or technical failure, are not sources of injury; 4) the use, on machines and process equipment, of technical protective equipment and devices that prevent the occurrence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and reduce the possibility or severity of the consequences of accidents; 5) the use of production premises complying with the requirements of the regulatory documents; 6) the preparation of fields, production sites and premises for the performance of work, and the marking of the hazardous zones of the performance of work; 7) the use of raw materials, semi-finished products and components (assemblies, elements) that do not have a hazardous and harmful effect on the health of workers; 8) the taking of technical and organisational measures for the prevention of fire and (or) explosion and for fire protection; 9) the rational positioning of process equipment and the development of routes for the movement of machines and machine-and-tractor units that preclude cases of their collision and of their entry into the rest zones of workers set up in open areas; 10) the use of safe methods of loading, unloading, transporting and storing raw materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and production waste that preclude the use of manual labour; 11) compliance with the recommendations on the transportation, use and storage of pesticides and agrochemicals, taking into account the information contained in the container label and the warning marking; 12) the use of fast-acting means for localising harmful and hazardous production factors; 13) the development and introduction of actions for the safe exit from typical injury-hazardous situations arising in the course of labour activity; 14) the development and introduction of socio-economic methods of stimulating work without injuries and accidents; 15) the conveyance of workers to and from the place of work on buses or on vehicles equipped for these purposes; 16) compliance with the established internal labour regulations and with production and process discipline.
76. The labour protection requirements for production processes connected with the production and processing of agricultural products, established by the Rules and by other regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory labour protection requirements, shall be reflected in separate sections of the process (operational) charts (regulations) developed for their conduct and approved by the employer or by another official authorised by the employer.
77. When organising and conducting the processes of the production of agricultural products and the operation of process equipment, the employer shall provide for measures for the timely removal and neutralisation of production waste that is a source of hazardous and harmful production factors and a cause of occupational diseases of workers. Effective measures for the removal of hazardous and harmful substances from the work zone are: 1) the use of closed process cycles; 2) the continuity of transport flows; 3) the use of wet methods of processing dust-generating raw materials; 4) the sealing of process equipment; 5) the aspiration of units; 6) the remote control of production processes with the sealing of the work zone; 7) the use of the mechanisation and automation of production processes that preclude the presence of workers in the work zone.
78. Production processes shall not include operations that compel workers to be in the hazardous zone of operation of the process equipment or in the zone of a possible ejection of steam, liquid or feed.
79. The employer shall, to the maximum extent, ensure that the loading, unloading and movement of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished agricultural products, auxiliary materials and containers are carried out by mechanised means throughout the stages of the process operations.
80. The processes of the production and processing of agricultural products shall be conducted only where there are serviceable monitoring and measuring instruments, earthing, protective guards, interlocks, starting apparatus, process tooling and tools.
81. The crossing of machines and agricultural animals over navigable and non-navigable rivers and water bodies on ferries and other self-propelled and towed craft, by ford or over ice, shall be carried out in specially equipped and marked places along developed routes approved by the employer or by another official authorised by the employer. Crossing on floating craft during strong wind, during ice drift and fog shall be prohibited.
82. When lowering agricultural tractors and self-propelled machines onto a ferry landing, the angle of slope shall not exceed 15°. The driving on and driving off of tractors shall be carried out under the direction of the responsible official, on condition of the complete securing (mooring) of the ferry at the quay or bank. To ensure safety, in addition to securing the ferry at the quay, a continuous or track-type plank bridge with a length not less than the distance between the wheel axles of the tractor shall be laid at the joints at the place of driving off. The driving of a tractor onto a ferry with people on it shall be prohibited. After driving onto the ferry, the tractor engine shall be switched off and the tractor shall be braked. Wooden chocks shall be placed under the wheels of the tractor and the trailer, and special pads shall be placed under the tractor tracks. During night-time, the places of driving onto and off the ferry shall be lit.
83. In the winter period, for the performance of agricultural and other work using agricultural tractors far from populated localities and passable roads at an air temperature below -20 °C, and also during a blizzard, snowstorm or snowfall, not fewer than two tractors shall be dispatched at the same time. Before departure, the tractors shall be fully fuelled. The return of the tractors to the parking area at the end of the working day shall be monitored by the responsible officials of the economic entity. In the event of the non-return of the tractors within the established time, measures shall be taken to search for the missing workers and to provide them, where possible, with the necessary assistance.
84. When a single tractor is dispatched for transport work over a distance of 100 km or more, a tractor with two seats and two tractor operators shall be assigned. On account of special conditions (sparsely populated terrain, poor road conditions), not fewer than two tractors shall be dispatched for such work.
85. When travelling on ice, wheeled agricultural tractors and self-propelled machines shall be provided with anti-skid chains, quick-release ice spurs and other devices that prevent skidding.
86. The requirements of this Chapter of the Rules apply to the processes of the cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest processing of cereal, leguminous, industrial, fodder, oil-bearing, essential-oil-bearing and spinning (textile) crops, root crops, tuber crops, melon crops and vegetable crops, and also to the cultivation of medicinal plants, flowers, vineyards and commercial orchards in open or protected ground.
87. Field agricultural work shall be carried out by land users taking into account the protection zones of electrical networks, which are established along overhead power transmission lines in the form of a land plot and airspace bounded by vertical planes standing on both sides of the line from the outermost conductors, in accordance with the table. [table - reproduced in the Russian original]
88. The assembly and setting-up of machine-and-tractor units shall be carried out by the tractor operator under the direction and with the participation of the section mechanic (the team leader, the assistant team leader or the agronomist), with the involvement, where necessary, of auxiliary workers and with the use of tools and lifting devices ensuring the safe performance of these operations. The changing by the tractor operator of the composition of the unit without the permission of the above-mentioned persons shall not be permitted.
89. The track width of wheeled agricultural tractors when performing a specific type of work shall correspond to the values established by the technical descriptions and the operating documentation of the manufacturers.
90. The changing, cleaning and adjustment of the working parts of mounted agricultural implements and machines that are in the raised position shall be carried out only after the taking of measures preventing their spontaneous lowering.
91. No people shall be present in the zone of the possible movement of markers or mounted machines during the turning of machine-and-tractor units.
92. To preclude (reduce) the effect on workers of harmful and hazardous production factors (dust, exhaust gases), the distance between self-propelled agricultural machines and machine-and-tractor units moving one behind another shall be not less than: 1) for ploughing (plough), sowing, planting and harvesting units - 30 m; 2) for units with rotary working parts (except for the contour pruning of branches) - 50 m; 3) for machines for the contour pruning of the branches of fruit trees - 75 m. When the wind is in the opposing direction, the distance between the units shall be increased to a value at which there is no mutual effect of harmful and hazardous production factors on the operators.
93. When carrying out work in agricultural fields or plots with a slope exceeding 9°, machine-and-tractor units and machines adapted for work in mountain conditions shall be used. The maximum permissible slope angles of fields at which the operation of the machines is permitted are established by the operating documentation of the manufacturers. Work on plots with steep slopes exceeding 9° by self-propelled agricultural tractors and general-purpose machines shall not be permitted.
94. Self-propelled agricultural equipment working on slopes shall be provided with anti-rollback stops (chocks). Upon the occurrence of a fault in the braking system or the running gear, the machine shall be towed on a rigid coupling to a horizontal area or a level section of road. The towing shall be carried out by a tractor whose mass is not less than 1.5 - 2 times greater than the mass of the machine being towed.
95. When working on slopes, the width of the turning strip shall be not less than twice the working width of the machine-and-tractor unit.
96. To avoid injury to workers by branches, the performance of work on machines and mechanisms in the immediate vicinity of the crowns of trees is permitted where there are protective guards on the machines and mechanisms.
97. Garden platforms or units intended for the lifting and movement of workers shall be maintained in a serviceable condition. Before the start of work, the serviceability of the railings and also the presence of safety chains on the railings of the gangways shall be checked.
98. On plots with a slope exceeding 8° and on terraces, garden platforms and machines for the contour pruning of fruit trees shall not be admitted to work.
99. When handling pesticides and agrochemicals, the smoking of tobacco, the use of open flame and the consumption of food at workplaces shall be prohibited. The smoking of tobacco is permitted during rest at specially designated places.
100. The land plots for the operation of agricultural machines and machine-and-tractor units shall be prepared in advance: 1) large stones and straw residues shall be removed, and pits and other obstacles shall be filled in; 2) marker stakes shall be installed at large stones, washed-out areas and other obstacles, and hazardous places on the plots shall be marked with warning signs; 3) the fields shall be divided into strips, mown around the perimeter, and mown lanes (passages) shall be prepared; 4) control furrows shall be made; 5) turning strips shall be prepared; 6) rest places shall be marked.
101. The edge of the field shall be marked with a furrow around the perimeter. The distance from the edge of the field to the boundary of an obstacle (a cliff, a steep descent, a forest belt) shall be sufficient for the working equipment to make a turn. When working on slopes and near ravines, the width of the turning strip shall be not less than a value equal to twice the minimum turning radius of the machine or the machine-and-tractor unit.
102. On the sections of fields and roads over which power transmission lines pass, signs for the safe passage of machines under the power transmission line shall be posted.
103. In fields intended for subsequent machine harvesting, the outlet and deep irrigation furrows, ridges and other unevennesses shall be filled in and levelled. The surface of the plots (checks) before the sowing of rice shall be levelled by cutting off the back-furrow ridge and filling in the back furrows.
104. In the process of preparing machine-and-tractor units for the conduct of soil cultivation work, the tractor operator shall verify the complete serviceability and completeness of the soil-cultivating machine being coupled, and also the presence and serviceability of the devices for cleaning the working parts, by checking: 1) the reliability of the connections of the soil-cultivating machines being coupled with the tractor and between the individual implements; 2) the correctness of the arrangement and the reliability of the fastening of the working parts of the ploughs, disc skimmers, cultivators, harrows and other soil-cultivating implements used; 3) the absence of oil leakage from the hydraulic system, and the presence and serviceability of the break-away couplings in the oil lines of the hydraulic system of the trailed machines on which power cylinders are installed.
105. Before the start of movement in the strip, the machine-and-tractor unit shall be transferred from the transport position to the working position, and a trial run shall be made, in the course of which the adjustment of the cultivation depth, the setting angle of the working parts of the disc skimmers and harrows, and the reach of the markers shall be carried out.
106. When using tractors having a separate-unit hydraulic system, the raising of a soil-cultivating machine into the transport position with the tractor power take-off shaft engaged shall not be permitted.
107. During the operation of machine-and-tractor units, sitting on the ballast boxes of disc skimmers, disc harrows or other implements shall be prohibited.
108. The turning of machine-and-tractor units at the ends of the run shall be carried out only with the implement raised into the transport position. The reversing of the unit with the working parts embedded shall be prohibited.
109. The cleaning of spike-tooth harrows shall be carried out by raising and shaking off the individual harrows, with the aid of a metal rod with a hook at the end.
110. The transportation of trailed cultivators shall be carried out only after the fixing of the lifting mechanism with the transport rods.
111. When engaging the hydraulic cylinders of the markers of the ridge-and-bed former, it shall be verified that there are no people on the path of movement of the marker and during its turning.
112. When replacing the working parts (ploughshares, cultivator tines, discs and the like), the frame of the soil-cultivating implement (or of a separate section) shall be placed on supports that prevent the lowering of the implement.
113. If explosive objects (shells, mines, grenades and other explosive substances) are discovered during the conduct of soil cultivation work, all work on the plot shall be immediately stopped, and the boundaries of the plot shall be marked with warning signs "Caution! Danger of explosion!". Guarding of the plot shall be organised, and the rescue service shall be immediately notified by telephone on 112.
114. Mechanised agricultural soil cultivation work on plots with steep slopes shall not be carried out in the case of: 1) soil moisture causing the sliding of the machine (unit); 2) visibility of less than 50 m; 3) frozen soil; 4) the dark time of day.
115. Seed treatment shall be carried out in specially equipped premises located at a distance of not less than 500 m from residential structures, public buildings, livestock complexes and water supply sources, or in a specially equipped section of a granary for the storage of grain. The seed treatment stations shall be provided with sanitary and welfare premises, general-exchange ventilation and local exhaust extractors.
116. The seed treatment process shall be fully mechanised. In the event of clogging of the sprayer lines and of the outlet openings of the branch pipes, the seed treater shall be stopped and measures shall be taken to eliminate the faults. Seed treatment by manual shovelling and mixing shall be prohibited.
117. Decentralised seed treatment is permitted on farms in open areas having a slope for the drainage of storm water, a canopy and a hard surface (asphalt, concrete).
118. Centralised seed treatment shall be carried out at specially equipped centralised treatment stations (workshops), at seed plants for the conditioning of sugar-beet seeds, and at the sections of seed plants and maize-calibrating plants. When treating seeds, equipment of increased tightness that precludes direct contact of workers with pesticides shall be used. Air contaminated with pesticides shall be cleaned before its discharge into the atmosphere.
119. The filling of bags with treated seeds, the compaction of the seeds in the bag in the vibration unit, and their sewing up on the loading and packing equipment shall be carried out with the ventilation switched on. Treated seeds shall have signal colouring and shall be stored in bags bearing the inscription "Treated" or in bins having devices for feeding the seeds into the self-loaders of seed drills. The storage of unpackaged treated seeds in bulk on the floor, and also their storage at grain-threshing floors and in storage premises intended for the storage of food or fodder grain and of household goods, shall be prohibited. The clearing-up of spilled treated seeds in the event of the tearing of bags shall be carried out in the appropriate personal protective equipment.
120. The issue of treated seeds is carried out on the written permission of the employer or of another official authorised by the employer, with an exact indication of their quantity. Treated seeds shall be transported in bags of dense material or in the self-loaders of seed drills.
121. Treated seeds shall be unloaded into the self-loaders of seed drills having tarpaulin covers or lids, into all-metal bin stores or into other equipment with means of mechanisation for the loading and unloading of the treated seeds. For the levelling of treated grain in the self-loaders of seed drills, wooden paddles shall be used. The levelling of treated grain by hand shall not be permitted.
122. Unused treated seeds shall be returned to the store under an act. Unused treated seeds shall be stored in an isolated room. Treated seeds unfit for further use for their intended purpose are subjected to neutralisation in accordance with the requirements for the use of the specific pesticides.
123. When handling treated seeds, the pouring of packaged treated seeds into other containers shall not be permitted. The subjecting of treated seeds to additional processing (cleaning, calibration, sorting and other methods of processing) shall not be permitted. The mixing of treated seeds with untreated ones, their delivery to bakery stations, their use for food purposes and also as feed for livestock and poultry shall not be permitted.
124. The loading of seed drills and other sowing (planting) units with seed and planting materials and fertilisers shall be carried out by mechanised means. The manual loading of seed drills and planting machines with seed (planting) material and mineral fertilisers is permitted only when the sowing (planting) machine-and-tractor unit is stopped and the tractor engine is switched off, with the use of personal protective equipment.
125. During the manual loading (filling) of sowing units, the containers used for loading the bins of fertiliser drills, plant feeders and other machines shall hold not more than 10 kg of mineral fertilisers.
126. The loading of treated seeds into seed drills shall be carried out from the windward side, wearing personal protective equipment. The levelling of treated grain in seed drills shall be carried out with wooden paddles.
127. The lids of the seed box and of the mineral fertiliser bins shall be tightly closed during the period of operation.
128. The working parts of seed drills shall be cleaned of soil and clogged fertilisers with special brushes.
129. Seed drills and planting machines equipped with permanent workplaces shall have a serviceable two-way signalling system connected to the tractor during operation. The movement of the sowing (planting) machine-and-tractor unit shall begin on the signal of the workers servicing the unit, after the return signal on the start of movement from the tractor operator.
130. The simultaneous servicing, during the conduct of sowing work, of two or more seed drills by a single worker shall not be permitted.
131. Treated grain not sown during the shift shall be handed over to the store where it was kept.
132. Mineral fertilisers shall be applied by special machines in accordance with a technology developed in advance and routes approved by the person in charge of the work. When applying fertilisers, the direction of the wind shall be taken into account and the machines shall be positioned in such a way that, in relation to the spray plume, the wind is lateral or opposing.
133. In the group method of applying powdered mineral fertilisers, a safe distance shall be established between the units moving across the field so as to preclude the ingress of fertiliser dust into the cab of the following tractor. When applying powdered fertilisers in windy weather, a windbreak device shall be used.
134. The coupling of a trailed mineral fertiliser spreader to the tractor is permitted only with the aid of a hydraulic hook. Before a turn, a travel speed shall be selected which ensures the turning of the unit without skidding and loss of stability.
135. A flexible container suspended on the hook of a truck crane above the fertiliser spreader shall be opened at its bottom part with the aid of a special knife or by opening a valve (hatch). The worker shall be positioned to the side of the container.
136. The loader shall be set to the maximum possible track width. The load shall be lifted and moved in accordance with the loader operating manual. Entering and leaving the loader cab shall be done with the bucket lowered and the hydraulic distributor levers in the neutral position.
137. The loader bucket shall be cleaned and faults shall be rectified with the engine switched off, the tractor (loader) braked, the bucket lowered and the hydraulic distributor levers in the neutral position.
138. Paper containers from mineral fertilisers shall be burnt at special sites. Used polyethylene bags and the casings of flexible containers from mineral fertilisers shall be collected at a place designated for this purpose.
139. When preparing a unit for applying liquid mineral fertilisers, the tanks, pipelines, hoses, valves, nozzles and pumps of the unit shall be cleaned, flushed and checked for tightness with clean water. In doing so, leakage of the working fluid at the hose connections and at the pump and valve seals shall be prevented, and the secure fastening of the boom and the towing device shall be ensured.
140. Tanks shall be filled with liquid complex fertilisers (hereinafter - LCF) by a closed jet using mechanised means, with monitoring by a level gauge. After the tanks have been filled, the lids, hatches and plugs shall be closed and secured.
141. When applying LCF, work shall be carried out at low pressure to obtain a coarse-droplet spray, the solution shall be continuously stirred by means of a stirring device (agitator), and the pressure in the system shall be monitored by the pressure gauge readings and the LCF consumption by the level gauge.
142. The direction and method of travel when applying LCF shall be selected so as to prevent the applied fertiliser from getting onto the tractor cab. The servicing of machines shall be carried out from the windward side, with the unit fully stopped and the engine switched off. Shut-off devices shall be opened smoothly, avoiding striking them with metal objects. Pipelines, nozzles and other fittings shall be cleaned with special cleaning tools and hand pumps.
143. In the event of damage (rupture) to rubber hoses or a loss of tightness at the connections, the work of applying liquid fertilisers shall be stopped immediately, measures shall be taken to rectify the faults, the specialist responsible for carrying out the work shall be informed of the nature of the fault, and a technical assistance vehicle shall be called.
144. If the pressure rises above the permitted level, or in the event of a fault in the safety valve, rupture of pipelines, damage to hoses, or a loss of tightness of the equipment accompanied by the release of ammonia, the equipment shall be shut down, the pressure reduced and the work stopped, and the workers shall move to a safe area and be removed from the adjacent territory. If the vessel is damaged, the ammonia shall be drained into the emergency storage and the person in charge of the work shall be notified. Spilled ammonia shall be flushed with a copious amount of water. In the event of a leak of ammonia from the tank while en route, the driver shall pull the vehicle off the road in the direction of the wind and take the necessary measures to ensure the safety of people and of traffic.
145. During the application of liquid mineral fertilisers, manual work on the plot concerned shall be prohibited.
146. At the end of each work shift, the flushing of the tanks and of the entire hydraulic system of the machines shall be arranged in accordance with the manufacturer's operating documents.
147. All operations of daily and periodic servicing of machines when applying liquid fertilisers shall be carried out from the windward side, using personal protective equipment.
148. It shall be prohibited to leave tanker vehicles or tractors with tanks filled with liquid fertilisers near places with open flame, in populated areas or on slopes, or to smoke tobacco near tanks containing aqueous or anhydrous ammonia.
149. Machines and units for applying liquid mineral fertilisers shall be equipped with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, a first-aid kit and a water tank with a capacity of not less than 10 litres, used for technical and hygienic purposes.
150. Work in greenhouses and hotbeds shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the process documentation approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
151. The process control system in greenhouses and hotbeds shall ensure the safety of workers. The process control panels shall bear inscriptions, diagrams and other means of information on the required sequence of actions for operating the equipment, including in an emergency situation.
152. When carrying out all types of work in greenhouses and hotbeds, the following shall be prohibited: 1) walking in soft-soled house footwear; 2) stepping on hotbed frames and boxes; 3) carrying out any types of work while the electric heating elements for soil heating are switched on; 4) touching the live parts of the process equipment; 5) carrying out work using faulty tools or equipment or when a gas leak has been detected.
153. For the mechanisation of loading and unloading work and of transport and process operations in greenhouses during the procurement of soil, levelling, preparation of the soil mixture, crushing, mixing and application of mineral fertilisers, machines, mechanisms and units equipped with devices that prevent pollution of the air environment by harmful emissions and toxic gases shall be used.
154. Work in seedling greenhouses shall be carried out with the plant supplementary lighting system switched off.
155. Work to service plant supplementary lighting systems shall be carried out only after the supply voltage has been switched off. When hanging, positioning, removing and storing greenhouse plant irradiators, the requirements of the manufacturer's operating documentation shall be observed and methods and means that exclude the possibility of hazardous situations arising shall be applied.
156. Before the soil is worked with electric tillers, all persons working in the greenhouse shall be warned and workers not involved in performing the production task shall be removed.
157. Trellis wire shall be tensioned without sagging and shall have no protruding ends. When tensioning trellis wire by means of a manual winch, the presence of workers in the inter-row spaces shall not be permitted.
158. The pipes of the sprinkler system shall be movable: the upper level at a height of not less than 2 m and the lower level at a height of 0.3 m above ground level. The arrangement of the sprinklers in the irrigation system shall not contribute to injury of workers or impede the operation of vehicles and mechanisms. The sprinkler pipelines of the sprinkler system are made of materials resistant to the adverse conditions of the greenhouse microclimate.
159. The system for supplying and draining the nutrient solution shall be automated and divided into sections. The distribution of the solution among the sections may be carried out by either mechanical or natural means.
160. To drain off excess liquid from the root layer of the soil, drainage systems shall be provided.
161. The circulation pumps and solenoid valves of the irrigation and sprinkler system shall be provided with automatic indication of operating modes.
162. The use of flushing, drainage, storm and other waste water for irrigation and for the preparation of nutrient solutions shall be prohibited.
163. The training of plants, pinching, and the removal of shoots that have finished fruiting, of dying leaves and of deformed fruit shall be carried out using hand trolleys equipped with an automatic brake, step-ladders and special devices.
164. When carrying out carbon dioxide feeding, the operating mode of the gas generator shall be maintained so as to ensure combustion of the fuel with minimal formation of carbon monoxide. The operation of the gas-air feeding system shall not be permitted: 1) when the ventilation system is faulty; 2) when the interlock system is faulty; 3) on types of fuel not provided for; 4) in emergency temperature conditions of the greenhouses or conditions close to them.
165. When continuous-action carbon dioxide generators are used in greenhouses for carbon dioxide feeding of plants, monitoring of the carbon dioxide content in the air of the working area shall be carried out.
166. In greenhouses with electric soil heating, the switching on of the heating system shall be interlocked with the closed state of the greenhouse entrance door and with light (or sound) signalling.
167. In block-type greenhouses operated without deviations from the standard design as regards reducing the transport clearance or worsening the quality of the road surface of the transport communications, and provided that a clearance above the driver's head of not less than 0.2 m is ensured and the necessary visibility of the route is available, the speed of travel of small-sized tractors, electric loaders and walk-behind tractors shall not exceed: 1) in the greenhouse - 5 km/h; 2) at the exit from the greenhouses into the transport corridor and back - 4 km/h; 3) along the transport corridor - 10 km/h; 4) at the exit from the transport corridor into the finished-product store and back, and also in reverse - 2 km/h. When selecting the optimum speed, accident-free operation and safety of movement shall be ensured. Drivers shall work wearing protective helmets if the vehicles are not equipped with cabs.
168. When servicing mobile machines, their spontaneous movement shall be prevented. Hydraulically operated working members (the loader boom, the bodies of a self-propelled chassis or of a tractor trailer) shall be fixed in the raised position.
169. All work carried out on the roof of greenhouses shall be performed using devices (walkways, decking) resting on the gutters, ridge purlins and glazing bars of the structure. Scaffolding means (scaffolds, staging) shall comply with the requirements of regulatory acts in the field of technical regulation.
170. Walkways for work on the roof shall be equipped with handrails and boxes for storing glazing clips, tools and necessary materials. The securing and holding of workers by means of safety belts shall be effected to the handrails of the walkways.
171. Workers engaged in glazing greenhouses shall: 1) work in teams consisting of not fewer than two persons, one of whom shall be a glazier; 2) carry the glass to the place of work in packaging, positioning the packaging to the side; carrying glass in front of oneself in a horizontal position and without mittens shall be prohibited; 3) raise the glass to the roof using lifting mechanisms.
172. The preparation of bitumen-based sealing mastic shall be carried out in special places meeting the requirements of labour protection.
173. Glazing work in greenhouses shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the process instructions and labour protection instructions approved by the employer or other officials authorised by the employer.
174. At the end of the shift, and also for the duration of a break in the work, the remnants of materials, devices and tools shall be removed or secured.
175. The areas of production premises in which work is carried out on the roof of greenhouses shall be fenced off and marked with safety signs. In the absence of fencing and marking, measures shall be taken to prevent the admission of workers to the working area.
176. The employer shall organise the storage, repair and issue of serviceable, sharpened hand tools, devices, implements and personal protective equipment in accordance with the established standards to workers engaged in manual work in crop production, in accordance with the specific conditions and features of the work performed. The manufacture, repair and sharpening of tools, devices and implements shall be carried out centrally, by specially trained workers.
177. When thinning plants using hand tools, workers shall be positioned in a staggered arrangement at a distance of 2 - 3 m from one another.
178. When working the soil with a hoe or spade, to avoid injury, the blade of the tool shall not be brought closer to the leg than 0.5 m, and the blade of the spade closer than 0.3 m.
179. Work involving manual working of the soil shall be carried out in footwear with a closed toe.
180. When mowing grass by hand with a hand scythe, the following requirements shall be observed: 1) the auxiliary handle shall be fixed on the scythe snath at the level of the mower's waist; 2) the metal ring for connecting the scythe blade to the snath shall correspond to the dimensions of the lower end of the snath and of the wedge for fastening the blade; 3) the scythe shall have no deformations, cracks or burrs, and the scythe blade shall be sharpened; 4) the whetstone for sharpening the scythe shall have a length of not less than 20 cm; 5) when sharpening the scythe, the whetstone shall be held by the handle; 6) during mowing, no other workers shall be present in the working area within a radius of not less than 5 m; 7) the amount of vegetation caught by the scythe shall be commensurate with the resistance of the vegetation being cut and the relief of the field (meadow); 8) striking the scythe against foreign objects shall be avoided; 9) when moving with the scythe on the shoulder, a distance of not less than 5 m from the person walking ahead shall be maintained; 10) cleaning of the scythe blade shall be carried out with a bunch of vegetation from the back part of the scythe.
181. Manual work shall be carried out only on those sections of fields and plantations where mechanised work is not being carried out.
182. Hand-held mechanised and electrified tools shall be operated in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers' operating documentation.
183. Before the issue of a power tool, the serviceability of the neutral earthing and of the protective cut-out device shall be checked, if this is provided for by the design.
184. During group work (for example, cleaning or reprocessing crop produce stacked in clamps or piles), workers shall be placed at a distance of not less than 2 m from one another. The dismantling of produce from clamps shall exclude the possibility of the formation of overhangs and voids that may lead to collapse.
185. Work involving the pruning of trees near overhead power lines shall be carried out while observing the distance from the plantings to the outermost conductors of the overhead power lines. Plantings up to 4 m high shall be no closer than 3 m from the projection onto the ground of the outermost conductors of the overhead power lines, and plantings more than 4 m high no closer than a distance equal to the height of the trees. Work using hand tools at a distance of less than 3 m from the projection onto the ground of the outermost conductors of the overhead power lines shall not be permitted.
186. Work involving the pruning of branches of fruit trees and the gathering of fruit shall be carried out during daylight hours. The resumption of this work after rain shall take place only after the trunk and the main skeletal branches have dried.
187. The manual loading of crop produce onto vehicles shall be carried out only when the vehicle is stopped.
188. When loading unpackaged produce in bulk by hand, all workers shall be positioned on one side of the body at a safe distance from the side of the vehicle being loaded.
189. When loading produce packed in boxes, bags and containers, these shall be stacked in the body of the vehicle in such a way as to preclude their spontaneous collapse during transport.
190. When pesticides are used in the process of producing crop produce, employers shall, taking into account the phytosanitary, sanitary and ecological situation, the plants' need for agrochemicals and the state of the fertility of the land (soils), observe the procedure and requirements for the safe handling of pesticides and agrochemicals <4> and these Rules. ——————————-- <4> Federal Law No. 109-FZ of 19 July 1997 "On the Safe Handling of Pesticides and Agrochemicals" (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1997, No. 29, Art. 3510; 2020, No. 31, Art. 5067).
191. The safety of the use of pesticides shall be ensured by the maximum mechanisation and automation of labour-intensive and hazardous work and by compliance with the established regulations (rules for the performance of work, operational technologies, process instructions) that preclude their negative impact on people's health and on the environment.
192. The employer and other officials authorised by the employer who are responsible for the organisation and safety of labour when working with pesticides shall ensure: 1) the timely undergoing by workers engaged in work with pesticides of preliminary (upon recruitment) and periodic medical examinations; 2) the admission to work of professionally trained persons who have undergone labour protection training and have no contraindications, with the completion of a permit to work; 3) the training of workers engaged in carrying out work with pesticides in measures for providing first aid in cases of pesticide poisoning; 4) the maximum mechanisation and automation of labour-intensive and hazardous work (for example, loading and unloading work, the preparation of working solutions and the filling of sprayers with them); 5) the provision of those working with pesticides with personal protective equipment, the centralised laundering of protective clothing, and the preparation of specially equipped places for eating and rest; 6) the availability, at the places of work with pesticides and agrochemicals, of first-aid kits for providing pre-medical first aid in cases of poisoning, stocked with the technical means and preparations specified in the recommendations for the use of the pesticides employed, where such technical means and preparations may be used for providing pre-medical first aid; 7) the exclusion of the presence of workers not connected with the work concerned at the places where pesticides are used; 8) the monitoring of the condition and well-being of workers, of the length of the working day, and of the periods and safety measures for the resumption of work on plots treated with pesticides, within the periods established in the technical and process documentation; 9) the taking of an inventory of the chemical treatment means used not less than once a year; 10) the availability of a set of regulatory legal acts containing the State regulatory requirements of labour protection in accordance with the specific nature of the activity of the economic entity; 11) the application of disciplinary measures to workers who violate safety requirements.
193. Before pesticide treatments are carried out, not later than 3 days beforehand, the officials responsible for carrying out this work shall ensure that the population of nearby populated areas is notified of the planned work. At the boundaries of the areas (plots) treated with pesticides, boards (uniform safety signs) shall be displayed bearing the wording "Treated with pesticides" and containing information on precautionary measures and on the possible periods for entering those territories. The safety signs shall be placed within sight of one another, shall stand out in contrast against the surrounding background and shall be within the field of view of the persons for whom they are intended. The safety signs shall be removed only after the end of the established periods for workers to enter for field work, harvesting and other work.
194. When handling pesticides, the sanitary protection zones and the minimum separation distances from populated places, water bodies and health and sanatorium-resort institutions shall be observed. In doing so, the direction of the wind and the possibility of a change in the direction of the air flows during the period of the protective work shall be taken into account. The dimensions of the sanitary protection zones when treating agricultural land with pesticides shall be adopted in accordance with the established requirements <5>. ——————————-- <5> SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03 "Sanitary Protection Zones and Sanitary Classification of Enterprises, Structures and Other Facilities", approved by Resolution No. 74 of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 25 September 2007 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 25 January 2008, registration No. 10995), as amended by Resolutions of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 25 of 10 April 2008 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 7 May 2008, registration No. 11637), No. 61 of 6 October 2009 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 27 October 2009, registration No. 15115), No. 122 of 9 September 2010 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 12 October 2010, registration No. 18699), No. 31 of 25 April 2014 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 20 May 2014, registration No. 32330).
195. To ensure the safety of beekeeping products and to protect bees from the effects of pesticides, the treatment of plots near apiaries shall be carried out in the late hours by spraying with ground-based apparatus, with notification of the owners of the apiaries of the need to prevent the departure of bees before the period established for the use of the specific preparations.
196. Working solutions of pesticides shall be prepared: 1) at special solution-mixing units and filling sites (points) having a hard surface and a slope for collecting waste water into a specially equipped place or special tanks; 2) directly in the tanks (vats) at the places where pesticides are used. Production sites for the preparation of working solutions and for filling ground-based apparatus with pesticide solutions shall be equipped at a distance of not less than 500 m from residential, industrial and public buildings, livestock and poultry farms, water sources, places of concentration of wild animals and birds, and from the banks of fishery water bodies.
197. At the sites for the preparation of pesticide solutions, there shall be apparatus for the preparation of working solutions, water reservoirs, tanks with sealed lids and devices for filling the sprayer reservoirs (a pump, hoses), scales with weights, small auxiliary implements, meteorological instruments, slaked lime for neutralising places of accidental spillage of working pesticide solutions, a first-aid kit, soap, a towel, a washstand and personal protective equipment for the workers.
198. The quantity of preparations located at the filling site shall not exceed the norm for one day's use.
199. Before the use of pesticides begins, the serviceability of the equipment shall be checked, the application rate shall be adjusted and trial treatments shall be carried out, using clean water as the working solution.
200. The filling of sprayers shall be carried out by a closed method through sealed hoses. Before filling the sprayers, to avoid clogging of the spraying nozzles, non-uniform liquids that are formed during the preparation of solutions from emulsion concentrates, pastes, wettable powders and the like shall be filtered.
201. The filling of the tanks is monitored by a level gauge. Opening the hatches and checking the filling of the sprayer visually shall be prohibited. When filling the tanks, workers shall remain on the windward side, preventing the preparations from reaching the breathing zone and the exposed parts of workers' bodies.
202. Tractor cabs during the application of pesticides shall be glazed and closed.
203. When applying pesticides, the movement of machine-and-tractor units shall be carried out against the wind. Workers using knapsack sprayers shall not be positioned on the leeward side relative to one another, so as to prevent them from entering the spraying zone. When applying pesticides by the group method, the distance between units moving across the field shall be set at not less than 50 m.
204. Pesticide treatments of crops using fan-type and boom-type tractor sprayers shall be carried out at a wind speed of not more than 4 m/s, a relative air humidity of not less than 40 per cent and not more than 80 per cent, in accordance with the recommendations for the use of the specific types of pesticides.
205. The application of pesticides to the soil (granules, solutions, powders, liquefied gases) shall be permitted only by means of special apparatus. The application of granulated pesticides to the soil using the fertiliser-sowing devices of fertiliser drills shall be prohibited.
206. When applying pesticides with sprayers, the conformity of the pressure in the delivery line and of the speed of travel of the unit, and compliance with the prescribed application rate, shall be monitored. Overdosing of the working fluid shall not be permitted. On completion of the work, leaving pesticides or prepared working solutions unguarded shall be prohibited.
207. Aerodromes of agricultural aviation shall be equipped with degassing sites for the periodic cleaning of aircraft, apparatus, containers and workers' protective clothing from pesticides.
208. During all work involving the loading of an aircraft, the workers carrying it out shall position themselves so that dust or spray from the working solutions is carried away from the workers.
209. The aircraft and apparatus shall, after the completion of aerial chemical work, be cleaned of pesticide residues. The waste water formed in the process of washing aircraft and their equipment shall be collected in specially equipped receptacles and subjected to neutralisation.
210. The frequency and periods of use of pesticides, the periods for workers to enter treated areas for carrying out manual and mechanised plant-care work, and the time of the last treatment before harvesting shall be established in accordance with the norms specified in the process documentation. Repair work in greenhouses, the need for which cannot be governed by those periods, is carried out using personal protective equipment, after instruction has been given and with an appropriate entry in the log.
211. Mechanised work on plots treated with pesticides, during the waiting periods for the admission of people, may be carried out only where the tractors have sealed cabs, using personal protective equipment.
212. The use of pesticides in protected-ground conditions shall be carried out in compliance with the process regulations and the requirements of labour protection and of these Rules.
213. When using pesticides in protected ground, the preparation of working solutions shall be carried out in a separate room (a solution-mixing unit) fitted with exhaust ventilation, where neutralising and washing agents, primary fire-extinguishing means and a first-aid kit are available, using personal protective equipment. The preparation of working solutions and the filling of sprayers may be carried out only at specially equipped sites and stationary filling points fitted with mechanisation means (for example, pumps, agitators, pumps) and the means mentioned above.
214. The main pipelines for supplying pesticide solutions to greenhouses shall be stationary and shall be located in the connecting corridor and along the central passages of the greenhouses. At the inlet of the pipeline for supplying pesticide solutions to a greenhouse, the installation of pressure gauges and valves shall be provided for.
215. The use of pesticides in greenhouses shall be permitted only after all plant-care work has been carried out. Continuous and selective treatment of plants with pesticides is carried out in the absence of persons working in the greenhouses. During the manual treatment of plants with pesticides in greenhouses, workers shall be positioned at a distance of not less than 10 m from one another. The spray plume shall be directed to the side opposite to the workers, electrical installations and utility lines. After work using pesticides has been carried out, the greenhouse shall be locked, with a sign "Caution. Treated with pesticides" placed at the entrance. The resumption of work shall take place after the expiry of the established exposure time and not earlier than the regulated periods for workers to enter.
216. The entry of workers into greenhouses shall be carried out after through ventilation, with the transom windows fully open. On the first day of work, workers shall, in addition to the available personal protective equipment, be provided with aprons and oversleeves with a film coating, rubber gloves with a textile lining and boots.
217. The steaming of soil in greenhouses in the summer period shall be carried out with the transom windows fully open. The treatment of soil with pesticides shall be carried out in the mandatory absence of workers not connected with the work being carried out.
218. When replacing the soil in greenhouses, soil contaminated with pesticides in excess of the established standards shall be neutralised in accordance with the requirements set out in the recommendations for the use of the specific pesticides.
219. Waste water and drainage water shall be neutralised before their discharge.
220. The production facilities and areas on which the use of poisoned baits is envisaged, and the need for rodenticides, bait products, machines, implements and labour, are determined on the basis of the results of a survey of the territory, the counting of the number of rodents and the indicator of the biological effectiveness of previously carried out treatments.
221. Poisoned baits are prepared in a specially designated room fitted with a fume cupboard, with a floor of cement or covered with ceramic tiles, in compliance with the general requirements established in this Chapter of the Rules.
222. Poisoned baits are spread using mounted mineral fertiliser spreaders. When laying out baits by hand, dosing measures are used. The bait is placed into the burrows of rodents or into other natural or artificial shelters of theirs.
223. The scattering or open spreading of poisoned baits in populated areas or around them, within the boundaries of grazing of livestock and ranging of poultry, around livestock and poultry farms within a radius of 500 m, or in places of concentration of wild animals and birds, shall not be permitted.
224. Around non-residential premises, livestock farms and complexes, and places of concentration of wild animals and birds, within a radius of not less than 300 m, the laying out of baits shall be permitted only into vertical burrows or bait boxes.
225. Unused bait (together with the substrates for its application) is returned to the store (to the places of preparation), for which an appropriate entry is made by an official in the log of the movement of baits. Accidentally scattered bait is neutralised in accordance with the requirements specified on the packaging label and in the recommendations for the use of the specific preparation.
226. After the completion of the work, the site for preparing baits is cleaned of spilled bait and neutralised in accordance with the requirements specified on the packaging label and in the recommendations for the use of the specific preparation.
227. Fumigation work in premises (empty warehouses, grain, potato and vegetable stores) shall be carried out by special crews of no fewer than three persons, provided with personal protective equipment and holding admission (authorisation) to carry out the specified work.
228. When carrying out fumigation work, the requirements set out in the recommendations (instructions) for the use of specific preparations shall be observed.
229. During transport, cylinders shall be placed with their caps facing one direction and secured; during loading and unloading, they shall be protected from jolts, dropping and impacts. Lowering cylinders from vehicles cap-downwards and carrying them by holding the valve shall be prohibited. Cylinders shall be stored in an upright position, using support shoes, at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.
230. Before gassing, the serviceability of the valves of all cylinders shall be checked. If the cap does not unscrew easily by hand, it shall be unscrewed with a spanner. Striking the cylinder with a hammer shall not be permitted. When using fumigants stored in drums, the drums shall be opened with special keys. Heating the plugs or knocking them out with chisel blows shall be prohibited.
231. From the start of fumigation (gassing) until the completion of degassing, round-the-clock protection of the facility shall be ensured. Workers guarding the facility shall have breathing apparatus and undergo labour protection instruction.
232. Gassing of facilities located at a distance of less than 200 m from residential and industrial premises with a permanent presence of people, and 100 m from railway and motor trunk roads, shall not be permitted.
233. Gassing of facilities shall not be permitted at an outdoor air temperature below 10 °C and an indoor temperature above 25 °C, at an air movement speed exceeding 3 m/s.
234. The use of sulphur-based preparations for fumigation may be permitted only for unloaded storage premises. In this case, people, animals and food products shall not be present in adjacent premises.
235. Before treatment with aerosols, the premises (empty warehouses, grain, potato and vegetable stores) shall be sealed and cleaned.
236. In the area where gassing is carried out, the use of open flame shall be prohibited. When carrying out gassing and degassing work, eating and smoking tobacco shall be prohibited. At the boundary of the gassing zone, warning signs indicating safety measures shall be posted.
237. Degassing of premises subjected to fumigation is carried out within the periods specified in the recommendations (instructions) for the use of specific preparations, by ventilation using supply-and-exhaust ventilation or ventilation through windows and doors. When pesticides whose vapours are heavier than air are used for fumigation, ventilation of the basement premises shall be ensured after the completion of the work.
238. Degassing actions shall include raising the temperature in the premises by 2 - 3 °C above the initial temperature for the fumigation period (for which purpose the windows and doors are closed for 12 - 16 hours), with subsequent ventilation until the fumigant disappears.
239. The completion of degassing is established by the person in charge of the work, with the drawing up of written permission for the right to use the premises. Admission of workers to the treated premises is possible after the expiry of the established degassing periods, after through-ventilation, and where the fumigant content in the air of the working area does not exceed hygienic standards. To increase the objectivity of monitoring, the premises shall be closed 2 hours before the check for completeness of degassing.
240. By the start of harvesting work, the following organisational activities shall be carried out by the employer: 1) the preparation of tractors and harvesting machines shall be completed; 2) harvesting-and-transport complexes (teams) shall be created, with the machinery assigned to the workers; 3) maintenance teams shall be organised; 4) field camps and rest areas for workers, and areas for storing machinery and fuel and lubricants, shall be equipped on the allocated plots; 5) the fields shall be prepared and the sag of the overhead power line wires checked; 6) labour protection instruction of the workers at the workplace shall be carried out.
241. When carrying out labour protection instruction of workers at the workplace, the condition of the crop being harvested, the weather conditions, the type of harvesting machinery and vehicles, and the number and qualifications of the workers shall be taken into account.
242. Before the start of harvesting work, all workers involved in it shall undergo fire-safety instruction. Workplaces, harvesting units and vehicles shall be equipped with fire-extinguishing means and fitted with serviceable spark arresters. Combine harvesters and chassis with mounted threshers shall be equipped with two fire extinguishers, two digging spades and two mops. Tractors and other self-propelled agricultural machines shall have a fire extinguisher and a digging spade.
243. Before grain crops ripen, fields at points where they are located close to forest and peat areas, the steppe belt, and motor and railway roads shall be mown and ploughed with a strip no less than 4 m wide.
244. The making-up of harvesting complexes shall be carried out taking into account the qualifications of the workers, so that during group work the more qualified workers help the less qualified ones to act in emergency situations with the least risk to health.
245. The harvesting of grain crops shall begin with the division of the grain fields into plots with an area equal to the combine's daily output. Between the plots, mown strips no less than 8 m wide shall be made. The mown windrows from the mown strips shall be removed immediately. In the middle of the mown strips, a ploughed strip no less than 4 m wide is made.
246. By the start of mass harvesting, the headland strips on the plots being harvested shall be cleared of the process product.
247. In the immediate vicinity of the grain fields being harvested, a tractor with a plough shall be present in case of fire.
248. Engine radiators, the shafts of beaters, straw stuffers, conveyors and pick-ups, augers and other components and parts of harvesting machines shall be cleaned in good time of dust, straw, grain and windings of the process product.
249. When harvesting grain and grain-legume crops at a moisture content of more than 20 per cent and lodging of the grain mass, combines shall be equipped with special stem lifters and wooden shovels to clear blockages and process failures.
250. During the operation of combines in the field or their movement along roads, the presence of the combine operator's assistant or other workers on the combine shall be prohibited.
251. When unloading grain from the hopper of a combine harvester while on the move, the frontal distance between the harvesting unit and the vehicle shall be no less than 1.5 m.
252. In field conditions, refuelling with petroleum products shall be carried out on special areas cleared of dry grass and flammable litter and ploughed around with a strip of no less than 4 m, or on ploughed land at a distance of 100 m from threshing floors, stacks of hay and straw, and grain fields, and no less than 50 m from buildings. The refuelling of tractors, combines and other machines with fuel shall be carried out by mechanised means.
253. When carrying out harvesting work, the responsible person appointed by the employer shall ensure that adjustments and the clearing of process failures and technical failures are carried out only when the working parts of the machines are disengaged and the engines (electric motors) are switched off, and that, after faults have been cleared, the protective guards of the mechanical drives are refitted to the places provided for by the machine's design.
254. When carrying out maintenance of harvesting machines and transport units during hours of darkness, artificial lighting of the areas shall be organised.
255. The production processes of straw harvesting shall be coordinated with the technology of grain crop harvesting.
256. When harvesting grain crops with simultaneous chopping and collection of chaff and straw into trailed vehicles, the safety of workers shall be ensured by carrying out the following activities: 1) equipping combine harvesters and vehicles with an automatic coupling allowing a full trailer to be detached and an empty trailer to be attached while on the move; 2) coordinating the trajectory and travel speeds of the tractor and the combine when replacing the trailer while on the move; 3) excluding the participation of additional workers (the combine operator's assistant) in the process of coupling the combines to the trailer.
257. When harvesting straw laid in cocks, involving the dragging or pushing together of the cocks and their subsequent laying into a rick or stack, the safety of workers shall be ensured by carrying out the following activities: 1) assembling machine-and-tractor units, when dragging cocks together with cable drag sweeps, from two tractors of the same type (wheeled or tracked) and the same traction class. The use of narrow-gauge tracked tractors for these purposes shall not be permitted; 2) using serviceable cable drag sweeps with steel ropes no less than 18 mm in diameter. Where it is necessary to lengthen the ropes of the drag sweep, steel ropes of the same diameter as the ropes of the drag sweep shall be used. The splicing of the ropes shall be carried out with clamps in no fewer than three places. The ends of the ropes of the haulage cables of the drag sweeps, and also the splicing points, shall be carefully finished off over a length of 0.5 m and covered with tarpaulin or other dense material. The splicing of ropes by tying knots shall be prohibited; 3) carrying out per-shift inspections and rejecting haulage cables where more than 12 broken wires are found in cross-lay rope and 6 in one-directional-lay rope. Cable drag sweeps with rejected haulage cables shall not be permitted for use; 4) increasing the stability of the units by setting the tractor wheels to the maximum track width and equipping the tractors with counterbalance weights fitted to the front part of the tractor or to its mounted system (depending on the location of the mounted equipment); 5) appointing an additional worker to coordinate the actions of the tractor drivers when uncoupling the drag sweep from the tractor and starting the machines moving after uncoupling. The worker shall be positioned in front of the unit within the field of view of both tractor drivers. The tractor drivers shall begin moving only after the worker has given the established command; 6) regulating the speed regimes of tractor movement when transporting the drag load, moving the machines away from the drag load without sharp turns, and transporting the drag sweep sideways.
258. The travel speed of tractors when dragging hay (straw) together with cable drag sweeps shall be no more than 5 km/h.
259. When machines and units used in haymaking and hay preparation are moving, being in the path of their movement shall be prohibited. When coupling mowers to a tractor, approaching the hitch device from the side of the cutting apparatus shall be prohibited.
260. The cleaning, adjustment and clearing of faults of hay-harvesting machines and units shall be carried out when the working parts are stopped and the tractor engine is switched off.
261. Before loading a cock onto the cock transporter, the tractor driver shall make sure that there are no people in the cock, next to it or in the zone of movement of the unit, and shall give the signal to begin moving.
262. The travel speed of a tractor with a mounted cock transporter shall not exceed 10 km/h.
263. Lifting and transporting a load with a mass greater than the value permitted for the given cock transporter shall be prohibited.
264. The safety of workers when laying hay or straw into ricks or stacks shall be ensured by carrying out the following activities: 1) forming a crew (team) of rick-builders from among persons who have undergone labour protection training for work at height; 2) appointing a senior rick-builder to provide direction of the actions of the tractor driver, the hay stacker and the rick-builders; 3) providing workers with serviceable tools (pitchforks) and safety-provision means (leaning or rope ladders, a safety rope to hold the ladder, a metal rod no less than 14 mm in diameter and no less than 2 m long), signalling means (a whistle, flags) and workers' personal protective equipment.
265. Persons holding a tractor-machine operator's certificate and having undergone labour protection training may be admitted to work on hay stackers and to the servicing of balers and bale stackers.
266. Persons who have undergone a medical examination and have no contraindications for work at height may be admitted to work as rick-builders. Pregnant women shall not be permitted to work on the ricking of hay (straw).
267. The number of rick-builders simultaneously present on a rick shall not exceed six persons, and they shall be positioned no closer than 1.5 m from the edge of the rick.
268. Once the rick reaches a height of 2 m, a layer of straw 2 m wide and 1 m high shall be laid around it (to soften the impact if a worker falls from the rick).
269. When straw (hay) is fed onto the rick by the hay stacker, the rick-builders shall be positioned at a distance no closer than 3 m from the rake grid.
270. When workers ascend or descend from the rick, leaning or rope ladders shall be used, which shall be secured at their upper part with safety ropes connected to a metal rod inserted perpendicularly into the lower part of the rick from the reverse side to a depth of no less than 1 m. Raising rick-builders onto the rick and lowering them from it by means of the hay stacker shall be prohibited.
271. When the formation of the rick is being completed, no more than 2 persons shall remain on it.
272. Ricking (stacking) may be carried out only during daylight hours and at a wind speed of no more than 6 m/s. Carrying out the work during a thunderstorm shall be prohibited.
273. During the harvesting of straw and hay from windrows by mechanised means using balers and pick-up cockers, the safety of workers shall be ensured by carrying out the following activities: 1) forming the width of the windrows so as to match the pick-up width of the pick-ups; 2) monitoring the presence and serviceability of the protective casings on the cardan shafts that transmit torque from the tractor's power take-off shaft to the power input shaft of the machines being coupled. The protective casing shall be securely fixed by attachment to the stationary parts of the tractor and the trailed machine.
274. When using a baler in stationary conditions, the safety of workers shall be ensured by carrying out the following activities: 1) organising the feeding of the mass to the intake chamber from a distance no closer than 1.5 m using serviceable pitchforks. When feeding the mass, the pitchforks shall not come closer than 0.5 m to the intake chamber; 2) installing additional portable guards preventing workers' access to the intake chamber and to the rotation zone of the cardan shaft flywheel.
275. During the operation of the baler, being near the flywheel, on the pressing chamber or the hitch device, and looking into the pressing chamber, shall be prohibited.
276. Only special wire (twine) shall be used for tying bales. During operation, adjusting the wire (twine) by hand in the tying apparatus and pulling knots off the knotter hook shall be prohibited.
277. During adjustments, the placing of hands near the piston shall not be allowed. When cleaning the pressing chamber through the loading window, the piston shall be moved to its extreme forward position and the tractor engine switched off.
278. The laying of bales into ricks, hay barns or the body of vehicles shall be carried out in a bonded pattern. Workers located in the body shall not approach the edge of the body closer than 1.5 m.
279. Rolls shall be laid into piles vertically, by mechanised means (in a staggered pattern).
280. When laying rolls or bales, tilting of the pile shall not be permitted. A pile that has tilted shall be secured with stops, guys and other props, which shall not be removed until the pile is completely dismantled.
281. When laying rolls or bales with the aid of loaders, the presence of workers under raised rolls or bales and within the reach of the machine's boom shall not be permitted.
282. Ventilation installations for drying hay in ricks and in premises shall be mounted and operated in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's operating documentation.
283. The starting and protective apparatus (knife switches, switches, magnetic starters) of ventilation installations and mechanisms shall be of enclosed design, and the electric motors, the housings of the starting, protective and regulating apparatus of the power cabinets, the distribution boards and other parts of the equipment shall be earthed or connected to neutral.
284. The electric cable supplying the ventilation installations and other equipment shall be protected from damage or suspended at a height inaccessible to contact by machines and people. Laying the cable in wet ground without it being enclosed in a pipe shall not be permitted.
285. On the moving parts of electric motors, fans and transmission mechanisms there shall be guards, and at the fan inlet opening there shall be a grid with 0.05 x 0.05 m cells.
286. Ventilation installations equipped with an air heater shall be located at a distance of no less than 5 m from the hay storage location.
287. Heated air shall be supplied to the air-duct channel through a metal air duct or a tarpaulin hose impregnated with a fire-resistant compound.
288. Inspection and cleaning of the channels of the air-distribution system shall be carried out by a crew consisting of no fewer than two workers, one of whom is an observer.
289. The start-up of ventilation installations shall be carried out sequentially. Starting two or more installations simultaneously shall not be permitted.
290. When laying feed into hay barns, the following safety requirements shall be observed: 1) workers shall be warned of the switching-on of the pneumatic conveyor (conveyor) and the coarse-feed stacker by a light or sound signal; 2) the conveyor, the loading hopper and the grab shall be loaded evenly; overloading of the conveyor, the grab and the loading hopper shall not be permitted; 3) after repair, tools and foreign objects shall not remain on the conveyor, in the loading hopper or on the grab; 4) during the operation of hay-store equipment, touching the tensioning rollers, the conveyor belts, the electric motors and other moving parts by hand shall be prohibited; 5) adjusting the load on the conveyor belt while on the move shall be prohibited; 6) the removal of stuck objects shall be carried out after the working parts of the machines and equipment, the electric motors and the fan have come to a complete stop; 7) cleaning of the pneumatic conveyor shall be carried out through special hatches intended for this purpose; 8) when loading (unloading) feed into (from) hay barns under the monorail, the transport shall be brought in from the drive side; 9) when working on the coarse-feed stacker, the worker controlling the trolley drive and the grab mechanism shall watch the signals of the worker located in the body of the transport and providing the gripping of the load by the grab.
291. Work on loading hay barns shall be carried out wearing mittens and protective goggles, to avoid injury to the hands and eyes from the sharp ends of straw (hay), and also clogging of the eyes.
292. When dismantling a rick and unloading feed from hay barns, the formation of overhanging ledges shall not be permitted.
293. The harvesting of silage crops with machines equipped with feed rollers shall begin, to avoid their excessive clogging with wet mass, after the dew has cleared or the moisture has dried. In doing so, the fastening of the knives of the chopping drum shall be checked.
294. Before the silage-harvesting machine (unit) begins to move, the tractor driver (operator) shall make sure that there are no tools, parts or other foreign objects on the conveyor, in the cutting apparatus and other components, and no people near the machine or in the zone of its movement.
295. The operation of silage-harvesting combines with the hatches of the chopping drums open shall not be permitted.
296. When sharpening the knives of the chopping drum using the sharpening device fitted on the combine, the following requirements shall be observed: 1) the sharpening of the knives shall be carried out at medium engine speed of the tractor or self-propelled machine (the rotation speed of the chopping drum shall be 600 - 800 rpm); 2) the transverse feed of the grinding stone shall be carried out gradually (by one click of the retainer); 3) during the sharpening of the knives, hands and various objects shall not enter the chamber of the chopping drum; 4) tools and other objects that could get under the drum knives shall not be placed on the sharpening device; 5) when sharpening, one shall be positioned to the side of the combine (the chamber of the chopping drum); 6) the sharpening shall be carried out wearing protective goggles.
297. The replacement of the knives of the chopping drum shall be carried out wearing mittens, with the machine (tractor) engine switched off and the drum secured against accidental turning.
298. The cover of the chopping drum shall be opened after the drum has come to a complete stop.
299. The replacement of the knife of the cutting apparatus shall be carried out by two workers wearing mittens. During removal (installation), the knife shall be held and pulled (pushed) by its heel, and jamming of the knife in the finger bar shall be cleared with a wooden block no less than 0.4 m long.
300. The cleaning, adjustment and clearing of faults of silage-harvesting machines shall be carried out when the working parts are stopped and the engine of the tractor (self-propelled machine) is switched off.
301. The presence of people in the bodies of motor vehicles or tractor trailers while they are being filled with green mass or other process products, and also during the transport of the product to the place of storage or ensiling, shall not be permitted.
302. Silage storage sites shall not be located in the immediate vicinity of wells and bodies of water with drinking water, or under power lines.
303. The angles of exit from and entry into the silage trench, and of descent from the clamp and the mound, shall be no more than 20°.
304. In trench stores of the above-ground and semi-buried types, the side walls shall be banked up with a slope of no more than 9° over a width of no less than 6 m. The banking shall begin 0.2 m below the upper edge of the side wall.
305. At a distance of no less than 1 m from the edge of the trench, on the side where vehicles are unloaded, a reliable safety bar shall be installed.
306. The slope angle of the area for manoeuvring vehicles near the trench shall not exceed 6°.
307. On the entry and exit side of the trench and the clamps, access roads and level areas sufficient for manoeuvring vehicles shall be prepared.
308. Work on the laying of silage (haylage) shall be carried out during daylight hours. In trenches of the buried type, the compacting of the silage (haylage) mass may be carried out during hours of darkness by a single tractor, in the absence of auxiliary workers in the trench and with stationary lighting of the entire surface of the working area.
309. The person responsible for ensuring the labour protection of workers during the laying of silage is the person in charge of the work, appointed by the employer. The senior person in the crew (team) during the laying of silage (haylage) by the above-ground method is the tractor-machine operator of the compacting tractor, and during laying into a tower - the operator of the unit supplying the silage mass.
310. For compacting the silage (haylage) mass on mounds and clamps, general-purpose tracked tractors of no lower than traction class 3 or wheeled agricultural tractors of no lower than traction class 4, fitted with a rollover protection device, shall be used. On a mound or clamp, the operation of only one tractor may be permitted.
311. Trenches not in use shall be fenced off, and those not subject to further use shall be filled in.
312. When laying silage or haylage into silage (haylage) towers, it is necessary to: 1) make sure there are no people in the tower; 2) check the fastening of the loader to the loading pipeline; 3) check the condition of the pneumatic conveyor and the mass distributor and carry out a test switch-on of them; 4) suspend work if faults in the machines or equipment are found; 5) carry out work on sealing the mass in the tower and servicing its internal equipment only on condition that the unloader is at a height of no more than 0.4 - 0.6 m from the surface of the mass; 6) ensure artificial ventilation of the filled tower for 1 hour before workers enter it to seal the mass with film, and periodic ventilation for 15 - 20 minutes every 30 minutes of work; 7) suspend work during a thunderstorm and move the workers away from the tower to a distance of no less than 50 m, to the place designated for rest.
313. When laying silage into a tower, the presence of workers in the tower for more than 2 hours shall not be permitted, including during interruptions in the supply of the mass. During interruptions in the supply of the mass, the workers shall leave the tower. After interruptions in the supply of the mass, and in cases where the tower has not been used for a long time, the resumption of work shall be permitted only after it has been ventilated for 2 hours.
314. Before the start of harvesting work, the technical condition and making-up of the machines used for harvesting, loading and transporting root and tuber crops shall be checked. In doing so, the following shall be checked: 1) the serviceability of the folding part of the hopper, the conveyors, the puller apparatus, the digging and cutting mechanisms, the haulm removers, the bearing housings and the parts on shafts with a high number of revolutions; 2) the presence and fixing of the protective casing of the cardan shaft, and of the folding and removable guards of the working parts and transmissions; 3) the proper operation of the two-way sound signalling; 4) the presence and serviceability of devices for cleaning the working parts of the machines; 5) the presence and integrity of the awning for protecting workers from precipitation (where they are provided for on the machines).
315. Trailed and semi-mounted root-harvesting combines (machines) shall be coupled to the tractor by means of a special cross-beam supplied as part of the set with the combine (machine). Coupling the combine (machine) to the tractor using other draw-and-coupling devices shall not be permitted.
316. The replacement (where necessary) of worn knives and discs of the cutting and trimming mechanisms, and the setting of the clearances between the digger discs and of the clearances in the tapered bearings of the diggers, shall be carried out wearing mittens after the working parts and components have been secured against turning.
317. Before starting the machine (unit) into operation (at the beginning of a run and after a forced stop in the furrow), the person in charge of the unit shall make sure that the workers are in their places, that the entrance to the platform is closed off by a guard bar or a chain, and that there are no people at or under the machine, and shall give a signal to the tractor driver. The signal for switching on the machine and beginning to move is given by the person in charge of the unit - the combine operator (machine operator). Where an emergency stop of the machine is necessary, the signal may be given by any of those working on the unit. At any stop, the tractor driver shall immediately switch off the tractor's power take-off shaft or disengage the drive of the working parts.
318. The cleaning of the working parts of harvesting machines shall be carried out only when the engine is not running, using hooks and cleaners intended for this purpose. Before the start of repair work under the unit, it shall be braked, stops placed under the wheels, and where it is necessary to jack it up, special stands ensuring the stable position of the machine shall be used. The use of boxes, stones, bricks or machine parts as supports (stands) shall be prohibited.
319. The presence of workers in front of and behind the haulm chopper shall be prohibited.
320. Between the unit, the combine, the machine and the vehicle during loading while on the move, a distance of no less than 1.5 m shall be maintained, to avoid a side collision.
321. The non-mechanised levelling of root and tuber crops in the body of a vehicle while it is moving, and the presence of people within the reach of the combine's unloading conveyor, shall not be permitted.
322. Before unloading root and tuber crops into a storage clamp with a tipper, the driver of the vehicle shall make sure that there are no people in the danger zone, and only after that switch on the hydraulic lift.
323. The part of the harvest remaining in the vehicle after unloading shall be removed with a scraper or a shovel with an extended handle, without the worker climbing into the body.
324. The manual picking-up of tubers, the picking-out of root crops, their additional cleaning and packing shall be carried out on those parts of the fields where mechanised work is not being conducted. Where containers (packaging) for the cleaned produce are available, they shall be placed within the worker's arm's reach.
325. The manual cleaning of roots from the haulm shall be carried out in the following sequence: 1) put a glove on the left hand; 2) take the root so that the haulm is on the right side; 3) with a movement of the knife away from oneself, cut off the haulm at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from the crown; 4) the root crop is thrown into the packaging, the container or onto the platform. During group work on cleaning and sorting root crops from storage clamps, a distance of no less than 2 m shall be maintained between the workers.
326. The manual loading of root and tuber crops shall be carried out into vehicles that are in a braked state with the engine switched off. When loading in bulk, the workers shall be positioned on one side of the vehicle at a safe distance in case it begins to move. When loading in bulk, the root and tuber crops shall not rise above the side of the body (standard or extended).
327. When carrying out work on insulating (covering) a storage clamp using a piercing hand tool (pitchforks), the workers shall be positioned at a distance of no less than 5 m from one another.
328. During the operation of a bulldozer or a clamp-coverer when covering clamps and storage clamps with earth, the workers shall be moved away to a safe distance from the operating machines.
329. When operating the clamp-coverer, the areas for the clamps shall be cleared of stones and shrubs, the cardan drive of the rotor drive shall be guarded with a casing, and there shall be no people in the plane of its rotation.
330. The provision of radiation safety for workers engaged in carrying out agricultural work in conditions of radioactive contamination of the territory is carried out by implementing the following basic requirements: 1) not exceeding the established limits of absorbed doses; 2) excluding any unjustified irradiation; 3) reducing irradiation to the lowest possible level and reducing the number of persons exposed to irradiation.
331. The principal actions aimed at reducing the harmful effect of radiation on workers during agricultural work in conditions of radioactive contamination of the territory shall include: 1) the workers' awareness of the radiation situation at the workplace; 2) the application of organisational and technical actions to reduce the level of radiation at workplaces; 3) monitoring of the implementation and effectiveness of protective and health-improvement actions.
332. The employer shall have maps of radioactive contamination of the territory, in accordance with which agricultural production is planned on the basis of recommendations for the conduct of agriculture in the region concerned.
333. The activities of organisations for the production and processing of agricultural products shall provide for anti-erosion and other actions that prevent the migration of radionuclides to uncontaminated land, into water bodies, into the territory of populated areas, and to other places.
334. Radiation monitoring and individual dosimetric monitoring are carried out by the radiation monitoring service or by a labour protection specialist who has completed training in ensuring radiation safety.
335. The following shall be subject to radiation monitoring: 1) the territory of the economic entity, including the places where rainwater drains from the roofs of buildings and structures, and the external surfaces of buildings and structures - at least once a year; 2) workplaces, amenity premises, places for eating and rest, the internal surfaces of buildings and structures, protective clothing, and agricultural machinery - at least 2 times a month; 3) feed, feed additives, and locally produced products - as they are procured; 4) agricultural animals; 5) products of animal origin.
336. Where the levels of radioactive contamination are exceeded, their decontamination is carried out. For this purpose, washing and decontaminating agents shall be used.
337. The decontamination of the external and internal surfaces of production buildings and structures is carried out with a jet of water or solution, starting from the highest point of the facility.
338. During the decontamination of technological equipment that is difficult to dismantle (for example, mixers, steamers, cooking boilers), the decontaminating solution is fed into the equipment, after which it is put into operation for 5 to 7 minutes.
339. The frequency of decontamination is established on the basis of the results of radiation monitoring.
340. Within the system of protective measures ensuring the radiation safety of workers engaged in agricultural work in crop production, the principal ones are actions aimed at reducing the external and internal irradiation of workers and the population, reducing the intake of radionuclides into agrocenoses, and obtaining products that meet radiological standards.
341. The production processes and operations during the performance of which external and internal irradiation of workers engaged in agricultural work in crop production may occur include: 1) techniques and operations with increased dust formation in crop-cultivation technologies; 2) transport work; 3) post-harvest finishing of agricultural products; 4) cleaning of production premises and equipment; 5) special work during the removal and burial of the upper, contaminated soil layer, and other actions. In doing so, workers may be exposed to the following harmful radiation factors: 1) ionising radiation from soil, plants, surfaces of production premises, machines and mechanisms, agricultural products, and production waste contaminated with radioactive substances; 2) internal irradiation upon the penetration of radionuclides into the body of workers through the respiratory organs, the gastrointestinal tract, the skin, and the mucous membranes.
342. To reduce the dispersion of the upper soil layer and the dust transfer of solid radioactive particles within soil dust into the air of the working zone, taking into account the features of the terrain and the direction and speed of the wind, the following shall be applied: 1) special agrotechnical and land-reclamation techniques that reduce the number and intensity of mechanical tillage of the soil; 2) wide-coverage combined soil-tillage machines, and the combination of the technological operations of pre-sowing tillage of the soil with the application of fertilisers and pesticides and the sowing of crops.
343. In territories with an increased level of radioactive contamination, machinery equipped with sealed cabs fitted with a filter-ventilation system and a device for monitoring the excess air pressure in the cab shall be used.
344. The cab shall be kept clean. The internal lining of the cab and the seat coverings shall permit wet cleaning and decontamination.
345. When several units operate in the field, their mutual dusting shall be avoided.
346. The use of workers to service sowing and planting machines while they are operating in radioactively contaminated territories shall not be permitted.
347. To exclude the transfer of radioactive substances under conditions of high temperatures in ascending flows of hot air, the burning of stubble, straw, grass, shrubs, and other plant residues shall not be permitted.
348. The processing of grain on the threshing floor or in the storehouse shall be carried out with a view to reducing dust formation. The collected waste shall undergo dosimetric monitoring. Where the standards are exceeded, they shall be stored for subsequent burial in the established places.
349. Protected-ground structures in zones of radioactive contamination of the territory shall be used for growing "clean" products, where soils and substrates, mineral and organic fertilisers, and also water for irrigation, that are not contaminated with radioactive substances, shall be used.
350. The exit of workers from the greenhouse in special clothing and special footwear intended for work in the structure shall not be permitted.
351. Before the entrance to the territory of the greenhouse complex, a site for washing machines shall be equipped, with the diversion of contaminated water into a settling tank. The entry of machines into the territory of the greenhouse complex without prior washing shall not be permitted.
352. The transport routes within the territory of the greenhouse complex shall have an asphalt (concrete) surface.
353. During the processing of agricultural products, the potentially hazardous places and operations of the production processes for processing agricultural products where the irradiation of workers is possible include: 1) the transport routes for the movement of vehicles delivering raw materials to the enterprises; 2) weighing stations and storehouses for raw materials (open and closed); 3) operations during the unloading of raw materials; 4) operations for washing raw materials; 5) stores (storehouses) for production waste; 6) treatment facilities and settling pits. In doing so, workers may be exposed to the following harmful production factors: 1) ionising radiation from territories, surfaces of the main and auxiliary production premises, machines and equipment, products of production, and waste contaminated with radioactive substances; 2) internal irradiation upon the entry of radionuclides into the body of workers through the respiratory organs and the gastrointestinal tract, the mucous membranes, and the skin.
354. The radiation safety of workers at the places and operations of the production processes indicated shall be ensured by means of the following actions: 1) increasing the effectiveness of radiometric monitoring; 2) reducing the time of contact of workers with raw materials contaminated with radionuclides; 3) reducing the number of workers at the main places and operations; 4) the workers' awareness of the radiation situation at the workplaces; 5) reducing the level of contamination of workplaces, production premises, and personal protective equipment with radioactive substances; 6) the mechanisation and automation of the technological production processes (preferably complete); 7) improving the sanitary and hygienic conditions of work; 8) training in safe methods of work; 9) the provision and use of personal protective equipment with strict regulation of the wearing periods, depending on the radiation situation in the organisation; 10) compliance with the rules of personal hygiene; 11) compliance with the established regimes of work and rest.
355. Persons who have no medical contraindications and who have passed a check of their knowledge of the labour protection rules for performing work in conditions of radioactive contamination of the territory shall be admitted to the work.
356. The person responsible for organising radiation monitoring and carrying out labour protection actions aimed at reducing the harmful effect of radiation is the employer, who organises the development of and approves the action plans, and also carries out control over their implementation.
357. Officials responsible for carrying out work at the production sites and areas of the economic entity are also responsible for the radiation safety of workers in the area entrusted to them and shall: 1) carry out actions aimed at improving working conditions, reducing injuries and morbidity, and ensuring the radiation safety of the organisation's workers; 2) maintain the correct operation and effective functioning of the ventilation devices; 3) organise the issue to workers of the appropriate special clothing, special footwear, and other personal protective equipment, and monitor their correct use; 4) supervise the workers' compliance with the rules, instructions, and directions on radiation safety matters; 5) develop instructions on radiation safety and communicate them to the workers; 6) systematically conduct briefings and training for workers on radiation safety matters.
358. The routes for the movement of motor vehicles and the pedestrian paths within the territory of the economic entity shall have a hard surface, the arrangement and quality of which shall prevent the accumulation of dirt during the dry and wet cleaning of the territory.
359. Batches of raw materials containing an increased quantity of radionuclides shall be washed free of soil and, after dosimetric monitoring, sent for priority processing, without being placed in long-term storage.
360. The treatment facilities shall be fenced off, and the paths to them shall be asphalted.
361. Technological equipment and implements shall have coatings that ensure the removal of products contaminated with radioactive substances.
362. During the preventive-maintenance period, it is expedient to carry out an additional flushing of the treatment facilities.
363. The use of highly porous materials (for example, wood, highly porous rubber) for the manufacture of implements, gratings, and stands shall be excluded. In the case where the use of a highly porous material cannot be avoided, articles made of it are subjected to decontamination, up to the removal of the surface layer.
364. In the rest room and in the cloakroom, wet cleaning shall be carried out daily. Dry cleaning of the room (other than vacuum cleaning) shall not be permitted.
365. The protective clothing provided to workers shall be sent for centralised laundering at least once a week. After centralised laundering, the protective clothing shall undergo radiation monitoring. In the event of radioactive contamination above the permissible level, the protective clothing shall be subject to burial, and the worker shall be issued with a new set irrespective of the wearing periods.
366. During breaks in work, rest and eating shall take place in enclosed premises, in specially designated places, or in mobile points. Rest and eating on grass, especially near the place where rainwater drains from the roofs of buildings and structures, on forest litter, or in stacks of hay and straw, shall not be permitted.
367. Mechanised threshing floors, complexes, cleaning and drying units, and points for processing fibrous products, vegetables and fruits, root crops, and other products of agricultural production shall be erected in accordance with developed and approved designs, developed taking into account the requirements of the state regulatory requirements for labour protection, fire safety, and the environment.
368. The systems for monitoring and controlling the production processes of the post-harvest treatment of crop-production products shall ensure the reliable protection of workers from the possible manifestation of dangerous or harmful production factors, and also the emergency shutdown of the technological equipment.
369. The storage hoppers of the cleaning and drying complexes for bulk materials shall be fixed to the support columns and the load-bearing elements of the reinforcement of the building frame. Before commissioning and annually before the start of the season, the fastening of the hoppers to the support columns and the load-bearing elements of the building frame shall be checked.
370. The storage hoppers shall be equipped with safety gratings installed at a distance of no more than 0.6 m from the upper edge of the hopper, to prevent workers from being drawn into the funnel that forms during the unloading of the product.
371. Silos and storage hoppers for crop-production products, irrespective of their location, shall be covered with solid coverings, with tightly closing hatches, fitted with safety gratings that lock with a lock, arranged in them. The covers of the hatches for the access of workers into the hoppers shall be located on the same level as the floor.
372. The checking of the temperature of the crop-production products stored in silos and storage hoppers shall be carried out with stationary or portable installations. The lowering of workers into silos and storage hoppers for these purposes shall be prohibited.
373. The dump pits and receiving feed hoppers shall be equipped with safety gratings that lock with a lock, railings, or other devices that exclude the possibility of workers falling into them.
374. The descent of workers into silos and hoppers may be carried out where there is a justified production necessity. The descent shall be carried out in the presence of the head of the production subdivision (his deputy) with the issue of a permit to work.
375. The descent of workers into silos and hoppers (for the storage of grain, flour, bran, mixed feed, and other products) shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the labour protection rules for work at height, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 610 of 19 June 2012 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Article 3528), and the requirements of the Rules. The lowering of workers into silos and hoppers more than 3 m high by means of rope folding ladders shall not be permitted.
376. While a worker is inside the silo, moving away from the silo shall not be permitted for the persons taking part in the descent.
377. When performing work in especially dusty conditions, for example, when sweeping the walls of silos and hoppers, workers shall be provided with a hose breathing apparatus.
378. While a worker is inside the silo or hopper, the accidental intake and discharge of grain and other products shall be excluded. On the intake and discharge devices, a sign "Do not open! People are working in the silo" is placed.
379. The responsible person in charge of the work (the shop manager, his deputy, or the foreman) shall personally check the condition of the safety devices used and monitor the observance by each individual worker of the safety measures specified in the permit to work when preparing for the descent, during the lowering, and during the performance of work in the silo.
380. The lighting of hoppers and silos with portable lamps, with the unloading (discharge) mechanisms and equipment switched off, may be carried out at a mains voltage of no more than 12 V (in metal containers) and 50 V (in reinforced-concrete and wooden containers). Portable lamps for lighting hoppers and silos shall be made in a dustproof design and with a protective enclosure. The glass covers of the portable lamps shall be protected with a metal mesh.
381. The safety rope and the hose of the breathing apparatus are payed out as the worker is lowered. In doing so, the second end of the safety rope shall be secured to prevent its accidental release from the hands of the worker paying out this rope. The paying out of the rope shall be carried out through a fixed support, around which the rope shall be wound by at least 360°. The worker being lowered into the silo shall be prohibited from unfastening the safety rope from the belt and leaving the seat. The safety worker holding the other end of the safety rope shall not release it from his hands for the entire time of the descent and of the worker's presence in the silo.
382. The access of workers into silos and hoppers through the lower hatch may be carried out only where a permit to work is available, with the authorisation of the head of the production subdivision (area) or shift (his deputy) and under his supervision.
383. Before admission into a silo or hopper through the hatches in the bottom and through the lower side hatches, they shall be inspected from above to check for the absence of arches or hung masses of grain or other products on the walls. Where such are present, a worker may be admitted into the silo only after the removal of grain or other products from the walls of that silo.
384. During the breaking up of arches and hung masses of grain or other products, the presence of people under the silo or hopper shall not be permitted. A worker working in the silo shall be located above the arch or above the level of the hung product.
385. The presence of workers not taking part in the breaking up of arches or hung masses of grain in the zone of the manholes and loading hatches shall not be permitted.
386. During the breaking up of arches and hung masses of grain or other products, the manholes and loading hatches of the silos and hoppers shall be open.
387. Access into silos and hoppers through the lower hatch may be permitted subject to compliance with the requirements of the Rules and the closing of the upper manhole with a silo cover to avoid the accidental falling of any object from above.
388. Before the start of operation of the grain-cleaning equipment, the employer shall appoint a threshing-floor manager, the unit mechanic (unit mechanics), and the persons replacing them.
389. When unloading grain by tipper truck into clamps, the possibility of workers being present in the unloading zone and on the path of movement of the vehicle shall be excluded.
390. The starting and switching off of the unit (complex) shall be performed only by the unit (complex) mechanic or another responsible person appointed by the employer. Before starting the equipment into operation or unloading grain from the vehicle into the dump pit, the mechanic (operator) shall give an audible signal.
391. The elimination of faults, the cleaning of machines from grain material and waste, and the lubrication and adjustment of the working parts of the machines and equipment of the grain-threshing floor shall be carried out only when the machines and equipment are switched off (de-energised).
392. The connection (disconnection) of electrified machines to the electrical network and the repair of the electrical part of the machines shall be performed by a worker who is authorised to perform electrical work. Machine operators servicing electrified equipment may only switch the machines on and off.
393. The admission of workers into the dump pit, the receiving hopper, or the pit of the bucket elevator may be permitted by the unit (complex) mechanic only under his personal supervision and subject to: 1) the installation of a warning sign "Entry onto the vehicle lift is prohibited" or the appointment of a worker responsible for the entry of the vehicle onto the vehicle lift; 2) the installation, under the discharge opening of the storage hopper, of a warning sign "Entry for unloading is prohibited. People are working in the hopper" or the appointment of a worker responsible for the entry of the vehicle under the discharge opening of the storage hopper; 3) checking for the presence of an accumulation of gas in the pits of the bucket elevators.
394. Upon completion of the work, the unit (complex) mechanic shall make sure that there are no workers in the dump pit, the pits of the bucket elevators, or the storage hoppers. The dump pits and the hatches of the storage hoppers shall be closed with safety gratings. The hatches of the hoppers shall be closed with a lock.
395. Faults of the grain-cleaning equipment shall be eliminated when the machines and mechanisms are switched off and the electrical voltage is disconnected. On the start buttons and levers, warning notices shall be installed: "Do not switch on! People are working".
396. The manual taking of grain samples from equipment that has moving parts at the sampling point or in the immediate vicinity shall not be permitted. For this purpose, small hatches shall be provided in the product pipelines. After the taking of samples or the inspection of the equipment, the small hatches shall be closed. For taking samples from the small hatch of the discharge device, workers shall use scoops.
397. The movement of mobile non-self-propelled transport and grain-cleaning machines to a new place shall be carried out with the electric motor switched off, disconnected from the power source, and with the supply cable coiled into a coil, to avoid running over the cable and its excessive tension. The connection and disconnection of the plugs on the supply cables of mobile machines shall be carried out with the switch (circuit breaker) of the distribution board switched off.
398. To avoid machines running over the flexible supply cable, the latter shall be suspended and reliably secured.
399. The movement of mobile non-self-propelled transport and grain-cleaning machines under tow by means of vehicles or a tractor may be carried out only where there is a rigid, reliable coupling with the towing vehicle.
400. The lifting (rolling) and installation of mobile transport and grain-cleaning machines onto the platforms of storehouses, gangways, or other elevated places shall be carried out by means of winches along inclined, firmly fixed ramps (gangways), or by another method that is safe and facilitates this work, under the supervision of the person in charge of the work.
401. The movement of machines within the territory of the grain-threshing floor shall be carried out only with the authorisation and under the direction of the threshing-floor manager or the person replacing him.
402. The manual feeding of grain to the feed conveyors of the grain-cleaning and transport machines shall be carried out with wooden shovels.
403. While the machine is operating, stepping over the feed conveyor and raking grain by hand shall not be permitted.
404. To avoid being drawn into the bulk medium and the possible collapse of the slopes, stepping onto the grain embankment and moving along it shall not be permitted.
405. The feeding (taking) of grain shall be carried out, where possible, without the formation of arches. For the breaking down of grain arches, special scrapers with long handles shall be used, which allow the worker to remain at a safe distance from the collapse prism and which exclude the possibility of the worker being buried in grain.
406. The starting of the dryers after a prolonged stoppage before the start of the drying season or after repair shall be carried out in the presence of the person responsible for the operation of the dryers.
407. During the ignition of the furnace, the requirements and the procedure for starting the furnace in accordance with the operating instructions for the dryers shall be observed.
408. The ignition of fuel in the furnace shall be permitted only after the purging of the furnace. In the pre-furnace room, a sign shall be displayed in a visible place: "To avoid an explosion, the ignition of fuel is permitted after purging the furnace with a fan for 10 minutes!". The automation and interlock system of dryers operating on gaseous or liquid fuel shall ensure compliance with this requirement.
409. Before starting the dryer, the worker shall make sure that there are no seats of combustion or extraneous smell in it. The starting of the dryer shall be carried out only after the hopper has been loaded with product.
410. Dryers operating on solid fuel shall be ignited with dry wood (firewood).
411. If the liquid or gaseous fuel does not ignite within 5 to 10 seconds during the ignition of the furnace, the fuel-combustion monitoring and automation system shall switch off its supply to the nozzle. The repeated supply of fuel to the furnace and its ignition, after the elimination of the cause of the fault, are permitted only after the ventilation of the furnace for 10 minutes.
412. After each extinguishing of the flame, the ventilation of the furnace shall be carried out to avoid the accumulation in the furnace of fuel vapours or gas forming an explosive mixture.
413. The supply of solid fuel to the dryers and the removal of slag from the furnace shall be mechanised.
414. Slag from the coal furnace shall be removed into a special metal box with a lid and filled with water after complete cooling, to avoid burns from steam. The manual cleaning of furnaces from slag and its removal shall be carried out wearing safety goggles and mittens.
415. The remote and local starting of the machines, mechanisms, and furnaces of the dryers shall be carried out after a warning audible signal about the start has been given throughout all the working premises.
416. In dryers with continuous discharge of grain, its discharge shall not be delayed without first stopping the supply of the heat carrier (drying agent) to the drying chamber.
417. Samples from the hot zones of the dryer shall be taken only by means of special scoops with handles made of non-heat-conducting materials.
418. The access of workers for inspection or repair into the above-dryer and below-dryer hoppers and the heat-and-moisture exchangers shall be carried out only under a permit to work and in the presence of the manager (mechanic) of the point or shift.
419. While a worker is inside the dryer or the lower hopper, measures shall be taken to exclude the possibility of starting the fans or supplying the product. For this purpose, warning notices shall be displayed on the starting apparatus; in addition, the safety worker shall be located near the dryer in case there is a need to render emergency assistance.
420. The repair of the dryers and their furnaces and the elimination of malfunctions, blockages, and backups of product shall be carried out after the complete cessation of their operation and cooling.
421. In the heating chambers and above-dryer hoppers of recirculation dryers, and in the devices for the preliminary heating of the product in newly built and reconstructed dryers, explosion-relief devices shall be provided.
422. In the event of the appearance of a smell of burnt product, the supply of fuel to the furnace shall be immediately switched off and the fans supplying the heat carrier to the drying chamber shall be stopped, and the discharge and supply of the product shall be stopped. The cause of the appearance of the smell shall be identified and eliminated.
423. In the event of ignition of grain in the dryer, measures shall be taken to: 1) stop the supply of fuel to the furnace; 2) switch off the fans and close the gate valve in the air duct from the furnace to the dryer; 3) stop the supply of product from the dryer to the elevator or storehouse; 4) supply raw product into the dryer (to avoid the formation of free space conducive to an explosion); 5) set the discharge mechanism to the maximum discharge of product; 6) discharge the product from the dryer onto the floor. The smouldering product shall be collected into iron boxes or buckets and filled with water. The extinguishing with water of the smouldering product in the dryer itself shall not be permitted. The repeated starting of the dryer shall be carried out only after the causes of the ignition have been identified and eliminated.
424. The opening of the inspection hatches of the air ducts while the fans are operating shall not be permitted.
425. The temperature of the drying agent in the drying chamber of dryers for tobacco, hops, and flax and hemp straw shall not exceed 70 °C.
426. The air heaters shall be located at a distance of no less than 5 m from the drying chamber. The heated air shall be supplied to the drying chamber through a metal or canvas hose (air duct) impregnated with a fire-resistant compound.
427. Plant residues and waste accumulated in the dryer room or near the air heaters shall be removed in a timely manner.
428. The primary processing of fruit-and-vegetable products and root and tuber crops shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations and the requirements of the Rules.
429. During the processing of fruit-and-vegetable products, workers who come into direct contact with food products, the raw materials for their manufacture, and also semi-finished products, shall, during work, be in sanitary clothing and sanitary footwear and shall comply with the requirements of personal hygiene.
430. At each production area (line), a senior worker shall be appointed, who directs the actions of the workers and maintains communication with the worker controlling the line. The switching off of individual machines of the line upon the detection of their faults (other than emergency situations) shall be performed by the senior worker at that area (line). In the event of an accident threatening the life and health of the workers, the shutting off of the line shall be performed by any worker who is near the emergency-stop button.
431. When drying vegetables and fruits in the open air, workers shall use the appropriate personal protective equipment and shall observe the norms for carrying loads and the established regime of work and rest.
432. When processing fruit-and-vegetable products with the use of thermal furnaces, microwave, electric, and magnetic fields, and solar, ultraviolet, infrared, and (or) laser rays, the requirements provided for by the operating documentation of the manufacturers of the technological equipment used shall be complied with.
433. When carrying out the primary processing and sorting of potatoes in field conditions on potato sorters and potato-sorting points, when they are aggregated with tractors, the cardan drive shall be guarded with a protective casing, and the protective guard on the drive of the rollers of the sorting table shall be checked.
434. The straightening of the fingers of the conveyors of potato sorters and potato-sorting points shall be carried out with the help of special devices.
435. When potato sorters and sorting points operate in premises (storehouses) using an electric drive, the technological equipment used shall be earthed. The wires supplying current to the various electrified machines at the work sites and in the production premises shall be protected from mechanical damage. The supply of voltage to the drives of the loading conveyors without a protective cut-out device shall be prohibited. In the event of the detection of mechanical damage to a cable, wiring, starting apparatus, or control handles, the machine is not connected to the network until the malfunctions have been eliminated, with their subsequent checking.
436. Before the start of work, the integrity of the neutral core of the cable shall be checked. Upon completion of work, the equipment shall be disconnected from the supply network.
437. When ensuring the safe operation of stationary sorting points, the moving parts of the transmission that are located at a height of less than 2.5 m from the floor or the surface of the work site and that are within the servicing zone shall have guards.
438. The relocation of electrified machines to another location is carried out under the direction of the person responsible for organising the work at the given work site. Stationary electrified machines are moved after first being de-energised, while monitoring the tension of the supply wire and preventing it from being run over.
439. When forklift trucks, electric forklift trucks or tractor loaders are used to load potatoes in containers or sacks, during their operation the operator shall ensure good stability of the loader and reliable gripping of the loads by it. During operation of the loader, being under its boom shall be prohibited.
440. The manual removal of produce packed in sacks and boxes from the line shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the process documentation. When carrying sacks or boxes, the standards for carrying loads shall be complied with.
441. Vegetables, fruit, melon crops, produce and root and tuber crops, when loaded into vehicles in bulk, shall not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended) and shall be distributed evenly over the entire area of the body.
442. Before raising the platform of a vehicle tipper, the worker operating it shall make sure that there are no people on the vehicle being unloaded, in the receiving hopper or on the platform, and shall give an audible signal. Being on or under the raised platform shall be prohibited. As soon as the vehicle is on the platform, the driver shall apply the handbrake and leave the cab.
443. For the threshing of sheaves with flax threshers and hemp threshers, a work team of 4 to 6 workers shall be formed, with mandatory distribution of duties among the members of the work team. The leader of the work team, when operating a mobile thresher, is the tractor operator, and when operating a stationary thresher, is the machine operator.
444. When a mobile thresher is operating, an additional portable guard for the cardan shaft shall be provided, which shall be installed when the thresher is moved to a new work site.
445. The threshing of sheaves from a stack or rick shall be carried out by moving the thresher around the stack or rick. The dismantling of the stack or rick shall be carried out from top to bottom, preventing the sheaves from collapsing.
446. The feeding of sheaves into the clamping conveyor of the thresher shall be carried out only from the receiving table set in the working position.
447. When forming bales of retted straw, the workers engaged in tying the bale shall stand to the side of the bale being tied. The bale for tying shall be raised to a height of no more than 0.5 m.
448. When loading bales into vehicles, and also when picking up sheaves with pick-up loaders with simultaneous loading into a vehicle, the presence of workers in the body of the vehicle shall not be permitted.
449. Workers engaged in spreading straw and picking up retted straw by hand shall be positioned at a distance of no less than 2 m from one another.
450. Workers engaged in stringing tobacco leaves onto cords (with stringing machines or by hand) shall be trained in techniques for performing operations that exclude injury to the hands.
451. The hanging of tobacco garlands or bunches of makhorka on drying racks (poles) in production premises, during natural and combined drying, shall be carried out from stepladders.
452. During the curing of tobacco garlands and bunches of makhorka on drying frames, their removal from the premises shall be mechanised. When carrying out drying frames by hand, the standards for the maximum permissible loads for lifting and moving weights by hand shall be complied with.
453. Lines for sorting and packing tobacco into bales (packs) shall be operated in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the manufacturers of the process equipment used.
454. Economic entities engaged in the breeding and keeping of farm animals and poultry shall have production documentation (process regulations, work performance rules, process instructions or charts) containing measures for the safe conduct of production processes and the safe operation of machines and equipment, meeting the requirements of labour protection.
455. When designing production processes associated with the breeding and keeping of farm animals and poultry, the employer shall provide for: 1) elimination of direct contact of workers with animals by replacing manual labour with mechanised or automated labour; 2) the use of production processes and operations in which hazardous and harmful production factors are absent or the content of harmful substances does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations and levels. Where these conditions cannot be applied, remote control of production processes shall be applied or personal protective equipment shall be used; 3) compliance with the operating rules set out in the operating documentation for the process equipment; 4) sealing of the equipment; 5) timely receipt by workers of information on the occurrence of hazardous and harmful production factors at individual process operations; 6) a system for monitoring and controlling process operations that ensures the protection of workers and emergency shutdown of the process equipment; 7) the use of signalling devices, safety colours and safety signs; 8) timely removal, neutralisation and disposal of production waste that is a source of harmful production factors; 9) compliance with the rules for the collection, recycling and destruction of biological waste; 10) the use of rational work and rest regimes to prevent monotony, hypodynamia, and physical and neuropsychological overloads; 11) protection against possible negative effects of natural phenomena and weather conditions.
456. The mechanisation and automation of production processes in the care of animals and poultry shall be aimed at reducing occupational risks, easing physical labour, and reducing the effect of harmful production factors on workers.
457. The methods of keeping farm animals and poultry shall not be accompanied by pollution of the environment (air, soil, water bodies) with harmful substances in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible levels established by the regulatory requirements of labour protection.
458. When carrying out process operations for the care of farm animals and poultry, the regime of their keeping and the procedure for performing the work shall be complied with.
459. Workers found to have diseases common to humans and farm animals shall not be permitted to perform work at livestock complexes (farms).
460. The operation of tie stalls, loose boxes, stalls, cages, sections and other equipment for keeping and breeding farm animals shall comply with the requirements of the instructions for their operation.
461. The tether shall be convenient for servicing and sufficiently free so as not to restrict movement or tighten around the neck of the farm animal when it assumes a horizontal position. The chain shall comply with the requirements of the applicable technical specifications.
462. On the outer side of the tie stall (stall) of aggressive farm animals, a warning safety sign (an equilateral triangle of yellow colour with a black border) with an explanatory inscription shall be hung: "Caution! Butting cow" or "Caution! Kicks".
463. For carrying out process operations for the care of farm animals and for ensuring personal safety, workers shall be provided with the necessary implements for the care of farm animals, cleaning of stalls, and driving and subduing of farm animals (scrapers, cleaning tools, electric prods, a whip for driving and subduing farm animals and other implements).
464. In pasture keeping: 1) herds shall be formed from farm animals of the same sex and age to prevent their aggressiveness; herds of beef-type farm animals may consist of nurse cows and calves; 2) no fewer than two herders shall be assigned; 3) herders shall be provided with broken-in, docile horses; riding in the saddle is permitted only in footwear with a heel that fits freely into the stirrup.
465. For driving livestock during grazing, a leather whip shall be used. The use of stabbing, cutting or sharp objects, and also short sticks and rubber hoses, for driving farm animals shall not be permitted.
466. Farm animals shall be delivered to weighing points or for veterinary treatments along cattle driveways.
467. For loading, unloading and transporting farm animals, special-type vehicles - livestock trucks - shall be used. In the case of transporting farm animals on a flatbed vehicle, its sides shall have a solid wall so that the total height of the sides is no less than 1.8 m, and top restraints preventing farm animals from jumping out of the body.
468. The movement of vehicles at livestock loading points is organised in accordance with a scheme approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer, with the installation of signs.
469. The loading, unloading and transportation of farm animals shall be carried out by workers caring for these farm animals, or by persons who have the skill of working with them and are familiar with the technology for carrying out loading and unloading work. Driving farm animals during loading onto vehicles or unloading from them with sharp, stabbing or cutting objects, and also with short sticks or rubber hoses, shall be prohibited. For driving farm animals, a long leather lash or an electric prod shall be used. For farm animals with a vicious temperament, tranquillisers shall be administered before loading, wooden plates shall be attached to the horns, and blinkers restricting the field of vision shall be put over the eyes.
470. The loading of farm animals into vehicles and their unloading shall be carried out from loading platforms, gantries and gangways with railings.
471. To prevent injury to workers, at the points for unloading livestock from railway wagons and vehicles, pens with ramps for the descent of livestock shall be provided. At gantries and platforms, a wheel guard beam for road vehicles shall be installed.
472. Transporting females and males, females in heat, and large (cows, horses) and small (sheep, pigs) farm animals on a single vehicle shall be prohibited.
473. When transporting farm animals, the presence of people together with them in the body of the vehicle shall be prohibited.
474. At the points where herds, flocks, droves and herds of farm animals pass through water and ice barriers, crossings shall be arranged.
475. Crossings shall be marked with poles on both sides at 1.5 to 3.0 m from the axis of the intended crossing strip. The verified width of the crossing strip (ford) shall be no less than 3 m. The route of the ice crossing is marked with poles (signs) at 3 m from the axis of the route and at 30 m from one another along the entire length of the crossing.
476. The ford site shall be surveyed. The site shall ensure the safety and accessibility of the crossing for workers, farm animals and vehicles and shall be marked with the signs "Ford" and "Crossing". The depth of the ford shall not exceed the height of the wheel axle of the vehicle. The bottom of the ford shall be firm, without silt or holes.
477. When farm animals cross by swimming, the workers shall be provided with flotation devices.
478. Crossing water and ice barriers during floods, heavy rain, snow, fog, ice drift or blizzards, in strong wind, near rapids, and also across unsurveyed places, shall be prohibited.
479. Farm animals shall be driven along roads during daylight hours. The drovers shall guide the farm animals as close as possible to the right-hand edge of the road.
480. Farm animals shall be driven across railway tracks and roads at specially designated places. The herd (flock, herd, drove) shall be divided into groups of such a number that, taking into account the number of drovers, the safe driving of each group is ensured.
481. The care of farm animals and birds suffering from contagious diseases shall be entrusted to a permanent livestock team, the composition of which is approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. Pregnant and nursing women shall not be permitted to do this work.
482. Workers who have preventive vaccinations and who have been instructed in personal precautionary measures and in the rules for handling infected material and caring for farm animals may be admitted to the work of caring for farm animals and poultry suffering from contagious diseases. The employer shall periodically, no less than once a year, arrange a medical examination of workers working with farm animals and poultry suffering from contagious diseases (including those common to humans and farm animals), and, where workers have clinical signs of disease, refer them for a medical investigation.
483. Upon detection of contagious diseases in farm animals and poultry, the employer shall report this to the territorial body of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision and shall take measures to isolate the farm animals.
484. Entry into the territory of the isolation unit in which sick farm animals and poultry are kept shall be prohibited for workers not involved in their care. At the entrance to each room for farm animals and poultry, and also inside the rooms between sections, disinfection barriers are installed.
485. Workers servicing farm animals and poultry suffering from contagious diseases shall, in addition to the personal protective equipment established by the standards, be issued sanitary clothing and footwear in accordance with the applicable standards.
486. Special clothing and special footwear, and also other personal protective equipment of workers caring for sick farm animals and poultry, shall be subject to mandatory disinfection by methods that exclude the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, or to destruction.
487. Eating food, drinking water and smoking tobacco during work at farms affected by contagious diseases shall be prohibited. To provide workers with drinking water, tanks with boiled water are installed outside the production premises.
488. For work where this is necessary (milking, feeding farm animals, caring for sick farm animals and other similar work), owing to the special nature of the labour, in accordance with the labour legislation of the Russian Federation, the working day may be divided into parts so that the total duration of working time does not exceed the established duration of daily work.
489. Workers who have no medical contraindications, who have undergone labour protection training and on-the-job practical training and who hold the first qualification group for electrical safety may be admitted to work in the feed shop.
490. When preparing feed in feed shops, small-scale mechanisation and integrated mechanisation means that meet the requirements of labour protection shall be used.
491. The control of the process operations of feed preparation (drying, crushing of grain and components, dosing, mixing) shall be carried out remotely from a common control panel. To eliminate emergency and hazardous situations during the performance of repair work and the maintenance of process equipment, the possibility of switching to local control of the equipment shall be provided.
492. In the case of remote control of mechanisms, working parts and individual machines of process lines (conveyors, gate valves) that are remote from the worker or located in another room, and also serviced by more than one worker, an automatic pre-start signalling system (audible, light) shall be in operation.
493. Machines and process equipment for preparation shall be started up only on a pre-established signal from the operator and in the sequence specified by the process charts.
494. Receiving containers for feed that have hatches, necks or open hoppers located at a height accessible for workers or farm animals to fall into them shall have protective grilles or guards.
495. Magnets used to catch metal impurities shall be systematically checked and cleaned in accordance with the established schedule. The magnets shall be cleaned through the hatches with wooden scrapers.
496. The operation of steam and hot-water boilers and water heaters used in the preparation of feed for farm animals and poultry shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements for the safe operation of the specified equipment and of the Rules.
497. When electric cooking boilers are used, to prevent the transfer of electric potential, dielectric inserts and reliable earthing shall be used.
498. The feeding of feed into the feed shredder shall be carried out evenly. At the same time, care shall be taken to ensure that foreign objects do not enter the machine together with the feed.
499. Feed for shredding shall be fed evenly. Where necessary, for pushing the feed, wooden pushers with a handle no less than 1 m long and with a stop against entry into the receiving neck shall be used.
500. During operation of the feed shredder, standing against the direction of the mass discharge shall be prohibited.
501. Feed shall be fed into the feed shredder only after its rotor has reached the operating mode. Prolonged operation of the rotor without a load shall not be permitted.
502. The moving and rotating parts of crushers that pose a danger to workers shall be covered with protective casings. The casings, guards and handles of the controls shall be painted in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements of labour protection.
503. The drive of the crusher shall switch off when the working parts are overloaded. Crushers shall have emergency shutdown devices that exclude the possibility of injury to workers in the event of a disruption of the crusher's operating mode or the occurrence of faults.
504. Crushers shall be equipped with devices that prevent the possibility of switching on the electric motor of the rotor drive during the changing of screens or when the crusher cover is open.
505. Crushers shall be equipped with explosion-relief devices connected to a pipeline led outside the room.
506. The rotor of the crusher shall be statically balanced and dynamically balanced.
507. The inspection hatches of crushers and shredders shall open and close without the use of a tool, and the protective casings shall do so with the use of a tool.
508. During operation of crushers, the emission of dust at the points where the conveying pipes connect to the body of the crusher and to the cyclone shall not be permitted. The damper shall tightly close off the neck of the cyclone. The cyclone shall be in good working order and shall catch dust.
509. When shredding and crushing carcasses, half-carcasses and heads of livestock, protective screens (shields) shall be installed to protect nearby workers from accidentally flying bone fragments.
510. In the hoppers and containers for storing concentrated and compound feed, the formation of arches shall be excluded, or devices for breaking it up shall be provided.
511. After the container of the feed mixer (cooking boiler) has been loaded with feed, the loading hatch shall be tightly closed.
512. To reduce dust formation during the free fall of feed from the guide chutes or conveyor belts, devices that exclude dusting and scattering of the feed (discharge sleeves, aprons of dense fabric) shall be used.
513. Liquid components of compound feed shall be introduced through devices that do not allow the loss of liquid.
514. Work with components (protein, mineral and medicinal additives) shall be carried out with the aspiration system or local ventilation in operation, with the workers using personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs, eyes and skin.
515. The clearing of blockages from the crushing chambers, pipes or cyclones of the process equipment may be carried out only when the equipment is switched off and fully stopped, with the application of measures that exclude accidental start-up of the machine. A sign is placed on the starting device: "Do not switch on! People are working".
516. The supply of steam is carried out with the covers of the necks and hatches tightly closed and with constant monitoring of pressure and tightness.
517. Leaving operating steaming mixers, cooking boilers and conveyors unattended, and entrusting their supervision to anyone without the permission of the person in charge of the work, shall be prohibited.
518. Before opening the cover of the steaming mixers (cooking boilers), the steam valve shall be closed, the pressure at the inlet to the container shall be reduced to atmospheric, the condensate drain opening shall be cleared, and it shall be ensured that the condensate and steam are discharged from it without pressure. The cover shall be opened carefully, while standing to the side towards which it opens. When carrying out the work, personal protective equipment for the eyes and skin shall be used.
519. The re-ignition of the boiler firebox without prior purging of the combustion chamber for 5 minutes shall not be permitted.
520. Before draining condensate from the steaming mixer, it shall be ensured that there are no workers opposite the drain opening.
521. When carrying out the work, care shall be taken to ensure that the feed mixture does not get onto the floor or the decking of the mixer's working platform. Spilled mixture is removed immediately, a slippery floor is sprinkled with sand or sawdust and then cleaned.
522. The loading of prepared feed into vehicles shall be begun after the vehicles have come to a complete stop, with the engine switched off and with measures taken to prevent the spontaneous movement of the vehicles.
523. In the case of intensive steam formation during the unloading of feed from mixer-steamers and cooking boilers, intensive ventilation of the room shall be ensured.
524. Work inside the mixer containers (cooking boilers) may be carried out only with the permission of the person in charge of the work under a permit to work, after measures that exclude accidental start-up of the mixer have been taken (removal of the fuse, of the drive belt (chain), disengagement of the mixer drive coupling).
525. When working with hot water and aggressive liquids, their splashing shall be prevented, they shall be carried in containers with a closing lid, and personal protective equipment (goggles, mittens, apron, boots, breathing apparatus) shall be used.
526. Places where flour or grass dust accumulates on the process equipment, platforms and building structures shall be cleaned by the wet method after each shift of workers.
527. The receiving containers of stationary feed-distribution installations that have hatches, necks or open hoppers located at a height accessible for the servicing personnel or farm animals to fall into them shall have protective grilles or guards.
528. The openings in the walls through which loose feed is transported to the feed-distribution installations shall be equipped with fixtures and devices (hanging shields, curtains) that exclude draughts.
529. Belt feed distributors shall have guards covering, from above and at the ends, the drive, tensioning and deflecting drums, and also the run-on sections of the belt over a length equal to the radius of the drum increased by 1 m, from the line of contact of the drum with the belt.
530. Conveyors with a length exceeding 45 m shall be equipped with crossing bridges with railings. The number of bridges is established by the process documentation.
531. When cable-and-disc feed distributors are used for feeding poultry, there shall be fastening of the pipe links to the ceiling or to the supports of the poultry house building.
532. During operation, the driving dosing mechanism shall be covered with a cover. Inspection, checking of the cable tension, of the engagement of the discs with the drive wheel, and adjustment shall be carried out in accordance with the instructions for their operation.
533. The starting devices of stationary feed distributors shall be provided with distinguishable inscriptions, symbols and drawings informing of the location of the main switch, the direction of movement, and the procedure for starting and stopping.
534. Equipment intended for transporting dry feed shall not accumulate static electricity charges, for which purpose it shall be earthed.
535. When stationary feed distributors operate in automatic mode, workers shall be guided by the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers. The maintenance of stationary feed distributors operating in automatic mode shall be carried out only after the electrical starting devices and the main switch have been disconnected.
536. Cable-and-washer, screw and belt feed distributors, when they become clogged with feed material, shall be cleaned with the electric drive disconnected, using cleaning tools with a convenient and safe handle no less than 1 m long.
537. Pneumatic feed-distribution installations for liquid feed shall be technically sound and shall have serviceable, verified pressure gauges on the blow-off container and the receiver.
538. To reduce dust formation during the free fall of feed from the guide chutes or conveyor belts of the feed-distribution installations, devices that exclude the spread of dust shall be used.
539. The distribution of feed to farm animals with the aid of trailed feed distributors and other mobile vehicles shall be carried out only from the side of the feed passage, without entering the stalls or sections. Distributing feed while standing on moving vehicles (a cart, a trolley, a feed distributor, the body of a tractor trailer or a vehicle) shall be prohibited.
540. Before starting up and switching on the working parts of a mobile feed distributor, a warning signal shall be given and it shall be ensured that there are no workers nearby.
541. When working with a feed distributor, the following shall be prohibited: 1) overloading feed distributors with feed above the established standard; 2) turning the tractor relative to the longitudinal axis of the distributor through an angle greater than 45°; 3) being in the body of the feed distributor when the tractor engine is switched on; 4) carrying people in the body of the feed distributor and on the coupling device; 5) working with the protective guards removed; 6) being near the working parts during operation of the feed distributor; 7) standing under the open tailgate and placing any objects on the conveyors; 8) working with a slackened traction chain or with bent scrapers.
542. Stacks, clamps, trenches and other feed storage places more than 2 m high shall be worked in vertical layers, starting from the upper part and from the edge, seeking to avoid the shifting or collapse of part of the stack, clamp or trench. Overhangs of feed that form in the stacks, clamps and trenches are brought down simultaneously, with the necessary safety measures taken.
543. The manual dismantling of stacks of hay (straw), including hay stacked in bales, shall be begun from the top. Where it is not possible to begin the work from the top, the overhang that has formed shall be brought down in good time with a hook or a pole, while standing to the side of the stack.
544. When loading hay and straw from stacks with simultaneous shredding and pneumatic feeding of the shredded mass into vehicles, the presence of people near the working parts of the machine and in the body of the trailer shall not be permitted.
545. The manual distribution of feed to farm animals from carts and sledges shall be carried out by a worker from the floor of the feed passages, without entering the tie stalls or stalls (loose boxes) in which the farm animals are kept. Feed for animals housed in a cage shall be distributed with a long-handled scoop.
546. When receiving feed from the feed distributor into a cart or a suspended trolley, the worker shall stand to the side, away from the wheel track of the feed distributor, and shall maintain visual contact with the driver of the feed distributor.
547. The overhead track shall be in good working order and shall be used for its intended purpose. When distributing feed by means of overhead tracks, attention shall be paid to the condition of the fastening of the overhead track, and also to the divergence of the rails at the joints, and to the presence of end stops at the ends of the rails.
548. The trolley shall be pushed along the rail track away from oneself, and workers shall not be on the path of movement.
549. The processes and methods of watering farm animals and poultry shall comply with the process regulations (charts, instructions).
550. Equipment for watering farm animals and poultry shall comply with the requirements of the manufacturers' operating documents. To ease physical labour and prevent injuries when cleaning drinkers of contaminants, foreign objects and feed residues that have got into them, workers shall be provided with cleaning tools.
551. The overfilling or leaking of automatic drinkers and watering troughs shall not be permitted. At watering points, leaks and slippery areas shall not form.
552. The watering place from natural sources shall be safe for workers and farm animals and shall meet the following requirements: 1) the approach to the water shall be even, no less than 3 m wide, without shrubs or large stones, gently sloping, with a gradient of no more than 12°; 2) the bank of the water body shall be protected against collapse; 3) the bottom of the water body shall be sounded, and the boundaries of the watering point shall be marked with distinguishable poles.
553. Mobile drinkers at the watering place shall be secured (braked).
554. The watering of farm animals from open water bodies shall be carried out by workers who are able to swim.
555. Farm animals shall be driven to the watering point at a walk, in small groups. The crowding of farm animals during watering shall not be permitted. Where the watering front is insufficient, watering shall be organised in turns.
556. When watering sheep and goats from watering troughs at pastures, the replenishment of the troughs with water shall be carried out in the absence of farm animals. Where it is necessary to fill the troughs with water in the presence of farm animals, workers shall not be on the path of their movement.
557. Watering of horses in loose boxes and stalls shall be carried out using automatic drinkers or buckets. The volume of water drunk from the automatic drinkers shall be adjustable. Under the loose-housing method of keeping horses on deep litter, a specific area shall be allocated for group watering. The drinkers shall be adjustable in height.
558. Wells for watering farm animals, with any method of raising the water, shall be closed with covers and enclosed by a fence. The area around the well shall be level; in winter, at sub-zero temperatures, the area shall be sprinkled with sand or slag, and the ice shall be chipped off and removed as it forms.
559. Only specially trained workers who have no medical contraindications and who have studied the installation's operating manual and the requirements of the Rules may independently service and operate milking installations.
560. All work involving the maintenance and rectification of faults of milking installations shall be carried out with the motors switched off. The milking installation shall be de-energised. A warning sign shall be posted on the control panel: "Do not switch on! Personnel at work", and measures shall be taken to prevent the accidental supply of voltage to the equipment.
561. Work with the guard of the pump unit removed shall be prohibited.
562. The floor in the working area of the operator of milking installations with trenches shall have decking in the form of wooden gratings with the battens arranged in a herringbone pattern or across the main direction of movement of the workers, with a gap between the slots of not more than 0.03 m and a batten width of not less than 0.05 m.
563. The pit in the milk room in which the pump for transferring milk is installed shall be fenced with railings.
564. Electric power installations and the vacuum line shall be earthed.
565. When servicing milking installations, the water jet shall not be directed at the electric motors and control units.
566. In the lower part of the stalls of milking installations that have a trench for the machine-milking operator, a splash-deflecting shield inclined towards the stall shall be installed.
567. When milking farm animals, the following general requirements shall be met: 1) workers operating and servicing the milking installation shall observe the milking rules and its operating instructions; 2) machine milking shall be carried out in accordance with the regime and daily schedule established on the farm; 3) during manual milking, workers shall be provided with means of restraining the animal; 4) during milking in stalls, mechanised supply of water at a temperature of 40 °C to 45 °C shall be provided; 5) where farm animals are kept tethered and milked in milking parlours, a semi-automatic or automatic tether with a device for the group untethering of farm animals shall be provided; 6) entering the milking area and the stall while farm animals are present in them shall be prohibited.
568. When milking cows into portable buckets, the requirements of the process documentation of the milking installation shall be observed.
569. During manual milking of cows, the worker shall be positioned on the right side of the cow. During manual milking, the cow's tail shall be secured to the pelvic limb of the farm animal by means of a clamp or strap.
570. Milking of cows with a diseased udder shall be carried out using a catheter. When preparing the udder for milking, being positioned under the body of the farm animal shall not be permitted.
571. During machine milking of mares, they shall be milked in stalls that protect workers from being injured by the animals.
572. During manual milking of a mare, the worker shall be positioned on the left side and shall begin milking when the mare is standing in the "stance" position (the farm animal rests on its left hind leg and the possibility of a sudden kick is excluded).
573. During manual milking of restless and skittish mares, the front left or rear right leg shall be secured to avoid a sudden kick.
574. When transferring mares from manual to machine milking, during the first two days they shall be accustomed to the noise and appearance of the milking machines. The milking machines shall be connected only on the third day.
575. During manual milking of a she-camel, its hind legs shall be tied with a rope loop in the area of the hock joint.
576. Goats and sheep shall be milked in stalls with restraint by a movable panel or while tethered. Before milking, restless farm animals shall be restrained. Before machine milking of goats and sheep, it shall be ensured that the farm animals are tethered and standing in their places.
577. After completion of milking, the milking machines, milk lines and milk utensils shall be washed and disinfected with a special cleaning solution. In the room for preparing cleaning and disinfecting solutions, for the washing and disinfection of the milk line and milk utensils, operation cards for the preparation of disinfecting solutions, labour protection instructions, safety signs and warning notices shall be posted. Preparation of the cleaning solution shall be carried out using personal protective equipment (goggles, rubber gloves, boots and a rubberised apron), which shall be kept in an accessible place and be ready for use.
578. Professionally trained persons who have no medical contraindications and who have undergone labour protection training and a work placement of 2 to 14 shifts under the guidance of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer may independently service the process equipment for the primary processing of milk.
579. Equipment for the primary processing of milk shall be used in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers' operating documentation and of the Rules.
580. During operation of steam milk-pasteurising installations, the steam pressure in the pasteuriser cylinder shall not exceed that specified in the manufacturer's technical documentation.
581. During operation of plate milk coolers, freezing of the brine-cooling sections shall not be permitted.
582. Centrifugal milk clarifiers shall be operated only with a serviceable brake. The use of non-standard braking means shall be prohibited.
583. The operation of separators used for processing milk shall not be permitted where there is extraneous noise, contact of the drum with parts of the intake-and-discharge device, or increased vibration, in cases of ingress of milk, water or cleaning solution into the lubrication system, where the bearings are worn, or with an unbalanced drum.
584. Centrifuges (laboratory milk centrifuges) for determining the fat content of milk shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's operating documentation.
585. Opening the centrifuge cover before it has come to a complete stop shall be prohibited.
586. The supply of water or steam shall be carried out only when a milk can is in place and the ventilation is switched on.
587. The starting pedals of the steamer shall be guarded against being actuated by the accidental falling of any foreign object onto them.
588. Washing of vessels and tanks for cooling milk shall be carried out by methods that eliminate the need for workers to be inside them (brushes with extended handles, sprayers).
589. When degreasing rubber articles, rubber gloves shall be worn.
590. Scraper and screw conveyors, and scraper and pneumatic installations for the removal of manure and droppings from livestock and poultry premises, shall be used in accordance with the requirements of the equipment manufacturers' operating documentation and of the Rules.
591. For the safe operation and emergency stopping of scraper installations and conveyors for the removal of manure and droppings from premises, remote control with duplicate buttons at the opposite ends of the premises shall be provided.
592. During operation of a manure-removal conveyor together with an inclined conveyor, the sequence of switching on and off shall be observed - the inclined conveyor is switched on first and switched off last. Before start-up, an audible signal is given.
593. The drive stations of the conveyor for manure removal and of the scraper installation for droppings removal shall be fixed on foundations. V-belt drives between the electric motor and the gearbox shall be protected by guards.
594. The pit for transferring manure from the horizontal conveyor to the inclined conveyor shall be guarded.
595. Starting the horizontal conveyor into operation shall be carried out by the worker responsible for its operation, giving a pre-arranged signal, when there are no foreign objects or farm animals on the horizontal conveyor.
596. Letting farm animals into and out of the premises while the manure-removal conveyor is running shall be prohibited.
597. During repair or maintenance of conveyors, the following requirements shall be met: 1) cleaning, chain tensioning, fastening work and lubrication shall not be carried out while the conveyor is running; 2) the conveyor chain shall not be tensioned with devices not specified in the operating manual; 3) the conveyor shall not be operated with the guard of the drive and tensioning devices removed; 4) workers shall not step on the chain and sprockets of the conveyor while it is running; 5) repair and maintenance shall be carried out only after they have been disconnected from the electrical mains and measures preventing accidental start-up have been taken.
598. Special devices shall be used for disconnecting and connecting the conveyor chain. Disconnection of the conveyor chain shall not be permitted if the container with the load has not been removed from the tensioning device, and of the scraper - if the tie bolts have not been removed.
599. During operation of a pneumatic installation for the removal of liquid manure, while the compressor is running it shall not be permitted to fasten connections, tighten bolts, open crankcase hatches or tighten safety valves. Cleaning and washing of parts in contact with compressed air shall be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions.
600. Operation of pneumatic installations for manure removal shall be carried out when the blow-off vessel and the receiver are provided with serviceable pressure gauges, safety valves and pipelines.
601. When removing manure from the accumulator of a pneumatic installation, workers shall be prohibited from opening the hatch and descending into the manure accumulator.
602. When conveying manure to the manure storage, it shall not be permitted to carry out any work on the shut-off valve, rectify faults or tighten bolted connections on the manure pipelines.
603. The accumulator shall be loaded to the level established by the manufacturer's operating documentation. Upon completion of manure removal, the excess pressure in the accumulator shall be reduced to atmospheric.
604. With a hydraulic manure-removal system, standby exhaust fans that switch on automatically in the event of failure of the operating fans shall be installed in the ventilation systems of the pumping stations.
605. During the operation of pumping stations, the following shall be monitored: 1) the filling level of the receiving tank (liquid-manure collector, manure collector); 2) the filling level of the drainage pit; 3) the pressure in the pressure pipelines; 4) the pressure developed by the pumping unit.
606. Pumping stations shall be provided with local emergency-warning alarm systems. Where there is no permanent workplace, transmission of a fault signal to a control point or a point with round-the-clock duty shall be provided for.
607. The electrical apparatus of manure-removal systems installed in open areas shall be securely covered with casings and panels protecting against the ingress of precipitation.
608. Work in liquid-manure collectors, manure collectors, collectors, pumping stations and other closed sunken vessels (hereinafter - sunken vessels) shall be carried out with the mandatory issue of a permit to work.
609. Before work is directly carried out in sunken vessels, the removal of gases from them shall be performed by means of natural ventilation (not less than 20 minutes).
610. The absence of gas in a closed sunken vessel shall be checked using an LBVK lamp. Checking the presence and concentration of gases in a sunken vessel with an open flame shall be prohibited.
611. Workers on the surface shall not approach the closed vessel with a lit cigarette (papirosa) or open flame, nor carry out other work unrelated to the work in the vessel.
612. If the gas cannot be completely removed from the closed vessel, the descent of workers shall be permitted only in an isolating breathing apparatus with a hose extending 2 m to the side away from the manhole.
613. When unloading manure from manure storages with a bucket loader, the serviceability and technical condition of the electric winch shall be monitored. Workers standing under the raised bucket of the loader during the unloading of manure shall be prohibited.
614. With floor housing of poultry on deep litter, during the removal of the litter all equipment (brooders, feeders, drinkers) shall be raised to the required height and secured.
615. The removal of manure and droppings with a tractor fitted with a bulldozer attachment shall be carried out in the absence of farm animals, poultry and workers. The exhaust pipe of the tractor shall be fitted with a spark arrester.
616. Poultry droppings shall be directed for storage or decontamination to special areas with a hard surface or to special storage facilities. In the case of infectious diseases of poultry, the droppings shall be decontaminated by a biothermal or chemical method or incinerated.
617. During the drying of droppings, the production processes for receiving and drying raw droppings and for unloading, cooling, packaging and transporting dry droppings shall be mechanised and automated.
618. For servicing the droppings-drying unit, platforms shall be provided with railings 1.1 m high, installed at a distance of not less than 1 m from the outer contour of the drying drum, and with a ribbed floor; the platforms shall be equipped with stairs with railings.
619. Pipelines, cyclones, coolers and droppings-packaging mechanisms shall be airtight.
620. Process adjustments of the drying drum shall be carried out with the control panel fully de-energised.
621. Insemination of farm animals shall be carried out at artificial insemination stations that meet the requirements of the process documentation and of the local regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer, in special stalls equipped with a device for the reliable restraint of the farm animal.
622. Workers carrying out artificial insemination of farm animals shall undergo periodic medical examinations not less than once every six months.
623. When carrying out artificial insemination of farm animals, the rules of personal hygiene and the requirements of the Rules shall be observed.
624. The technician shall service the group of farm animals permanently assigned to him. Farm animals subject to insemination shall be selected in a crush pen where they are kept loose-housed. Where they are kept tethered - in stalls.
625. With the mano-cervical or recto-cervical method of insemination, the technician shall work in special polyethylene or rubber gloves, observing the requirements provided for by the process regulations and by the Rules.
626. Premises in which work with liquid nitrogen is carried out shall be equipped with supply-and-exhaust ventilation.
627. When working with Dewar vessels and liquid nitrogen, the technician shall wear a gown, safety goggles or a shield made of organic glass, and gauntlets. The clothing shall be without pockets, the trousers without cuffs and shall cover the tops of the footwear. The gauntlets shall be dry and easy to put on the hands. The clothing shall be selected according to height and size, fully tucked in and fastened. Filling of vessels with liquid nitrogen by a single technician shall be prohibited.
628. When thawing semen in glass ampoules, safety goggles or a protective shield shall be worn.
629. Dewar vessels shall be installed no closer than 1 m from heating appliances, their falling shall be prevented and impacts on them shall not be allowed. The necks of the vessels shall be kept permanently closed only with the foam-plastic cover supplied with the vessel.
630. Liquid nitrogen shall be poured into the Dewar vessel slowly. The flexible metal hose shall be lowered into the vessel to the bottom. Looking into the neck of the vessel to determine the liquid level shall be prohibited.
631. When freezing doses of semen, to avoid the splashing of liquid nitrogen the container or cassette shall be lowered into the vessel and removed slowly. A dose of semen for insemination shall be taken out of the Dewar vessel with metal forceps or large tweezers.
632. To prevent explosion of the Dewar vessel, removing the residual liquid nitrogen by evaporating it shall not be permitted.
633. After each filling of the Dewar vessel with nitrogen, the room shall be ventilated.
634. Smoking tobacco in premises where liquid nitrogen is present shall be prohibited.
635. Free mating, in which the bull is released into the herd of cows, shall not be permitted. Only hand mating shall be used. In doing so, the bull is led out by the lead and by means of a leading pole hooked to the nose ring into an arena equipped with a restraining stall, into which the cow is placed. Where there is no stall, the cow is tethered to a post. During mounting, the leading pole shall be unhooked from the nose ring while holding the bull by the lead. Upon completion of mating, the leading pole is again hooked to the nose ring and first the bull and then the cow is led away.
636. When collecting semen from a stallion, and also during natural mating, its front limbs shall be unshod.
637. Only halter-broken mares may be permitted for hand mating. During mating, a mating harness shall be put on the mare.
638. Artificial insemination and rectal examinations for pregnancy of mares shall be carried out in a restraining stall; in its absence, a mating harness shall be put on the mare.
639. In premises for training boars to mount a dummy, a protective zone for the operator shall be equipped with a solid fence 1.4 m high.
640. Hand mating of boars shall be carried out in an arena with a non-slip floor, for which the floor is sprinkled with moistened sand, peat or sawdust. During mating, noise, shouting and beating of the farm animals shall be avoided.
641. The management of veterinary and sanitary activities shall be performed by a veterinary specialist. When carrying out veterinary and sanitary activities, the presence of workers who have no connection with the work being performed shall not be permitted.
642. When carrying out veterinary and sanitary activities with farm animals, restraining stalls or special crush pens shall be used.
643. To calm and immobilise farm animals for the purpose of ensuring safety, neuroleptic, analgesic and muscle-relaxant preparations shall be used (depending on the indications) in accordance with the instructions for their use.
644. Examinations of horses for glanders shall be carried out in protective clothing and safety goggles fitting snugly to the eye sockets.
645. Rectal examination of farm animals shall be carried out in stalls with restraint. Carrying out the examination through partitions in stalls, loose boxes, or while tethered shall not be permitted.
646. On farms unfavourable for infectious diseases (brucellosis, tuberculosis), carrying out a rectal examination without an obstetric glove shall not be permitted.
647. Medicinal products shall be used only where there are labels and accompanying documents certifying their name, quality, weight and periods of use.
648. Poisonous and potent preparations shall be stored in premises specially allocated for these purposes, the windows of which shall be fitted with iron bars and the doors clad with iron.
649. When carrying out treatments of farm animals and poultry and the subsequent use of livestock and poultry products for food purposes, the established regulations (rates of consumption of preparations, frequency and periods of treatments) and the waiting periods that determine the safety of the work and products for the health of the population and the environment shall be observed.
650. Pregnant and nursing women shall not be permitted to carry out operations involving the use of pesticides and disinfectants.
651. Washing, disinfection and gassing of vehicles and containers shall be carried out in hermetically closing and isolated chambers having devices for the discharge of waste into a settling tank and sewerage, without the use of manual labour.
652. Chambers for washing, disinfection and gassing shall be equipped with independent ventilation ensuring their airing, and with illuminated signs "Do not enter" and "Chamber ventilated", interlocked with the entrance doors and the ventilation.
653. Post-mortem examination of the carcasses of farm animals shall be carried out by veterinary specialists in compliance with measures that exclude infection of workers, contamination of the post-mortem site and the spread of infection.
654. The carcasses of farm animals shall be dissected in special premises (mortuaries, dissection halls) or at operating cattle burial grounds. When dismembering the carcass of a farm animal, the spattering of blood and other liquids shall not be permitted.
655. The walls and floors in premises for the post-mortem examination of farm animals shall be waterproof and shall be subjected to washing and disinfection. The premises shall additionally have ventilation, a shower room, and also auxiliary rooms for the examination of pathological-anatomical materials. The access way and doors shall be convenient for the delivery of carcasses.
656. In the case of suspected anthrax, the carcasses of animals are not dissected. Microscopy of a blood smear from the dead farm animal shall be carried out. Carcasses infected with anthrax shall be incinerated.
657. Where it is necessary to determine or confirm the cause of death of a farm animal, pathological material shall be sent to the veterinary laboratory by courier for laboratory examination.
658. The carcasses of farm animals shall be incinerated in special furnaces or pits.
659. The carcasses of farm animals shall be transported by means of transport with a liquid-impermeable bottom and sides.
660. Upon completion of the work, the transport, the post-mortem site, the instruments and the protective clothing shall be decontaminated.
661. When carrying out disinfection and vaccination using aerosol generators, personal protective equipment shall be used.
662. Physical methods of disinfection (burning, treatment with the flame of a blowlamp) shall be applied in compliance with the fire safety rules.
663. During operation, disinfection installations shall be located in the open air, on the leeward side. Petrol engines may be operated inside premises only when the exhaust gases are discharged outside the premises or with through ventilation.
664. Spillage or leakage of disinfecting and other poisonous substances at the joints of flanges and fittings, and also operation with a defective pressure gauge, shall not be permitted.
665. When disinfecting the territory and the external walls of premises, the jet of solution from the pressure hose shall not be allowed to reach the bare wires of the overhead power line.
666. Premises in which the treatment of farm animals is carried out shall be equipped with restraining means and provided with special cabinets for storing apparatus, devices and instruments.
667. The treatment of farm animals and poultry with pesticides is carried out in specially equipped premises, in open areas, or at places where farm animals and poultry are kept, in compliance with the recommendations (instructions) for the use of specific pesticides.
668. Treatment of premises for keeping farm animals is permitted in the absence of farm animals; treatment of poultry houses - after the collection of eggs. With cage housing of farm poultry, the treatment is carried out during periods of sanitary breaks. When pesticides are used, the feeders and drinkers shall be covered with waterproof material, and the milking equipment and milk utensils - removed to special clean closed premises.
669. Farm animals and birds shall be placed in treated premises in compliance with the established periods for their introduction, after thorough airing of the premises for 2 to 3 hours and washing of the floors using neutralising agents. The sequence of treatment of premises forming part of livestock complexes (farms) and poultry factories shall be established.
670. The use of pesticides at artificial insemination stations, and in premises where young stock is kept or livestock products are located, shall not be permitted.
671. Equipment (dipping baths, shower chambers), areas for the treatment of farm animals, pens with crushes and other equipment shall be located on the leeward side, not less than 500 m from populated areas and pasture lands, at a distance of 200 m from places where livestock are kept, and not less than 2 km - from sources of drinking water supply and fishery water bodies, on level plots with the groundwater table no higher than 1.5 m.
672. Treated farm animals shall be isolated for the time established for each species, and measures shall be taken to prevent the licking of pesticides by the farm animals from the skin and the walls of the premises. Entering the premises during the release of aerosol or throughout the exposure period of neutralisation shall be prohibited. Where necessary, entering premises filled with aerosols is permitted only in a breathing apparatus.
673. Premises (units) for the treatment of farm animals shall be equipped with a system of local sewerage and wastewater treatment ensuring the possibility of discharging wastewater into the engineering sewerage networks or a water body. Floors made of waterproof materials shall have a slope towards the drains. The premises are equipped with a forced ventilation system.
674. Areas for the treatment of farm animals and pens for their subsequent holding shall have a hard surface and a slope of up to 6° towards a concreted tank for collecting spent liquids.
675. Persons responsible for carrying out work on the treatment of farm animals and poultry with pesticides shall register each treatment of farm animals, birds or premises for keeping them in special numbered logbooks, indicating the name of the pesticide, the date of the treatment and the consumption of the preparation.
676. Work in premises where pesticide treatments have been carried out may be resumed only after the expiry of the exposure time and not earlier than the periods for admission of people to the treated premises specified in the recommendations (instructions) for the use of specific preparations. In doing so, airing of the premises shall first be carried out using supply-and-exhaust ventilation or (in the absence of mechanical ventilation) airing through windows and doors for not less than 30 minutes.
677. Where there are signs of a possible violation of the established regulations for the use of a pesticide, selective laboratory monitoring of the indoor air for the presence of residual pesticide is carried out. The content of the preparation shall not exceed the established standards.
678. After the disinfection exposure has ended, the windows and doors are opened and the room is ventilated, and the floor is swept. Refuse with the remaining insects is destroyed. If drips of the preparation have formed along the aerosol spray plume, these areas are washed with water containing soap and alkali; the feed troughs are also washed if pesticides have got into them.
679. Pesticide treatment of pastures and fodder crops is carried out in accordance with the recommendations for the use of the specific pesticides and in compliance with the requirements of the Rules.
680. In cows that gore, the tips of the horns shall be sawn off on the instruction of a veterinary surgeon. If the goring reflex does not subside after sawing off, the cow shall be culled.
681. When tending in-calf heifers and first-calf heifers and when accustoming them to milking, care shall be exercised as when handling cows of a violent temperament.
682. Breeding bull calves over 6 months of age shall, as a rule, be kept tethered, being periodically let out for exercise. Prolonged tethered keeping develops aggressiveness in the bull calves.
683. When rearing calves by the group-suckling method, the use of cows that gore and cows of a violent temperament as nurse cows shall not be permitted.
684. Persons who have completed labour protection training and a work placement of 10 to 14 shifts under the supervision of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer are admitted to servicing breeding bulls.
685. In every breeding bull intended for reproduction, at the age of 6 to 8 months, a ring is inserted into the nasal septum and is drawn to the horns by a strap. The ring is used only to control the breeding bull by means of a leading pole. The length of the leading pole shall be at least 2 m.
686. Above the stalls (loose boxes) of breeding bulls of a restless, vicious temperament, a warning safety sign is displayed bearing the explanatory inscription: "Aggressive animal!". For such bulls, a wooden plate shall be attached to the tips of the horns, and blinkers measuring 30 x 40 cm made of leather shall be put on. The blinkers are fixed so that the field of vision is minimal but sufficient for the bull to move. Such bulls shall be led out on cross-ties by two workers.
687. It shall not be permitted to shout at the bull, to tease or strike it, to cause it pain by sharply turning the nose ring or jerking it, or to use odorous substances (deodorants, eau de cologne, perfumes) when working with the bull.
688. The chain element of the tether is connected to the collar by a carabiner with an automatic catch. The length of the chain is adjusted from the side of the feed passage. When the bull is resting, the chain shall be long enough not to tighten around the neck while lying down. When work is carried out in the stall, the bull is moved to a short tether.
689. Breeding bulls shall be kept in specially designated premises without solid partitions between the breeding bulls. In cattle yards, breeding bulls shall be kept tethered in spacious individual sturdy pens.
690. Cleaning and washing the breeding bull, cleaning the feed troughs and distributing feed shall be performed after it has been secured on a short tether. The bull's head is secured from the side of the feed passage by an additional chain with a carabiner. During this, the breeding bulls are given a small amount of feed. Feed is supplied to the troughs only from the side of the feed passage.
691. When feeding a breeding bull of a restless temperament, particular care shall be exercised, and at a close distance one shall not turn one's back on it.
692. Throughout the building for keeping breeding bulls, at every third loose box (stall, pen), and also on the routes along which breeding bulls are driven for semen collection or for exercise, safety islands for workers shall be provided.
693. Safety islands shall be enclosed by posts made of steel pipes at least 2 m long, installed vertically at a distance of not more than 0.4 m from one another. The vertical posts shall not be connected to one another by longitudinal crossbars.
694. The elements of the stall enclosures shall be in good working order and sturdy.
695. Before a bull is led out of the premises, the gates of the exercise and cattle yards are closed and obstacles on the bull's route are removed. Deviation of the bull's route from the established route shall not be permitted. Oncoming or intersecting movement of bulls, and leading cows out at the same time as bulls, shall be prohibited.
696. A bull shall be led out of the stall by a lead rope with a carabiner hooked onto the collar ring, while lightly holding the bull by the nose ring with the leading pole. From a double tether, the bull is released only after the leading pole has been hooked onto the nose ring. Leading a bull out without the safeguard of the leading pole shall be prohibited.
697. For the exercise of breeding bulls, special areas with a device for forced mechanical driving shall be used, as well as electrical installations for active exercise and circular exercise areas with manual prompting to move. These devices shall preclude the possibility of workers being among the breeding bulls and of their being injured.
698. Exercise areas shall be equipped with a canopy and a separating branch for selecting and leading out the required breeding bull.
699. For breeding bulls that do not tolerate forced exercise, and also for agitated breeding bulls, individual yards for passive exercise shall be provided.
700. In exercise yards, no more than one breeding bull may be exercised on a tether. To lead a bull out of an individual yard, the worker shall, without entering the yard, hook the bull by the nose ring with the leading pole, and only after that unhook the carabiner of the tether and open the release door. Breeding bulls that do not allow the leading pole to be freely hooked onto the nose ring shall be additionally tethered with a chain connected to the collar and passed freely through the nose ring. It shall be prohibited for a worker to enter an exercise area in which there is an unsecured bull.
701. When zootechnical or veterinary activities are carried out, the breeding bull shall be secured in a restraining pen.
702. If the bull develops a negative reaction towards the worker servicing it, the colour of the special clothing shall be changed. To eliminate already developed violent behaviour, the breeding bull shall be moved to a new place, or the servicing worker shall be changed. Before accustoming the breeding bull to new workers, it is advisable to keep it on a reduced ration for several days. A new worker or operator (livestock keeper), after a break (of more than 10 days), shall begin the work of tending the bull by feeding it. In a new environment, an established reflex of violent behaviour may subside. If the reflex does not subside, the breeding bull shall be culled.
703. Workers directly tending the bull shall not be present during painful treatment and preventive procedures, or take part in hoof trimming, horn cutting or the insertion of nose rings. When assisting in carrying out zootechnical and veterinary-sanitary activities, sanitary clothing shall be worn, after which it shall be changed for special clothing.
704. Cleaning and washing breeding bulls shall be performed after they have been secured on a short tether. The behaviour of the breeding bull shall be closely monitored during cleaning.
705. Keeping a breeding bull in the common herd on summer pastures (except distant pastures), and also individual grazing, including on a tether, shall be prohibited.
706. When a herd of cattle is kept in a summer camp in the summer season, a stall shall be fenced off for the breeding bull, equipped with a shade canopy, a feed trough and a drinker.
707. When tending boars and suckling sows, particular care shall be exercised as when working with knowingly aggressive boars and suckling sows.
708. Persons who have completed labour protection training and a work placement of 10 to 14 shifts under the supervision of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer are admitted to servicing breeding boars.
709. Boars shall be kept only in individual pens. The partitions between the pens shall be solid, made of a sturdy metal grille at least 1.4 m high.
710. In pens for keeping boars, the feed troughs and drinkers shall be arranged so that the worker can distribute feed and pour water from the side of the passage without entering the pen. The pens shall be cleaned while the boars are absent from them.
711. To separate a boar in group pens, the worker shall be provided with a movable shield and a protective cylinder.
712. The tusks of boars that have reached mating age, and thereafter as they grow, shall be shortened and blunted, with the boar being compulsorily secured in a restraining pen or crush.
713. The methods of keeping suckling sows and the design features of the pens shall allow farrowing to be carried out and suckling piglets to be reared without the constant presence of workers in the pen.
714. Pens, sections, drinkers, feed troughs and equipment shall comply with the technical requirements of the manufacturers and be maintained in good working order during operation.
715. Repair and preventive work in pens and sections shall be carried out when there are no pigs in them.
716. Mass zootechnical and veterinary activities shall be performed in crush pens. Pigs shall be secured on cross-ties in a pen, and piglets on a restraining table. Where there are no pens, pigs are secured by placing a rope loop over the upper jaw. The free end of the rope shall be securely fastened.
717. In premises for mating pigs or collecting semen from breeding boars, a protective zone with a solid enclosure or grille at least 1.4 m high shall be provided for the worker.
718. When pigs are kept in windowless premises, such premises shall be equipped with standby lighting with automatic or manual switching-on of the lamps at the entrance.
719. When transporting pigs over long distances, semi-trailer livestock carriers shall be used. The sides of lorries used to transport pigs shall have an additional grille at least 1.8 m high with a mesh or solid roof. Before pigs are loaded, the vehicles are inspected and cleaned, and protruding nails are removed.
720. Professionally trained workers who have completed labour protection training and a work placement of 10 to 14 shifts under the supervision of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer are admitted to servicing breeding stallions.
721. When carrying out work tending breeding stallions, mares and young stock, workers shall be warned about every unruly and nervous horse. The tending of unruly and nervous horses shall be assigned to experienced and qualified workers.
722. In areas of stable-based horse breeding, breeding stallions shall be kept in loose boxes; in areas of herd-based horse breeding, in groups in pens or hall-type premises. In areas of herd-based horse breeding, restless stallions shall be kept individually in loose boxes located at one end of the stable. Loose boxes for keeping stallions shall have sturdy locks.
723. For the exercise of breeding horses, exercise yards (paddocks, levadas) enclosed by a sturdy fence at least 2.5 m high are provided near the stables.
724. For each breeding stallion, a set of sturdy lead reins with carabiners and bridles with plain bits and reins, and a halter with a chin ring, shall be allocated.
725. Harness, lead reins, saddles and tack shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation.
726. The distribution of feed to restless horses or breeding stallions shall be carried out only from the side of the feed passage, without the worker entering the loose box or stall. For feeding horses that have a habit of biting the worker, pull-out feed troughs shall be fitted.
727. Horses shall be groomed while tethered, and unruly ones on two cross-ties. When grooming, the worker shall stand to the side of the horse, half-turned towards it, monitor its behaviour and not use rough grooming techniques that disturb the horse.
728. During the first visits to a mare that has foaled, workers shall exercise the care required as when servicing restless horses.
729. Work on trimming hooves and shoeing horses shall be carried out in a shoeing stall installed in spacious and well-lit premises or in the yard, but under no circumstances in loose boxes. In exceptional cases, where there are no stalls, the hooves of adult horses shall be trimmed on cross-ties or held by a groom, those of young horses held in the hands, and those of vicious horses without fail on cross-ties. A horse handled without a stall shall be bridled and its head kept raised.
730. Workers carrying out work on trimming hooves and shoeing horses shall be provided with sharply sharpened knives and hoof nippers and a thick leather or canvas apron. When trimming and shoeing a horse's hooves, the worker performing these operations shall be assisted by the groom who constantly services the horse in question.
731. When shoeing, trimming hooves and casting a horse, remount knots shall be used for restraint.
732. Branding of horses shall be carried out in a restraining stall. So that the horse cannot lie down, it shall be secured by means of transverse crossbars.
733. When hot branding, the length of the branding-iron handle shall be at least 50 cm. The worker's hands shall be protected by personal protective equipment.
734. When branding a horse using liquid nitrogen (cold branding), the worker shall be provided with goggles or transparent visors and special clothing, which shall protect the skin of the worker's body from contact with liquid nitrogen.
735. The casting of horses shall be carried out only in a level, spacious place free of any foreign objects, and without fail under the direct supervision of a veterinary surgeon or a livestock specialist. At least four persons who are well instructed and know the rules and techniques of casting shall take part in the casting.
736. A cast horse may be approached for examination, treatment and other work only from the side of its back. When the work is finished, the legs are first freed from the hobbles, and then the horse's head.
737. To lead out stallions and young stock in training, bridles shall be used; unruly horses shall be led out in bridles and leading reins at least 2.5 m long. On lead reins, a horse shall be led out by two workers. To lead out breeding stallions and teaser stallions for mating, the lead reins shall be at least 5 m long.
738. When leading horses one behind another, there shall be a distance of at least 5 m (2 body lengths) between them. Leading mares and breeding stallions out for exercise at the same time shall be prohibited.
739. When leading a horse out of a loose box or into it, the door shall be fully open, the doors of the adjacent loose boxes closed, and the premises shall be lit. It shall be prohibited for workers to be in the doorways or near them at that time. The leading of horses in opposite directions in corridors, doorways or near them shall be prohibited.
740. The bridle or halter shall be removed from the horse only after it has been fully led into the loose box and turned with its head towards the door. A loose box with a horse in it shall be locked.
741. Before mounting into the saddle, the worker shall bridle the horse and check the correctness of the saddling and the soundness of the girth and stirrup leathers. Mounting a saddled horse in the stable, riding it into the premises, and using under saddle in work horses that are sick, blind or that stumble when moving shall not be permitted.
742. While in the saddle, the rider shall maintain a firm seat, not loosen the reins and not lose control of the horse. Riding skittish and unruly horses without blinkers and without a bridle shall not be permitted.
743. Riding a horse in the saddle shall be permitted only in footwear with a heel that fits freely into the saddle stirrup.
744. When horses are kept in herds, the grazing sites of the herds shall be surveyed in advance, all old wells in the grazing area shall be enclosed, and stumps, scrap metal and sharp stones shall be removed.
745. Each team of herders shall have a diagram of the horses' winter-grazing sites and the routes to the shelter sites during snowstorms and blizzards, as well as a radio set and a portable receiver.
746. Each member of the team of herders during the driving of herds shall have a complete set of special clothing corresponding to the established norms for the issue of special and standby clothing.
747. During driving, at least two working horses are assigned to each herder.
748. At the sites where herds are located, there shall be special bases (pens) equipped with crushes. At each crush there shall be a canopy to protect workers from precipitation.
749. When horses are kept in herds (on pastures remote from populated areas), the following requirements shall be observed: 1) grazing of herds that have vicious and pugnacious stallions shall be assigned to experienced herders; 2) at night and also during snowstorms, at least two herders shall be on duty with the herds; 3) mobile cabins or yurts shall be provided for the temporary accommodation of herders.
750. Herders on duty shall always have saddled horses ready and, when dismounted, hold the lead rope in their hands. Servicing a herd on unsaddled horses shall be prohibited.
751. A herder's saddle shall be provided with two girths and a surcingle, and, in mountainous terrain, additionally with a breastplate and a crupper.
752. The dividing of herds and the cutting-out of horses shall be carried out in places without ruts, gullies or obstacles. The dividing shall proceed calmly, without excessive haste and with movement within the herd at a walk. Dividing horses during a thunderstorm, rain, mud or black ice shall be prohibited.
753. During snowstorms, warmly dressed workers who know the area shall be sent to search for horses on prepared horses with a 3-day supply of provisions and feed. In sparsely populated areas, groups of 3 to 4 persons shall be dispatched to search for horses. In each group a senior herder is appointed. When searching for horses, the group shall be provided with a diagram of the travel routes, food supplies, matches, a field medical kit and, in winter, additionally with means for rendering first aid for frostbite.
754. Bathing horses in rivers, ponds and other open bodies of water shall be permitted only to workers who can swim.
755. The long-reining and breaking-in of untrained horses shall be carried out in places remote from buildings and without any obstacles nearby (gullies, ruts, fences). Before breaking-in, untrained horses shall be halter-broken and accustomed to the saddle.
756. During the long-reining and breaking-in of horses, a herd (unhaltered) horse is first accustomed not to be afraid of humans, to passing through the crush, to being caught with a catching pole or a lasso, to walking on the lead rein, and to grooming. Well halter-broken young horses from the age of 3 years are accustomed to riding and work. First the horse is accustomed to harness, then it is harnessed to a cart.
757. The catching of horses, driving them from the crush funnel into the crush, and direct handling are assigned to experienced and qualified herders.
758. No more than five horses are driven into the pre-crush funnel; the presence of workers in it at that time shall be prohibited.
759. Well halter-broken and knowingly calm adult horses may be handled in halters, held by herders or grooms. Adult horses that are accustomed to hobbles and halter-broken but not fully docile shall be hobbled for handling. Unhaltered or vicious horses, and also all young stock, are handled only in a crush or stall.
760. Herds that have vicious and pugnacious stallions shall be grazed far from through roads and settlements. Grazing shall be assigned to experienced herders.
761. A herder shall have with him a whip at least 5 m long to subdue vicious horses and stallions that lunge at people.
762. When training and testing horses at racecourses and in sports schools, the requirements of the rules and instructions established for these types of work shall be observed.
763. Professionally trained workers who have completed, in accordance with the established procedure, labour protection training and a work placement of 5 to 10 shifts under the supervision of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer are admitted to servicing sheep and goats. Shepherds shall be able to render first aid to themselves and to other injured workers.
764. When tending rams, billy goats and nanny goats, workers shall beware of being struck by their heads and horns. Any work in the pens or enclosures while there are rams, billy goats or nanny goats there shall be carried out by at least two workers.
765. In all nanny goats, billy goats and rams, the tips of the horns shall be filed down. During production or zooveterinary activities, sheep, rams, nanny goats and billy goats shall be divided into separate groups to prevent billy goats and rams from attacking workers during the work.
766. When carrying out zooveterinary activities that require being inside the flock, workers shall be provided with footwear with a rigid non-crushable toe cap and with mittens.
767. When carrying out disinfection treatment of sheep, the mixing of disinfectant solutions and the treatment of the sheep shall be carried out only under the supervision of an experienced veterinary specialist.
768. Workstations at the units for preventive treatment of sheep shall be equipped with sun-protection awnings and screened so that splashes of the working liquid do not reach the worker.
769. When feeding sheep for preventive treatment into the bath by means of a pushing trolley, the following precautionary measures shall be observed: 1) the direction and speed of movement of the trolley shall be changed only after it has stopped; 2) ensure that the rings of the cable-curtain clamps slide freely along the wire; 3) the wheels shall have protective guards with a gap between them and the rail.
770. On completion of the disinfection treatment of sheep, unused disinfectants shall be returned to the store, and the special clothing shall be decontaminated.
771. When driving sheep and goats to pasture, schedules and routes of movement to the allocated areas are drawn up for each flock, and the sites for locating the flocks and for watering are established.
772. Flocks shall be driven along roads only during daylight hours. Flocks shall cross roads at places where sufficient visibility of the road in both directions from the crossing point is ensured.
773. When driving across a road or a railway main line, flocks are divided into groups of such a size that a safe crossing that does not obstruct the movement of transport is ensured.
774. The grazing sites of sheep and goats shall be surveyed and prepared: the pasture cleared of foreign objects, and pits and disused wells filled in or enclosed.
775. When grazing in mountainous conditions, shepherds shall not be below the flock on the slope, since the grazing livestock may cause a rockfall.
776. On distant pastures, shelters for the grazing livestock from adverse weather conditions and yurts or cabins for the shepherds shall be provided. At least two shepherds shall be allocated for grazing.
777. When grazing sheep and goats on horseback, riding in the saddle shall be permitted only in footwear with a heel that fits freely into the stirrup. The horse shall be bridled.
778. When grazing sheep and goats, only trained dogs intended for this purpose shall be used.
779. Under the paddock grazing system using an electric fence, the requirements of the labour protection instructions and of the operating documents of the electric fence manufacturers shall be complied with.
780. On the wire of the electric fence, in visible places, permanent safety signs shall be fixed bearing the explanatory inscription: "Caution! Electric fence".
781. The shearing of sheep and the combing-out of down from goats shall be carried out at specially equipped stationary, mobile or temporary stations. The equipment used at the stations shall comply with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
782. The shearing of sheep by means of an electric shearing machine and the combing-out of down from goats shall be carried out in a dry room or under a canopy, on tables or dry wooden boards. Wooden boards or dielectric mats shall be placed under the workers' feet.
783. Before the start of sheep shearing, the workers of the shearing station shall be trained in the rules for rendering first pre-medical aid in the event of electric shock and mechanical injuries.
784. The start buttons of the shearing machines shall be of the enclosed type. The workers at the shearing station shall be warned of each switching-on of the main switch by a conventional sound or light signal.
785. The power-supply cable of the shearing machines shall not have kinks, loops or damage to the insulation.
786. For hanging the machines when not in use, brackets with hooks shall be provided.
787. The sharpening of the cutting pair of the shearing machine shall be carried out on a sharpening machine using a holder. The worker shall monitor the condition and the secure fastening of the machine and the disc on the electrically insulating board or grille. Installing on the sharpening machine a working disc that is damaged or less than 8 mm thick shall be prohibited.
788. During the primary processing of wool, the safety requirements set out in the technological regulations shall be complied with.
789. When using disinfectant solutions with the use of machines and toxic chemicals during the primary processing of wool, the requirements set out in the operating instructions for the machines and in the instructions of the toxic chemical manufacturers shall be complied with.
790. On completion of work, it shall be prohibited to leave toxic chemicals unattended or to pour them into bodies of water or onto the soil. Unused toxic chemicals shall be returned to the store.
791. After work with toxic chemicals, the special clothing shall be decontaminated.
792. When pressing wool on a hydraulic press, the following requirements shall be complied with: 1) the press shall be securely fastened to the foundation; 2) the power wiring shall be run in a metal pipe; 3) the electric motor and the power wiring shall, when a mobile power station is used, be earthed.
793. When loading bales of wool, standing under a suspended bale shall not be permitted; the movement of a suspended bale shall be guided with hooks or cables while standing to the side of the bale.
794. Professionally trained workers who have completed labour protection training and a work placement of 5 to 10 shifts under the supervision of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer are admitted to servicing camels.
795. Workers servicing camels shall be warned about every unruly camel and about their violent temperament during the mating period.
796. Male camels shall be kept separately. To subdue camels of a vicious temperament, a wooden mouthpiece inserted into the perforation of the camel's nasal septum (a "murunduk") shall be used.
797. To avoid injury, a camel shall be approached from the side (the area of the base of the neck and the shoulder joint).
798. When leading camels out of or into a pen, its gates shall be fully open. During this time, workers not involved in the work being carried out shall be prohibited from standing in the gateway or near it. The simultaneous leading out of male and female camels shall be prohibited.
799. Male camels shall be groomed one at a time. The camel shall be tethered. When grooming, the worker shall stand to the side of the camel and half-turned towards it, monitor its behaviour and not use rough handling.
800. Camels intended for work shall be trained and accustomed to wearing a halter and to lying down and standing up on a command given by the worker's voice and movement of the lead rope.
801. The training of a camel and its gradual accustoming to work shall begin from the age of 2 years. When tending and training camels, calm shall be maintained. Shouting, jerking the reins, brandishing a whip and beating shall be prohibited.
802. When carrying out veterinary and sanitary activities, the camel shall be restrained in accordance with the requirements of the Rules. All work to restrain camels shall be carried out by the workers who tend them. To prevent bites and the spitting of cud and saliva, the camel's jaws shall be tied with a halter.
803. During manipulations in the area of the rear part of the body, operations, rectal examinations and thermometry on a standing camel, the hind limbs shall be restrained. In this case, one worker holds the camel by the halter, and a second throws a strong rope (lasso) over both hind limbs above the hock joint and, standing behind, twists its ends around the longitudinal axis until the hind limbs are brought together.
804. When carrying out painful operations (castration, complex abdominal operations), the camel shall be restrained in the "lying on its side" position. In this position, the fore and hind limbs are tied crosswise, and the head with the neck extended is pressed to the ground. At least 5 persons shall take part in casting the camel.
805. To restrain camels, cattle tongs may be used, as well as pinching the nasal septum with the fingers.
806. When examining for pregnancy by the method of rectal diagnosis, the female camel is laid on the ground and restrained with a mating harness. On restless female camels, the hind legs are tied with a soft rope near the hock joints, drawing the shin and metatarsus together.
807. Persons who have undergone production training, labour protection training and a work placement lasting 2 to 14 shifts under the guidance of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer may be admitted to tend reindeer. Reindeer herders shall be able to provide first pre-medical aid to themselves and to other injured workers.
808. When tending a herd of reindeer, the reindeer herder shall be provided with: 1) a riding reindeer or a reindeer team with reindeer trained for work; 2) an obediently working reindeer-herding Laika dog; 3) a lasso, skis (in winter), binoculars, a compass and a travel first-aid kit; 4) a weapon and ammunition (where the appropriate permit is held); 5) spare warm clothing, a pot (kettle), a supply of food and matches in airtight packaging, kindling material and a supply of firewood (in tundra conditions).
809. To guard a herd of reindeer at pasture in the vicinity of wild reindeer, where wolves are detected, in adverse weather conditions and for journeys over long (more than 10 km) distances, two or more reindeer herders shall be assigned.
810. When a bear, wolf or other large predator appears in reindeer pasturing areas, a collective hunt shall be organised under the guidance of an experienced hunter.
811. Workers guarding the livestock and night watchmen engaged in guarding reindeer shall be provided with weapons and ammunition (where the appropriate permit is held).
812. Before going on duty or setting off in search of lost reindeer, the team leader shall familiarise the reindeer herders with the terrain and the forthcoming route, point out the main features of the terrain and natural landmarks, and inspect the herders' vehicles, equipment and clothing.
813. In mountain pastures, reindeer-herding dogs shall be kept on a leash. When climbing into mountains where rockfalls or snow avalanches are possible, taking dogs shall not be permitted. Where their help is required, they shall be kept on a leash held by the reindeer herder walking last behind the herd.
814. When moving along a snow ridge, one shall not step onto its cornice, which may collapse under the weight of the reindeer herder.
815. Before driving a herd across a river or lake over the ice, the reindeer herder shall inspect the ice cover. The thickness of the ice shall be not less than 18 cm.
816. For the capture of reindeer (of any age) and for training to work in a team, riding or under a pack, not fewer than two reindeer herders shall be assigned.
817. The harness and sledges used for training reindeer shall be in good working order, strong, dried out and properly fitted.
818. Reindeer shall be trained away from populated areas and roads with heavy traffic, and also away from rivers, lakes and seas.
819. For the sorting of maral deer and the cutting of antlers, sorting yards shall be provided with an antler-cutting stall and an adjoining approach corridor. As the maral deer move along inside the corridor, a system of hinged gates driven by means of poles is arranged.
820. When sorting reindeer, the reindeer herders shall be mounted on horses (reindeer) and shall remain outside the sorting yard.
821. For the safety of workers, entry into a pen with reindeer to inspect or remove a sick reindeer or to repair equipment and enclosures shall be made only in pairs. The backup worker shall have the means to drive off reindeer.
822. The cutting of antlers from stags shall be carried out by a work team of 5 to 6 persons. Immediately before the start of cutting, the team leader, appointed from among the most experienced workers, shall ensure that a labour protection briefing is conducted at the workplace and take measures for the practical assurance of the safety of the work team members.
823. For the cutting of antlers from stags, the antler-cutting station shall be equipped with a first-aid kit and other means for providing pre-medical aid. Where the antler-cutting station is a considerable distance from the rural settlement, means of communication and means for the prompt evacuation of workers in the event of possible injuries shall be provided.
824. The driving of stags into the sorting yards and the sorting of reindeer for the cutting of antlers shall be carried out in the evening or early morning by the whole work team.
825. The cutting of antlers shall be carried out in an antler-cutting stall. When cutting antlers, the reindeer shall be securely restrained.
826. The boiling of antlers using steam shall be carried out in a special chamber with a door that closes and latches. Extraction hoods shall be installed above the boilers, vats and vessels for boiling antlers.
827. The keeping and care of bees shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations and other local regulatory acts of the employer.
828. Work with bees shall be carried out in protective clothing - a white (light-coloured) overall or a jacket with trousers, a protective face net and gloves. The sleeves of the clothing and the bottoms of the trousers shall have elastic and fit tightly to the body.
829. The inspection of bees shall be carried out using a smoker. During prolonged work with a smoker, a respirator shall be used.
830. For catching swarms that have settled on trees, poles and other high objects, beekeepers shall be provided with ladders, lineman's climbing irons, belts and other devices that prevent the beekeeper falling from height.
831. When uncapping honeycombs with steam knives, the water level in the steam generator and the good working order of the safety valves and steam-conducting hoses shall be monitored.
832. Electric knives for uncapping honeycombs shall be equipped with heat-insulating stands and, during breaks in work, disconnected from the mains.
833. The extraction of honey in honey extractors shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers. During the extraction of honey, beekeepers shall not touch the rotating parts of the honey extractor.
834. A worker collecting bee venom shall work wearing a 4-layer gauze mask protecting the mouth and nose.
835. The collection of royal jelly and of propolis from hive cloths and the drying of flower pollen shall be carried out in a room provided with supply and extract ventilation.
836. The processing of wax raw material using an open flame shall be carried out in a specially designated place in compliance with fire safety requirements.
837. Steam wax melters shall have serviceable control and measuring instruments. Where the work is carried out indoors, supply and extract ventilation shall be provided.
838. Bees shall be transported to honey-gathering sites without stops. Making forced stops in populated areas and places where people are present shall be prohibited.
839. Stationary and migratory apiaries shall be located away from children's institutions, schools and hospitals, and also from citizens' homesteads.
840. Persons who have undergone production training, induction briefing, initial labour protection briefing at the workplace, and also a work placement lasting 2 to 14 shifts under the guidance of workers appointed by the employer or another official authorised by the employer may be admitted to work with fur animals and rabbits (hereinafter - the animals).
841. The animals shall be kept in cages with locking doors. The design of the locks shall prevent their being opened by the animals.
842. Cages for keeping the animals, nets, traps, forked catching poles, special clamps, ties for restraining the mouth and other equipment shall comply with the requirements of the manufacturers' operating documentation and remain in good working order during use.
843. Safe methods of keeping and caring for the animals shall be specified in the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
844. Before going on leave (a day off or holiday), the worker shall hang warning notices on the boxes of aggressive animals and inform the relief workers about them.
845. When catching fur-bearing animals, protective mittens, nets, traps and special devices shall be used.
846. The catching of mink and sable in a cage shall be carried out by means of a cylindrical mesh tube, a portable mesh cage or a mesh net with a metal ring 20 to 25 cm in diameter. When catching the animals with a portable mesh cage, it shall be placed with its entrance against the opening into the box into which the animal has previously been driven. When catching the animals with a mesh net, the worker shall put a leather mitten on the hand to avoid injury (a bite). The animal shall be driven into the net, the ring pressed against the floor of the cage so that it does not jump out, and taken by the neck (together with the net), closer to the ears. If the animal has to be taken without the net, it shall be held with one hand by the neck and with the other - by the body.
847. The catching of foxes and Arctic foxes in a cage shall be carried out using a forked pole. In doing so, one worker presses the animal's head against the floor or wall of the cage with the forked pole and, taking it by the hind paws and tail, draws it towards the door. A second worker grasps the ears and part of the scruff with one hand and the neck with the other, and pulls the animal out of the cage.
848. The catching of foxes and Arctic foxes by means of metal tongs may be carried out by a single worker, who grasps the animal by the neck with the tongs and, taking it by the hind paws and tail with the hand, pulls it out of the cage.
849. When catching a rabbit, it is taken with one hand by the ears and the fold of skin at the back of the head, and with the other - by the hind limbs.
850. A nutria shall be caught by hand by the middle or base of the tail and, once caught, shall be lifted slightly. When the animal makes a forward movement, it shall be taken by the hind paws. Holding the tail and hind paws in one hand, the nutria shall be allowed to rest its front paws on the lid of the box or some support. The other hand shall be brought from the side of the nutria's belly to the chest and the animal held in this way.
851. When grading mink, grading cages are used. When grading Arctic foxes and foxes, the animal's mouth is secured with clamps or ties.
852. When cleaning the box and changing the bedding, the worker shall drive the animal into the run part of the cage, block the entrance to the box, close the door and only after this begin to carry out the work.
853. When cleaning the shelves and the run part of the cage, the animal shall be driven into the box and the door closed. When removing manure in the sheds, the raised block of cages shall be secured with hooks.
854. The animals shall be transported in transport boxes or cages. After use, the box or cage shall be disinfected.
855. For carrying the animals, portable cages shall be used. The handles of the portable cages shall be positioned so that the animals cannot injure the hands of the fur farmer.
856. In winter, when snowfall begins, the access routes to the sheds shall be cleared of snow, the formation of ice prevented, and anti-slip material (sand, fine slag) applied to slippery areas.
857. The slaughter of the animals shall be assigned to specially trained workers. On the day of slaughter, an additional labour protection briefing shall be conducted with the workers.
858. Preparations for the slaughter of the animals shall be issued in the quantity of one day's requirement to persons from among the veterinary workers appointed by an order of the employer.
859. When slaughtering the animals by electric current, the labour protection requirements shall be complied with. The worker carrying out the slaughter shall be provided with serviceable and tested dielectric gloves and a dielectric mat.
860. The pelts of slaughtered animals shall be removed by specially trained workers. Where disease of the animals is suspected, the work shall be carried out wearing rubber gloves.
861. When removing pelts, the sharp ends of free hooks, pins and devices shall be covered with caps.
862. When working on machines for removing the pelts of fur-bearing animals, to avoid injury, the requirements contained in the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers shall be complied with.
863. When working in drying chambers, the following shall be done: 1) dust shall be periodically removed with a rag; 2) the floor shall be kept dry and clean; 3) before starting the fans and other process equipment, it shall be verified that there are no workers near the mechanisms; 4) when closing the drying chambers, it shall be checked whether any people remain inside them; 5) the good working order of the ventilation system shall be monitored.
864. Fur-farming work teams carrying out work on the care and keeping of the animals at a distance from places of residence shall have a team house with rooms for personal hygiene, eating and rest of the workers. The team house shall contain a fully stocked first-aid kit, to which are attached a list of the medicines it contains and instructions for their use, labour protection instructions and posters, and a memo on providing first pre-medical aid to an injured person.
865. When performing process operations for keeping poultry, the established working regimes shall be observed and production, sanitary, veterinary-sanitary and fire-prevention control shall be ensured at workplaces, on sites, in workshops and in production.
866. The operation of single-tier and multi-tier cage batteries for keeping poultry shall be carried out in accordance with the technological instructions approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. For tending poultry in the upper tiers of cage batteries, workers shall use portable stepladders, mobile platforms with a braking device and stable stands selected according to the worker's height.
867. Work with poultry in cages shall be carried out with the manure scraper units, feed dispensers and egg-collection mechanisms switched off. The washing and disinfection of a cage shall be carried out with the voltage in the electrical network switched off.
868. The placing, removal and carrying of poultry are carried out by the poultry-catching workers, at not more than 4 birds by one worker at a time. The removal of poultry from a cage is carried out with a special hook. The cage doors shall be secured in the open position.
869. Cage batteries shall not have sharp edges or burrs. In the passages between cage batteries, the floors shall be even, non-slip and free from cracks and potholes.
870. At enterprises raising waterfowl, when using natural and artificial water bodies, the descent to the water bodies shall be wide, gently sloping and cleared of shrubs and stones. The bottom of the water body shall be measured and the boundaries of the water area fenced with metal mesh.
871. When tending poultry on water bodies, workers shall be provided with stable rowing boats. Workers who are able to swim may be admitted to the work.
872. Before commissioning single-tier cage batteries, the required tension of the chains, belts, cable and conveyor belts shall be ensured. After adjustment and calibration, the equipment shall be run in without load.
873. In floor keeping of poultry with the arrangement of perches above manure boxes, the removable panels shall not have gaps between the slats. The perches shall not have protruding nails.
874. Cleaning shall be carried out with cleaning equipment (scrapers, brushes) using personal protective equipment (safety goggles, respirators, mittens).
875. When using electric brooders for the local heating of chicks, the temperature regulation under the hood shall be carried out automatically. The switching of elements and the setting of the temperature regulator to the specified temperature regime shall be carried out after the brooder is disconnected from the electrical network.
876. A winch device shall be used to raise the brooder.
877. When preparing production premises for the placement of agricultural poultry, the irradiation units shall operate in automatic mode. With manual control, the plug connectors shall be located in places that preclude the irradiation of workers.
878. When using infrared and ultraviolet lamps for the local heating and irradiation of young poultry, workers shall work in protective clothing and be provided with safety goggles.
879. During prolonged irradiation with ultraviolet lamps, on completion of the irradiation the room shall be thoroughly ventilated to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances.
880. When using equipment to create a microclimate in poultry houses, its operation with faulty control and measuring instruments shall not be permitted. A protective mesh shall be provided on the suction air duct.
881. When heating poultry houses using heat generators, the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers shall be complied with.
882. When catching and transferring poultry, workers shall exercise caution and protect their hands, face and eyes. Poultry shall be caught using the prescribed personal protective equipment. To protect the respiratory organs from the ingress of down and dust during the catching of poultry, workers shall use respirators.
883. When catching floor-kept poultry, a dense curtain fixed on brackets built into the wall shall be used. Fixing the curtain to elements of process equipment or to windows shall not be permitted.
884. Adjustment of the belt tension or correction of skew and displacement of the conveyor belt for collecting eggs and poultry shall be carried out only with the electric motor of the drive station switched off.
885. Chain and belt conveyors used for moving boxes of eggs through the workshop shall have emergency "Stop" buttons every 15 m or a remote cable shut-off along the entire length of the conveyor. If the conveyor is not visible along its entire length from the starting point, the starting device shall be interlocked with light and sound signalling.
886. Before placing eggs in the incubator, the process operation of decontamination shall be mechanised, and gassing and packing - automated. On the floor by the incubator control panels there shall be dielectric mats.
887. Washing and disinfecting substances for eggs shall be harmless and provided with a certificate stating the method of use and storage. It shall not be permitted to use solutions without a proper certificate and instructions on the method of use, or to engage for their preparation workers who do not have authorisation and medical clearance.
888. During work on the washing machine, eggs shall be fed into the machine and received evenly. Opening the protective casing and spilling the washing solution shall be prohibited.
889. When working with trays of eggs on a candling table, workers shall be provided with goggles with light filters, and shall also use light filters when treating eggs and chicks with ultraviolet rays.
890. During work on the egg-sorting machine, it shall not be permitted to adjust or lubricate the working parts, to correct the stamping device or to roll out stuck eggs by hand.
891. The control panels of incubators and electrical appliances shall be covered with protective covers, and the fan drive and other moving parts guarded with protective casings.
892. Electric motors, electrical panels and control and signalling devices shall be earthed.
893. The removal of young stock from hatchers shall be carried out wearing safety goggles and a respirator that protect the worker from down and dust.
894. Incubators and hatching cabinets shall be disconnected from the mains before washing and disinfection. For lighting the cavity of the incubator, portable lamps with a voltage of 12 V shall be used.
895. Transport work for the delivery of poultry to the slaughter workshop and loading and unloading work shall comply with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
896. Live poultry for slaughter shall be received in a specially designated room adjacent to the room where the conveyor line is installed that automatically transports the poultry to the processing machines. The receiving accumulation conveyor shall have a guard preventing the poultry from flying out, and shall also have a stream of air moving counter to the movement of the poultry, heated in winter.
897. When removing poultry from wooden boxes and containers, safe methods shall be observed, paying particular attention to the protection of the eyes, face and hands.
898. Workers hanging poultry on the conveyor shall work in overalls and use safety goggles or face shields protecting the face, respirators and mittens. In doing so, care shall be taken to ensure that the poultry does not injure the hands with its claws (spurs).
899. The feeding of poultry to the hanging operation shall be carried out by a conveyor in the direction of movement of the conveyor on the left side of the worker.
900. At the poultry-hanging workplaces, guide strips shall be provided to ensure a stable position for the shackles.
901. Large poultry is hung on the overhead conveyor at every one or two shackles with particular care.
902. The poultry-hanging area shall be separated from the rest of the slaughter workshop and equipped with forced supply and extract ventilation with local extraction of contaminated air and a device for the local supply of fresh air to the workplaces with the possibility of regulating its force and direction.
903. The installation (dismantling) and operation of the overhead conveyor shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements and instructions set out in the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturer.
904. At places where workers pass and to ensure free access to the serviced equipment, "rises" and "descents" shall be installed along the path of movement of the conveyor.
905. On sections of the conveyor located outside the operator's field of vision, the control panels shall be equipped with two-way warning pre-start (sound, light) signalling that switches on automatically before the conveyor drive is engaged.
906. From the moment the signal is given to the start of the conveyor there shall be not less than 10 seconds, so that workers in the danger zone can move away. The presence of several conveyor starting points shall not be permitted.
907. At the workplaces there shall be signs explaining the meanings of the signalling means used and the conveyor control modes.
908. Emergency stopping of the conveyor shall be carried out by the emergency "Stop" button. Where the conveyor passes through rooms, "Stop" buttons shall be in every room. Emergency stopping of the conveyor in the cases provided for by the production instruction, by pressing the "Stop" button, shall be carried out by the person who is the first to detect the emergency situation.
909. The drive station of the conveyor shall be guarded.
910. The electric motors of the drive devices shall be switched on and off only by persons responsible for the safe operation of the conveyor.
911. The conveyor control points and the places where it passes through adjacent rooms shall be illuminated.
912. When electrically stunning poultry, the body of the electric stunning apparatus shall be earthed. The good working order of the insulation of the electrical wires and the guarding of the live parts shall be checked daily. The apparatus shall be switched on to the mains only before the start of the poultry-feeding conveyor. When the apparatus is operating, touching its contact electrodes shall not be permitted.
913. During external slaughter of poultry, before cleaning and sanitary washing of the cutting disc, the machine shall be disconnected from the mains, and a sign shall be hung on the starting device: "Do not switch on! People at work".
914. The protective casing shall be removable, so as to make it possible to clean and sanitarily wash the cutting disc.
915. During manual slaughter of poultry, workers engaged in operations with a knife shall be trained in safe methods of carrying out the work. Knives shall have support surfaces that prevent the hand sliding onto the blade of the knife.
916. The workplace of a poultry slaughter (cutting) worker shall be equipped with a knife, a sharpening steel, a case for knives and sharpening steels, a height-adjustable chair and a foot grille.
917. Factory-made sharpening steels shall be used for honing a hand knife. The handle of the sharpening steel shall have a ring protecting the hand from cuts when honing the hand knife.
918. Knives and sharpening steels shall be carried and temporarily stored in cases that fully cover the blades of the cutting knives and the rods of the sharpening steels. The cases shall provide the ability to be hung up at workplaces.
919. Hand cutting tools for sharpening shall be collected at workplaces and carried in a special closed box with a handle and slots for the tools.
920. In the vicinity of the workplaces where poultry is slaughtered, sinks with a supply of hot and cold water shall be provided.
921. The bleeding of poultry shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. During the transport of a container with blood, the spillage of blood and the appearance of slippery places shall not be permitted.
922. During the heat treatment of poultry, to prevent burns, the safety requirements set out in the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers shall be observed.
923. All setup, adjustment and repair work, as well as the cleaning and sanitary washing of the process equipment for the heat treatment of poultry, shall be carried out only after the complete stopping of the apparatus and the draining of water. The inlet valve shall be closed, and a sign shall hang on it reading: "Do not switch on! Personnel at work".
924. The shut-off device for releasing water from the apparatus shall be located in a place that is safe and convenient for servicing.
925. The installation of equipment and lighting fixtures above the apparatus shall not be permitted.
926. To remove poultry carcasses that have fallen out of the hangers from the apparatus, hooks with a long handle shall be used.
927. The loading of the machine and the unloading of poultry carcasses from the machine for removing the feathers of land and waterfowl poultry shall be carried out automatically or manually in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
928. Safe operation of the beating-and-washing machine shall be ensured by observing the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
929. The operation of the gas singeing unit shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers. If a gas leak is detected, the unit shall be switched off. Any detected fault shall be rectified immediately.
930. The method of feeding feathers for processing, the drying of feathers, the sorting of feathers and their packaging shall comply with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
931. The pump for the hydraulic conveyance of feathers and the loading of feathers with water into the separator shall be securely fastened.
932. When wringing feathers in a centrifuge, before starting work it shall be ensured that it is in good working order and that there are no foreign objects inside the drum. The guard of the centrifuge, mounted on a sturdy frame, shall be securely fastened. It shall not be permitted to overload the drum or to open the cover until it has come to a complete stop.
933. When operating the feather-drying machine, it shall be ensured that no foreign objects enter the machine together with the feathers, care shall be taken during loading, the set air temperature in the dryer shall be monitored, and the permissible pressure in the air heater shall not be exceeded.
934. To remove static electricity charges during the drying of feathers, a solution of a substance that removes static electricity shall be injected into the receiving section of the machine.
935. Adjustment and repair work shall be performed after the complete stopping of the drying drum, the switching off of the starting devices, the switching on of the air heater and the cooling of the dryer to the ambient temperature.
936. The feather-drying machine shall be stopped: 1) when the steam pressure in the dryer body rises above the permissible level; 2) when cracks, bulges, leaks or sweating in the welded seams are found in the dryer body; 3) when the pressure gauges and the safety valve are faulty; 4) in the event of a fire.
937. To prevent the possible switching on of the agitator shaft drive when the hatch is open, an interlock of the hatch with a limit switch shall be provided.
938. The steam outlet from the safety valve shall be directed to a place that is safe for the worker.
939. The bag-sewing machine shall be in good working order and shall be used in accordance with the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturer.
940. The working part of the machine for separating the heads and legs of poultry shall be covered by protective guards. The protective guards shall be removable so as to provide the ability to clean and sanitarily wash the machine.
941. When discharging poultry carcasses and legs, process malfunctions (jamming, clogging, hanging-up) shall be rectified only when the overhead conveyor is stopped.
942. The waxing of poultry carcasses shall comply with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. When waxing carcasses, exhaust ventilation hoods shall be installed above the baths. The accumulation of spent wax mass in production premises shall not be permitted.
943. To avoid burns, standing near the bath during its start-up and stopping, and leaning on the edges of the bath, shall be prohibited.
944. The operation of the carcass opener shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations and the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
945. During the manual evisceration of carcasses, the knives shall have supporting surfaces that prevent the hand from slipping onto the blade of the knife.
946. In the washing area, protective screens made of a transparent polymer material shall be installed against the splashing of water.
947. In the vicinity of the workplaces, a container with a disinfectant solution shall be installed for the periodic treatment of hands and tools.
948. All operations connected with the technical maintenance and the rectification of faults of electrical equipment shall be carried out by an electrician specialist and only when the mains supply is switched off.
949. The removal of the crop, trachea, oesophagus and evisceration residues shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
950. When processing poultry gizzards, the removal of the cuticle shall be carried out manually or by a mechanised method in accordance with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. When carrying out this work manually, the worker shall wear chain-mail gloves.
951. Carcasses and giblets shall be cooled with water in accordance with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
952. When packaging poultry carcasses and giblets, the sorting and the placing of poultry carcasses into bags shall be performed manually, semi-automatically or automatically in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
953. When using semi-automatic packaging machines, the interlock shall prevent operation of the semi-automatic machine when the protective screens are open.
954. When the pedal is pressed all the way down, a signal lamp on the table of the packaging machine shall light up and shall go out after the time relay is triggered in accordance with the set pulse time (from 1 to 3 seconds).
955. The shrinking of polymer films in heat-shrink chambers shall be performed in accordance with the technological regulation approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
956. The section for packaging products in heat-sealable materials shall be equipped with exhaust ventilation separate from the general ventilation.
957. For the emergency stopping of the machine for producing semi-finished products, the emergency "Stop" button shall be used.
958. During sanitary treatment, the electrical and electronic equipment and the cable electrical network of the packaging-and-weighing complex shall be protected against the ingress of water, aqueous and disinfectant solutions and acids.
959. Machines with circular saws and cutting knives shall be operated in good working order and shall have no cracks, chips or burrs.
960. The operation of machines for deboning breasts and legs shall be carried out in accordance with the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
961. During the operation of the machines for deboning breasts and legs, the insertion of hands into the working area of the machines shall be prohibited. The protective curtains of the working elements shall have interlocks that switch off the machines when hands enter the working area.
962. When producing semi-finished products using a band saw, its rotating and moving parts (pulleys, cutting blade) shall be covered by a protective casing.
963. The preparation, breading, refrigeration treatment, heat treatment, portioning and packaging of culinary products from poultry produce shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
964. When carrying out production processes for processing poultry produce using heat-generating process equipment (cooking boilers, thermal cabinets, drying chambers, other types of equipment that generate heat), all sources of heat generation, as well as the steam pipelines and hot-water pipelines, shall have devices and fixtures that eliminate or limit the release of convective and radiant heat into the working room by means of sealing, thermal insulation, shielding, heat removal or another safe method.
965. The process equipment for preparing sausage products shall be switched on only on a pre-established signal and in the sequence determined by the technological regulations.
966. The working elements of the process equipment may be cleaned of clogging only when the equipment is switched off and completely stopped, with the application of measures that prevent accidental starting of the machine or equipment. A sign is hung on the starting device: "Do not switch on! Personnel at work".
967. At the workplaces, notices, diagrams and other information on the necessary sequence of actions in a hazardous or emergency situation shall be posted.
968. The deboning and trimming of meat shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
969. During the deboning and trimming of meat, a metal shield preventing water from reaching the worker shall be installed in the water-splashing area.
970. When working on presses for the mechanical deboning of poultry, the safety requirements provided for by the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers shall be observed.
971. When washing the press, care shall be taken on contact with the cutting edges of the augers, perforated sleeves, knives, rings and bushings. The washing shall be carried out using special brushes. When cleaning the valve gap of bone residue, a special hook shall be used. A worker carrying out the washing of the perforated sleeve with an alkaline solution shall wear personal protective equipment.
972. The grinding of meat in a cutter, a grinder or a machine for grinding block frozen meat shall be carried out in the manner of and in accordance with the safety requirements and the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
973. During the salting of poultry meat, the feeding of raw materials and auxiliary materials into the process equipment shall be mechanised. During the operation of the injector, the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer shall be fulfilled.
974. When preparing minced meat, the mixing screws (blades, augers) of the mincemeat mixer shall be covered by a safety grate (cover) interlocked with the starting device so that the automatic stopping of the mixing screws (augers, blades) is ensured when the grate (cover) is not tightly closed.
975. For the safe pushing of raw materials, workers shall use wooden pushers. The handle of the pusher shall have a stop limiting entry into the receiving throat, and the length of the working part up to the stop shall be less than the depth of the receiving throat and shall not reach the working element.
976. When tying sausages, the tables shall be equipped with pull-out (retractable) chairs for the moulders of sausage products, allowing them to work in a "sit-stand" posture, and with fold-down seats fastened to the legs of the tables for the short rest of the workers engaged in hanging the sausages.
977. To prevent illnesses from cooling, workers engaged in tying loaves with chilled minced meat shall wear personal protective equipment for the hands and shall use devices for warming the hands.
978. To prevent burns to workers from steam and hot water discharged from the cooking boilers, the discharge pipe shall be led out to a safe place and fenced off.
979. Cooking boilers shall regularly undergo technical examination, inspection and repair.
980. The gas contamination of the operator's workplace during the heat treatment of sausages from the operating smoke generator shall not exceed the permissible concentration. It shall not be permitted to leave the chamber closed after the "Smoking" mode without carrying out ventilation to remove the smoke residues.
981. Autoclaves, fat-rendering apparatus and separators shall be operated in accordance with the requirements of the operating documents of the equipment manufacturer.
982. Exhaust ventilation shall be provided above the open boiler for fat rendering.
983. The shut-off fittings (valves, cocks) on the pipelines for cold water, steam, the draining of water from the jacket, and the draining of sediment and fat shall have a reliable seal that does not allow the leakage of steam, product and water.
984. For the purpose of safety against the build-up of pressure in the jacket of the fat settling tank, the overflow pipe and the water discharge pipe shall be connected to the atmosphere.
985. The portioning of fat into glass jars with subsequent capping on automatic or semi-automatic seaming machines shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
986. Exhaust ventilation hoods shall be installed above the washing machines, the baths for washing jars and the steam sterilisers of jars.
987. The loading of jars into the washing machines and steam sterilisers and their unloading shall be carried out by a mechanised method.
988. When washing and sterilising empty jars, the splashing of the washing solution and hot water and the passing of steam into the surrounding environment shall not be permitted.
989. The preparation, washing, grinding, portioning, capping, blanching and sterilisation of poultry meat, fat and oil shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer in accordance with the Rules.
990. When blanching raw materials, the safety valves of the mixing-and-cooking boilers shall be kept in good working order. The valves shall be purged at the intervals specified in the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturer.
991. When filling jars, the guard of the conveying track shall ensure the smooth entry and exit of the jars from the automatic machine and shall eliminate the possibility of the worker's hands getting under the rotating mechanisms.
992. The heat-radiating surfaces of the feeder of the automatic machine and of the supply fat pipeline with a steam jacket shall be insulated.
993. The seaming machine shall be operated in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
994. During the operation of the seaming machine, the insertion of hands into the area of the seaming heads and the jar-feeding star wheels shall be prohibited.
995. When using semi-automatic seaming machines, the guard of the seaming head shall be interlocked with the starting device that switches off the drive of the machine when the guard is opened.
996. The mass of the counterweights of the covers of the autoclaves and sterilisers shall be adjusted so that the possibility of the spontaneous lowering of the covers is eliminated.
997. The platforms and steps of stairs shall be made of materials that provide anti-slip properties. The manufacture of steps from round metal and with a smooth surface shall not be permitted.
998. When labelling canned goods, the machine for applying labels shall be equipped with local exhaust ventilation.
999. In the absence of jars on the feed branch of the conveyor, in the presence on it of an overturned, broken or deformed jar, in the absence of labels in the "magazine" or of glue in the drum, the machine shall automatically switch off.
1000. The workplace of a worker engaged in the inspection of egg mass after its extraction from the shell shall be equipped with local exhaust ventilation and a combined washbasin for washing and disinfecting the hands in cases where spoiled eggs are found.
1001. During operation, when separating and collecting the residues of egg mass from the eggshell, the cover of the device shall be tightened with wing nuts located in the upper plane of the cover.
1002. For the convenience of moving the device during the period of its sanitary treatment, it shall be equipped with a special handle.
1003. When filtering melange, a pressure gauge with a diaphragm separator assembly shall be installed on the tee connecting the egg-mass pump, to protect the internal cavity of the sensitive elements of the pressure gauge from the egg mass. The homogeniser shall be used in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
1004. The assembly and disassembly of the homogenising unit shall be carried out with a tool specially intended for these purposes. The component parts of the unit with a mass of more than 20 kg shall have points or devices for slinging when lifting.
1005. When filling and packaging melange, the supply pipelines into the storage tank shall be airtight.
1006. The semi-automatic and automatic machines for filling and capping melange into tin cans and polymer bags shall be operated in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
1007. When drying melange in a nozzle spray dryer, all air ducts, melange pipelines and steam pipelines shall be airtight.
1008. Entry into the drying tower for its inspection, cleaning or repair shall be permitted only when the unit is stopped and only when the air temperature in the tower is no more than 30 °C. In this case, the work in the tower shall be carried out by no fewer than two workers (one observer being outside).
1009. For the inspection of the tower and for repair work inside it, only portable electric lamps with a voltage no higher than 12 V shall be used.
1010. During the repair of the drying unit, warning signs shall be posted on the valve of the steam pipeline of the air heaters, as well as on the electrical starting devices and the electrical panel: "Do not switch on! Personnel at work".
1011. When drying melange in a dryer with a disc atomiser, the pump for atomising oil shall have a safety valve.
1012. When drying melange in a vibrofluidised bed of granules of inert material, the agitator shall rotate freely. Friction of the impeller against the walls of the tank shall not be permitted.
1013. The air heaters shall be used in accordance with the requirements of the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
1014. The pipelines supplying steam and removing condensate shall be repaired with the valves closed.
1015. The V-belt drive of the vibration drive shall be guarded with casings along the entire length of the belt.
1016. The feeding of egg powder for packing and the removal of packages with egg powder shall be carried out by a mechanised method.
1017. The workshops and sections for the production of dry animal feed shall be located in separate premises.
1018. The production of feed and technical products shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
1019. The equipment, tools and inventory of the raw materials department, the floors, walls and chutes shall be disinfected daily at the end of work.
1020. The department for the production of feed and technical products shall have a chamber for disinfecting vehicles and inventory, as well as a chamber for treating the containers for packaging feed flour.
1021. In the workshops for feed and technical products, effective supply-and-exhaust permanently operating ventilation shall be provided, and the places with significant heat, steam and dust emissions shall additionally be equipped with local extractors.
1022. The premises for feed and technical products shall be equipped with devices for eliminating unpleasant odours. In the technical products workshop, the air emissions removed by the local extractors and containing meat-and-bone or flour dust shall be cleaned before their discharge into the atmosphere.
1023. The method of obtaining feed and technical products using cooking boilers shall comply with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer, and with the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
1024. In the case of repair work inside the boiler, as well as of forced interruptions during the loading of the boiler, a special enclosing device shall be provided that prevents the falling of workers and the ingress of foreign objects into the boiler.
1025. The room in which the boiler is installed is equipped with emergency lighting that makes it possible to monitor the instruments and the operation of the boiler when the power supply in the main electrical network is switched off.
1026. The production of feed flour using crushing machines (grinders), dosing, portioning and packaging shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer, and the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
1027. When grinding poultry heads and legs, the loading of raw materials into the grinder from the side of the electric motor shall not be permitted.
1028. The guard of the drive and the loading hopper of the crusher (grinder) shall be interlocked with the starting device.
1029. The composition and content of the main labour protection actions in the organisation of land-reclamation work shall be determined by the work execution designs in accordance with the labour protection rules in construction, approved by the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation in accordance with sub-clause 5.2.28 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, approved by Government Resolution of the Russian Federation No. 610 of 19 June 2012 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Article 3528), and with the requirements of the Rules.
1030. When developing work execution designs for land-reclamation work, the employer shall provide for the following measures ensuring the safety of production processes and the protection of workers: 1) the use of control-and-measuring instruments, anti-emergency protection devices, and means of receiving, processing and transmitting information located in the zone of observation (control) of the worker; 2) the development of routes for the movement of machines and machine assemblies precluding cases of their collision and drives into the rest zones of workers arranged on open areas; 3) the loading of the process equipment ensuring an even rhythm of work; 4) the organisation of the performance of work precluding or limiting (reducing) the physical and neuropsychological overloads of workers; 5) the use of safe methods of unloading materials from machines into vehicles, precluding the use of manual labour; 6) the provision of workers with tools and fixtures for the safe conduct of work.
1031. The work execution design for land-reclamation work shall be agreed with the organisations operating the power transmission lines, communication lines, water-and-gas pipelines and other utilities passing through the reclaimed area.
1032. The production processes for the conduct of land-reclamation work shall be carried out in accordance with the labour protection requirements.
1033. The operation of the mobile and stationary construction machines, other means of mechanisation, production equipment, fixtures, process tooling, hand machines and tools used in carrying out land-reclamation work shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the normative legal acts containing state normative labour protection requirements, and of the Rules.
1034. The starting of machines shall be carried out by the machine starting system from the workplace of the driver (operator, tractor operator). The starting of machines by means of towing or by rolling down a slope shall not be permitted.
1035. Machines shall be equipped with the necessary means for cleaning the working elements. The cleaning or the rectification of a fault of the working elements shall be carried out with the unit stopped and with the engine not running.
1036. The changing, cleaning and adjustment of the working elements of mounted implements and machines that are in a raised state may be carried out only after taking measures that prevent their spontaneous lowering.
1037. Machine-and-tractor units, self-propelled or stationary machines used during land reclamation work shall be stopped immediately if a malfunction occurs.
1038. The movement of self-propelled machines to the work sites shall be carried out in accordance with the developed routes approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. All workers involved in the production process shall be familiarised with the routes during the briefing.
1039. The movement of machines across natural or artificial obstacles may take place only after the travel path has been examined. Where necessary, the travel path of the machine shall be planned taking into account the requirements specified in the operating documentation of the machine.
1040. The departure of machines to the work site shall take place only if the driver (machine operator, tractor operator) holds a certificate.
1041. The presence in the cab of machines, as well as at the work area, of persons not connected with the performance of the given production process shall not be permitted. The number of persons carried in the cab of a machine is determined by the number of seats in the cab provided for by the design.
1042. Under field conditions, the storage of machines and their refuelling with fuel and lubricants shall be carried out at special sites. The refuelling of machines with fuel shall be carried out by a fuel bowser.
1043. Before commencing work in places where harmful substances may be present, including in enclosed vessels, wells, trenches and prospect pits, an analysis of the air environment shall be carried out.
1044. The development of cutting areas and the performance of forestry work when preparing sites for land reclamation work shall be carried out in accordance with labour protection requirements.
1045. Before the start of development, for each cutting area, with reference to the specific conditions of the terrain, the machines used and the equipment, a process flow chart is drawn up, which sets out: 1) the procedure for preparing workplaces; 2) the procedure for felling trees; 3) the list of equipment, tools, devices and machinery used; 4) the list of actions ensuring compliance with safety and labour protection requirements.
1046. Organisational management at the cutting area, in accordance with the requirements of the process flow chart, is carried out by the foreman, who shall have at his disposal such a number of work teams (units) whose work he can organise and monitor daily. The foreman shall familiarise the workers with the process flow chart and issue a diagram of the section of the cutting area being developed by the work team, with clear depictions of the sequence of development of the sections, the hazardous zones, the skidding trails and the loading points during tree felling. When carrying out felling operations with the aid of a set of machines, their interaction shall be indicated and the hazardous zones specified.
1047. Before felling trees, the workplace shall be prepared: the shrubs around the tree that hinder felling shall be cut down, an escape route shall be prepared in the direction opposite to the fall of the tree, and in winter the snow shall be cleared and trodden down.
1048. The process flow chart for the development of the cutting area by felling machines shall specify the operating procedure of the machines and their interaction with one another. Where additional use of petrol-engine tools during machine felling is necessary, the sections or the sequence of work of the feller and the machines, and the scheme of movement of people, including the passage to the place for taking meals, shall be determined.
1049. Paths and roads crossing a cutting area on which machine felling of trees is carried out during the hours of darkness are fenced off with safety signs and prohibitory signs, and barriers are installed, which, where necessary, shall be lit. The need to light the barriers is determined by the foreman.
1050. The burning of wood residues shall be carried out under the direction of a responsible person (for example, a team leader or foreman) who has undergone special briefing.
1051. The work team carrying out the burning of wood residues shall be equipped with two sets for extinguishing fire (fire extinguishers, fire hooks, shovels, buckets and other means) and two bulldozers with towing ropes 30 to 50 m long each, for the possible towing of one of them in the event of an unforeseen stoppage during the work of burning wood residues.
1052. When burning windrows of tree-and-shrub mass, it shall be prohibited: 1) to leave burning heaps of wood residues without duty work teams and a person responsible for this work; 2) to shake up the burning windrows with a bulldozer (grubber, brush cutter); 3) to carry out agricultural work in the burning areas.
1053. The burning and burying of wood residues on peatlands shall be prohibited.
1054. When grubbing out stumps, individual workers, blasters or separate work teams of blasters shall be at a safe distance from one another and shall know precisely the locations and directions of movement of one another.
1055. When positioning blasters working as a work team on stump grubbing, the team leader shall indicate the direction of movement to each blaster when lighting the igniter tubes and when withdrawing to shelter, give signals common to all blasters, and light the control tubes.
1056. Work to clear vegetation residues and stones shall be carried out during daylight hours and with visibility of not less than 50 m.
1057. Levelling work may be commenced only after the removal of tree-and-shrub vegetation, the grubbing out of stumps, the removal of stumps and stones, and the performance of the necessary loosening work.
1058. If large stones, stumps, wood and other objects are found in the soil being worked, the work shall be suspended. The work shall be resumed only after the removal from the machine's travel path of obstacles that may cause an accident.
1059. The lifting of the virgin layer and the primary tillage of the soil shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the process (operational) charts, the technical descriptions and other operating documents of the machine manufacturers and of the Rules.
1060. The coupling of the aggregated machines to the tractor (for example, ploughs, cultivators, harrows) and between the individual machines shall be secure and shall preclude their spontaneous uncoupling.
1061. It shall be prohibited to commence the primary tillage of the soil on areas not cleared of stones and wood residues.
1062. Before the commencement of earthworks in the area of underground utilities, written permission shall be obtained from the organisation responsible for the operation of these utilities, and signs indicating the locations of the underground utilities shall be installed.
1063. The excavation of soil in the immediate vicinity of operating underground utilities using mechanisms or percussion tools (crowbars, picks, pneumatic tools) shall not be permitted. This work shall be carried out only with shovels, without sharp blows.
1064. When extracting soil from excavations with the aid of buckets, protective canopies (visors) shall be provided to shelter those working in the excavation.
1065. When operating earthmoving machines, measures shall be taken to prevent their overturning or spontaneous movement.
1066. The site on which the excavator is to operate shall be cleared of trees, stumps, large stones and other foreign objects, and surface water shall be drained from it.
1067. When excavating soil, the excavator shall be set up on a levelled site, and its tracks or wheels shall be braked. To prevent spontaneous movement, the excavator shall be secured with portable stops. The use of logs, stones and improvised materials for this purpose shall be prohibited.
1068. If hazardous conditions arise (soil landslides, breakage of power line wires, difficult meteorological conditions), the work shall be stopped immediately, the workers shall be withdrawn from the hazardous zone, and the hazardous areas shall be fenced off.
1069. When developing excavations in the soil with a face-shovel excavator, the height of the face shall be determined in such a way that "overhangs" of soil do not form during the course of the work.
1070. Earthworks during the hours of darkness may be carried out only on firm soils with sufficient lighting of the work front and the area adjacent to it.
1071. During the loosening of frozen soils with mechanised percussion devices (wedge, ball hammer and other devices), prohibitory signs shall be installed within a radius of 50 m of the excavator, in accordance with the established requirements and with an explanatory inscription "Entry into the excavator working zone is prohibited". When loosening frozen soil with mechanised percussion tools, people shall be at a distance of not less than 30 m from the work site. When loosening soil with non-mechanised percussion tools (for example, a crowbar or pick), people shall be at a distance of not less than 5 m from the loosening sites.
1072. The simultaneous operation on one site of several excavators (machines), one of which breaks up frozen soil, may take place at a radius of not less than 50 m from it.
1073. The excavator shall be provided with a reliably functioning device for giving an audible signal. Signals are given according to an established system, which shall be well known to all personnel servicing both the excavator and the transport vehicles.
1074. The loading of soil into the bodies of transport vehicles shall be carried out from the rear or the side board, in a position that precludes movement of the excavator bucket over the cab of the vehicle or tractor. If the cab is not protected by a safety shield, the driver shall, during loading, leave the cab and remain outside the operating radius of the excavator boom.
1075. Transport vehicles may be moved during loading only with the permission and on the signal of the excavator operator.
1076. Work involving the use of an excavator, where any part of it may come within the protection zone of a live or disconnected power transmission line, shall be carried out under a permit to work, under the direction and continuous supervision of the performing authority.
1077. On steep descents and ascents with a longitudinal gradient exceeding that established by the technical data of the excavator, its movement may take place only in the presence of the person responsible for carrying out the work or of a mechanic. In this case, to avoid overturning, the excavator shall be towed by a tractor or a winch.
1078. When excavating soil by the hydromechanisation method: 1) the working zone of the hydraulic monitor within one and a half times the range of its jet, as well as the zone of possible soil collapse within not less than three days' output, shall accordingly be marked with warning signs and inscriptions and fenced off along the top of the face; 2) the location of a hydraulic monitor with manual control (directly by the operator) shall be such that a distance of not less than the height of the face is ensured between the nozzle of the hydraulic monitor and the wall of the face, and between the hydraulic monitor and the overhead power transmission line in all cases not less than twice the range of its water jet; 3) water conduits and slurry pipelines shall be located outside the protection zone of the overhead power transmission line; 4) on the water conduit, within not more than 10 m of the workplace of the hydraulic-monitor operator, there shall be a valve for stopping the supply of water in emergency cases; 5) the places of the dumps of the hydraulically deposited soil shall be fenced off or marked with warning signs; 6) the cleaning of the sump of the slurry receiver may be carried out only after switching off the hydraulic monitor and the suction dredger; 7) carrying out work with the hydraulic monitor during a thunderstorm shall not be permitted; 8) the workplace of the hydraulic-monitor operator shall be protected from the face by a protective screen.
1079. Drainage work in the protection zone where underground utilities are located (electric cables, gas pipelines and others) may be carried out where there is written permission from the organisations responsible for the operation of these utilities. If underground structures not shown on the working drawings, or explosive materials, are discovered, the drainage work is stopped immediately until permission is obtained from the relevant supervision and control authorities.
1080. Before the start of construction, 30 to 40 per cent of the materials shall be delivered to the facility, but not less than a two-week supply. The main part of the materials shall be delivered in winter.
1081. The distribution of drainage materials along the routes of the drains shall be carried out by a special unit consisting of 2 to 3 workers (including a tractor operator). For this purpose, depending on the terrain passability, both crawler and wheeled tractors with a lifting mechanism and a trailer (sledge) and other equipment may be used.
1082. Before the distribution of pipes and other drainage materials, the unit shall obtain from the foreman or the team leader a diagram of the on-site layout of the drains, collectors and structures, indicating the places for unloading the materials, and a briefing on the safe performance of the work.
1083. Depending on the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the construction of drainage trenches (slots) may be carried out with trench-type, narrow-trench and trenchless drain-laying machines, as well as with single-bucket excavators. The excavation of the trenches, irrespective of the mechanisation means used, shall begin from the mouth of the drains.
1084. If a danger of soil cave-ins or of horizontal cracks in the trench walls arises while work is being carried out in it, the workers shall be withdrawn immediately from the hazardous zones, and the work of laying, jointing and insulating the pipes in such sections shall be resumed only after the trench walls have been shored up.
1085. Descent into a well shall be carried out in the presence of the person in charge of the work or his deputy and where a permit to work is available.
1086. While a worker is in the well, the persons involved in the descent shall not move away from the well.
1087. When cleaning open reclamation canals of sediment with the aid of excavators, the path along which the excavator or the canal cleaner travels shall be levelled and, on weak soils, reinforced with panels.
1088. When constructing drainage canals to be lined with reinforced-concrete structures, along the berm of the canal, on the side from which the materials and products are delivered, a strip shall be cleared equal to the width of the installation lifting mechanism, of the carriageway for transport vehicles and of a berm not less than 1 m wide.
1089. The delivered reinforced-concrete structures (for example, slabs for lining the canals, chutes, headwall blocks) used for the construction of drainage canals are unloaded along the route of the canal and are set up in an inclined position, resting on special posts designed for the required load.
1090. The feeding of reinforced-concrete slabs to the place of laying on the slope shall be carried out with the aid of spreader beams that ensure the design position of the slabs (at an incline) and their laying at once with the whole surface onto the prepared slope.
1091. When carrying out installation work on steep slopes of canals, safety belaying of the installers shall be arranged. The places and methods of fastening the safety belts to the installed structures shall be determined by the work execution design.
1092. The unslinging of reinforced-concrete structures fed into the canal shall be carried out only after measures have been taken to prevent their spontaneous displacement.
1093. The formwork used for the erection of monolithic reinforced-concrete structures shall be manufactured and used in accordance with the work execution design approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
1094. When installing formwork elements in several tiers, each subsequent tier shall be installed only after the lower tier has been secured.
1095. The places for preparing, diluting, carrying and applying the bitumen mastic shall have sufficient lighting.
1096. The passages along which the bitumen mass is carried shall be clear and free of debris, and where there are slippery places, sprinkled with sand. Walking with cans filled with hot bitumen mass on the scaffolding, as well as lifting cans out of the canal and lowering them into a deep canal by hand, shall not be permitted.
1097. In the case of non-mechanised pouring, the bitumen mass shall be poured into the cans with the aid of ladles with long handles, filling the containers to no more than 3/4 and closing them tightly with lids.
1098. Before the start of insulation work in apparatus and other enclosed vessels, all electric motors shall be switched off, blanks shall be fitted on the supplying process pipelines, and in the appropriate places posters (inscriptions) shall be hung up warning of work being carried out inside the apparatus.
1099. When carrying out work using hot bitumen by several work units, the distance between them shall be not less than 10 m.
1100. For the installation of sprinkler machines, a site (strip) shall be prepared whose dimensions and gradients shall be not less than those specified in the operating documentation for the specific make of machine.
1101. The irrigation of agricultural crops shall be carried out under the direction and control of a specialist (for example, a hydraulic engineer, an agronomist or an engineer) in accordance with the irrigation schedule approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
1102. Before the start of maintenance and elimination of a malfunction, a poster shall be hung up on the control panel of electrified machines: "Do not switch on! People are working".
1103. When bringing a sprinkler machine into operation, the valve of the hydrant supplying water to the pipeline of the machine shall, to avoid water hammer, be opened slowly, over not less than 1 to 2 minutes. The water pressure at the inlet to the pipeline shall not exceed that permitted by the technical specifications.
1104. Where the shut-off valves of the irrigation network are placed in wells and there are no remote control devices for the valves on the ground surface, the opening (closing) of the valve shall be carried out under a permit to work by a work team of not less than three persons.
1105. After the elimination of damage, the pipeline network shall be subjected to a test of the strength of the joints. When carrying out the tests, actions shall be provided for to prevent (preclude) the effect of harmful and hazardous production factors on those working.
1106. It shall be prohibited to carry out all types of irrigation work during a thunderstorm or a storm.
1107. Appropriate information about their technical data shall be applied to the pumping units. The utilities and apparatus are provided with technical-data diagrams indicating the purpose and diameter of the pipeline. Numbers according to the utilities diagram and arrows indicating the direction of rotation are applied to the valves.
1108. In the premises of the pumping station, in prominent places, the internal regulations, the duty schedules and the necessary instructions on labour protection, fire-prevention actions and the operation of the pumping units shall be posted.
1109. Pipes passed through the walls of the pumping station into special openings shall be protected with casings.
1110. The monitoring of the operation of all the units of the pumping station and their per-shift maintenance shall be carried out by the duty mechanic. The duty personnel are changed in accordance with the schedule approved by the employer.
1111. Work to repair the equipment of the pumping station shall be carried out according to a schedule drawn up by the person in charge of the work, in compliance with safety measures. The equipment shall be disconnected from the mains, and a sign "Do not switch on! People are working" shall be hung up.
1112. The cleaning and repair of the intake chambers may be carried out only after they have been completely disconnected from the canal and the ingress of water into the chamber has been precluded.
1113. The presence of people in the water-intake chamber shall not be permitted, even with an insignificant leakage of water.
1114. The design of the water-intake structures shall ensure the safety of work during the inspection and cleaning of the water-intake wells, the inlet gratings and the headwork from contamination, the chipping of ice, and the flushing of the gravity galleries.
1115. The devices on the suction and gravity lines in the shore wells (valves, slide gates, lifting mechanisms, intake valves and others) shall be accessible for servicing and repair.
1116. In the wells and chambers there shall be firmly fixed devices for descent (steps, ladders).
1117. The servicing of all mobile pumping stations shall be carried out in accordance with the following requirements: 1) before installing the pumping station on the bank of a body of water, the site shall be levelled and measures shall be taken to prevent the possibility of its sliding; 2) before the start of work, the workers shall check the serviceability of the station and during operation shall not leave it unattended if the station is not operating in automatic mode; 3) workers not connected with the work being carried out shall not be admitted to it; 4) all moving parts (for example, couplings, cardan shafts) shall have protective casings; 5) maintenance and repair work shall be carried out only after the pumping station has been stopped and the voltage in the electrical network has been removed.
1118. Mobile pumping stations shall be transported on a trailer at reduced speeds.
1119. The installation site of the pumping station shall be equipped with safety means in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers' operating documentation.
1120. During the operation of floating pumping stations, constant observation of the horizontal position of the pontoon shall be maintained. The list of the pontoon shall not exceed 4°.
1121. On each floating pumping station there shall be signalling and fire-fighting means, as well as individual rescue means for the servicing personnel. Around the station a rope shall be stretched, fixed at such a height that a person can grasp it to prevent falling overboard.
1122. The floating pumping station shall be (taking into account the load capacity of the station) moored and anchored. The ropes used shall have a safety factor of not less than sixfold.
1123. Economic entities engaged in the production and primary processing of agricultural products shall have facilities for the drainage and treatment of waste water that poses an environmental hazard to the environment and the health of the population.
1124. The treatment and discharge of waste water into water bodies shall be carried out in accordance with labour protection requirements.
1125. When carrying out the treatment of waste water, the following shall be done: 1) hazardous work shall be carried out with the issuance of a permit to work; 2) the sealing of the production equipment shall be monitored to prevent direct contact of workers with substances and materials that have a harmful effect on workers and the environment; 3) manual labour shall be mechanised and automated to eliminate the effect on the worker of hazardous or harmful production factors.
1126. Treatment facilities, waste water pumping stations, pipelines, and shut-off and regulating fittings shall not be sources of harmful effect on the health of workers and the population.
1127. Open tank structures of the sewerage systems shall have serviceable guards conforming to the requirements of the design and technical documentation.
1128. The maintenance and repair of the sewerage networks and pumping stations shall be carried out within the time limits and to the extent provided for by the technical regulations approved by the employer and another official authorised by the employer, and by the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers. Workers carrying out the maintenance and repair of the sewerage networks and the equipment of the pumping stations are admitted to the work after training and verification of knowledge of labour protection.
1129. Workers carrying out the operation and repair of the sewerage networks shall be trained in the techniques of providing first aid to the injured.
1130. The external inspection of the sewerage networks without opening the well hatches may be carried out by a single worker, who shall wear an orange signal waistcoat and carry a portable barrier sign.
1131. The inspection of the networks with the opening of the well hatches shall be carried out by a group of two persons provided with hooks for opening the hatches, portable barrier signs and other necessary tools, and dressed in orange signal waistcoats. When inspecting the sewerage networks, it shall be prohibited to descend into the wells, to smoke tobacco, or to use an open flame near an open well.
1132. For opening and closing the valves located in the wells, a fork rod shall be used, and remote handwheels and valves with remote drive shall be installed, eliminating the need for workers to descend into the wells.
1133. Work in a walk-through sewerage collector shall be carried out after the following preliminary preparation ensuring the safety of the performance of work: 1) the channel is freed of sewage liquid, the hatches of the inspection wells are opened to ventilate the collector, temporary gratings are installed on the wells, and a duty post is organised; 2) the person in charge of the work carries out a briefing, issues a permit to work and checks that the workers are provided with protective means and devices. Workers carrying out work in walk-through sewerage collectors shall be provided with the following protective means and devices: 1) gas analysers or gas detectors; 2) special clothing and special footwear; 3) protective helmets and orange waistcoats; 4) oxygen isolating or hose breathing apparatus (the total length of the hose shall not exceed 12 m); 5) accumulator lamps; 6) fans with mechanical or manual drive; 7) protective guards and portable safety signs; 8) hooks for opening the hatches of wells and chambers; 9) fork rods for opening the valves in the wells; 10) portable ladders. When working in the sewerage collectors, the replacement of oxygen isolating breathing apparatus with filtering ones shall not be permitted.
1134. Work in a walk-through sewerage collector shall be carried out by a work team of not less than 7 workers, divided into two groups. The first group of not less than 3 workers carries out the work in the collector; the second group is on the surface and provides belaying and the rendering of assistance to the group located in the collector. In each group a senior person is appointed from among the specialists, and radiotelephone communication shall be maintained continuously between the groups.
1135. When using special machines for cleaning the sewerage networks, the requirements of the operating documentation of the manufacturers of the special machines shall be complied with. The drivers of the special machines shall be prohibited from descending into the wells if they have not undergone training and verification of knowledge of labour protection for the performance of this work, have not been included in the permit to work and have not been provided with personal protective equipment.
1136. When clearing blockages in networks with a large head of sewage liquid, to prevent flooding of the well or chamber in which the work is being carried out, a plug shall be installed in the well located higher up.
1137. Work in a sewerage well (chamber, tank) shall be carried out by a unit of not less than 3 persons, one of whom is appointed as the senior. The duties of the members of the work team are distributed as follows: 1) one worker carries out the work in the well (chamber, tank); 2) the second worker, with the aid of a rope, belays the worker in the well and observes him; 3) the third worker is on the surface, passes the necessary tools and materials to the worker in the well, where necessary renders assistance to the first two workers, and observes the movement of traffic. It shall be prohibited to distract the observing worker for the performance of other work until the worker has come out of the well (chamber, tank) to the surface.
1138. If several workers descend into a well (chamber, tank), each of them shall be belayed by a worker located on the surface.
1139. In the working part of a sewerage well there shall be steel steps or suspended ladders for descent into the well. The ladders or steps used for the raising or lowering of workers shall be equipped with devices for fastening the lanyard of the safety belt.
1140. When carrying out work in the wells, the following shall be done: 1) before carrying out work on the carriageway, the place of work shall be fenced off; 2) before descending into the well (chamber, tank), they shall be checked for gas contamination of the air environment with a gas analyser or gas detector. The descent of a worker into a well without a check for gas contamination shall be prohibited; 3) a safety belt with a signal-and-rescue rope shall be used, irrespective of the results of the check for gas contamination; 4) the presence and strength of the steps or the ladder for descent shall be checked; 5) during the course of the work, the air environment in the well (chamber, tank) shall be periodically checked for gas contamination with a gas analyser (gas detector).
1141. If gas is discovered in a well (chamber, tank), measures shall be taken to remove it by means of natural or forced ventilation. It shall be prohibited to remove the gas by burning.
1142. If the gas cannot be completely removed from the well, the descent of a worker into the well or chamber and work in them may be carried out only in an isolating or hose breathing apparatus, using a special tool that does not produce sparks on impact.
1143. When using a hose isolating breathing apparatus, the workers located inside and outside the well shall ensure that the intake hose of the breathing apparatus has no kinks or sharp bends and that its end is in a zone of clean air, for which purpose it shall be fixed at a place selected in advance for this.
1144. The covers of the wells and chambers shall be closed after the permission of the person in charge of the work, who shall personally make certain that there are no people, inventory, tools or foreign objects in them.
1145. Before workers enter, the premises of the pumping stations, the gratings and the intake tanks shall be ventilated by switching on the supply-and-exhaust ventilation. The ventilation shall operate continuously throughout the entire time that workers are in the premises. The device for switching on the ventilation and lighting of the grating premises shall be placed in front of the entrance to them or in the machine room.
1146. A change in the operating mode of the station and the taking of equipment out of operation shall be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions of the pumping station, developed taking into account the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers and the features of the operation of the specific station, and approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. During the performance of this work, the shift supervisor shall be present.
1147. Maintenance, preventive inspection and repair of pump units shall be carried out after they have been fully stopped, with the electrical voltage switched off, the drive belts removed and the necessary fire-safety and explosion-safety measures ensured. Prohibitory signs reading "Do not switch on! Personnel at work" shall be posted on the starting devices.
1148. Pumping stations shall be provided with emergency signalling (light and sound). Where there are no permanent operating personnel, a signal indicating a disturbance of the station's normal operating mode shall be transmitted to a control point manned around the clock in the following cases: 1) emergency shutdown of equipment; 2) disturbance of the process; 3) rise of the limiting levels of wastewater or sediment in the tanks, in the inflow channel of the buildings, of the screens or screen crushers; 4) exceedance of the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful gases in the working area.
1149. Channels supplying wastewater and activated sludge to the screens, as well as those discharging treated water, shall be covered with removable wooden or concrete panels or fenced with railings. For crossing open distribution and drainage channels, transfer bridges shall be provided.
1150. Work to clean the screens in the channels shall be carried out under a permit to work by a work team of 3 persons with a senior person appointed. The specific features of the work shall be set out in the permit to work. Repair and emergency work in the screen rooms shall be carried out after thorough ventilation and checking of the air composition with gas analysers or gas detectors.
1151. Mechanical rakes shall be cleaned of refuse after they have been fully stopped, using scrapers. Removing refuse from the rakes by hand shall be prohibited.
1152. Refuse shall be removed to places designated for this purpose. Until removal, it shall be stored in containers with lids and treated daily with bleaching lime. The containers shall bear plates indicating the inventory number, the load-carrying capacity and the test dates. The serviceability of the containers shall be checked.
1153. Where objects that are not subject to crushing reach the screen crusher, their removal shall be carried out after the screen crusher has been fully stopped.
1154. The servicing of grit traps shall be carried out from special bridges equipped with removable guards. Repair work with the removal of the guards may be carried out after a permit to work has been issued.
1155. Flotation units used to remove surface-active substances and fats shall be equipped with devices preventing the units from being overfilled with wastewater. Overheating the fat mass above 95 °C shall not be permitted, so as to avoid its foaming and ejections.
1156. Preventive inspection and repair work on flotation units shall be carried out under a permit to work after the tanks have been emptied and with the ventilation running.
1157. Settling tanks shall be equipped with devices preventing their overfilling with wastewater liquid or deposited sediment.
1158. Channels supplying wastewater liquid with activated sludge to the settling tanks, as well as channels discharging treated water, shall be covered with removable concrete panels.
1159. Work inside the wells of settling tanks, tunnels and collectors shall be carried out under a permit to work.
1160. The rotating parts of the sludge scrapers of settling tanks shall have guards.
1161. For the discharge of sludge from a settling tank, valves with a fork rod shall be provided. Descent into the settling tank to open the sludge valves shall be prohibited.
1162. The repair of settling tanks, equipment or pipelines located under water shall be carried out after the tanks have been freed of water and gas. The work shall be carried out under a permit to work. Checking for the presence of hazardous gases in the tank shall be carried out using gas analysers. Using an open flame for this purpose shall be prohibited.
1163. The distribution network of the channels of the filtration fields, the enclosing banks, roads, bridges and other structures shall be kept clean and repaired in good time. At night, red signal lamps shall be kept burning at hazardous sections.
1164. For workers servicing the irrigation and filtration fields, a room for warming shall be provided.
1165. Where biofilters, aerofilters and aeration tanks are located inside premises, mechanically induced supply-and-exhaust ventilation shall be provided. The ventilation shall be switched on from outside the premises at least 10 minutes before the workers enter them. The gas contamination of the air environment in the premises shall be checked with a gas analyser or gas detector.
1166. Ladders and platforms for servicing biofilters shall have railings. Repair work on biofilters shall be carried out in compliance with the safety requirements for work at height. The number of workers shall be not less than two persons.
1167. Inspection of the inner layers of the packing of tower biofilters shall be carried out through the side hatches after the biofilters have been taken out of operation.
1168. Clogged rotating and stationary sprinklers of biofilters shall be cleaned only after they have been taken out of operation. Replacement of the packing material of biofilters shall be carried out using mechanisms, and the workers shall wear personal protective equipment while doing so.
1169. Aeration tanks shall be fenced around their periphery with a barrier, with gaps only at the points where the barrier meets the railings of the transfer bridges.
1170. The servicing of aeration tanks with mechanical aerators shall be carried out using personal protective equipment.
1171. Repair work inside aeration tanks shall be carried out under a permit to work. To carry out the work, ladders and scaffolds matching the dimensions of the tanks shall be used. Carrying out repair work in an aeration tank without emptying it shall be prohibited.
1172. The electrical equipment of the rooms of digesters shall have a backup power supply to ensure the continuous operation of the ventilation with the required air exchange rate. The presence of workers and the performance of any work in the rooms of digesters with the ventilation not running shall not be permitted.
1173. The operation of the gas holders and the gas network of digesters, and the removal of gas from digesters, shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the process regulations approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer.
1174. The pipelines of the utility lines of digesters shall be painted in colours corresponding to their purpose. Notices indicating the symbolic designations of the colouring are posted in a conspicuous place.
1175. The gas network of each digester shall be fitted with valves for disconnection from the main pipeline.
1176. For monitoring the gas network and the gas devices, a worker shall be appointed whose duties include the daily inspection of the network and the equipment, as well as monitoring the condition of the fire-fighting equipment.
1177. The sites on which digesters and gas holders are located shall have fencing at least 1.1 m high. Smoking tobacco and using an open flame on the sites shall be prohibited.
1178. The gas pressure in the gas systems of digesters shall be monitored by signalling instruments. Where the pressure in the gas systems is exceeded and in the event of accidents on the pressure gas pipeline, the gas shall be released into the atmosphere directly or through safety devices.
1179. The air composition in the rooms of digesters shall be checked using gas analysers. Gas leakage or the suction of air into the gas devices shall not be permitted.
1180. Breaches of the tightness of welded seams, coupling and other joints of the pipelines of gas systems shall be determined using a soap solution. When checking for gas leakage, bringing an open flame to the surface of the gas pipeline and gas devices shall be prohibited.
1181. In rooms where gas leakage has been detected, measures shall be taken to eliminate the gas contamination.
1182. When carrying out repair work in the rooms of digesters, metalworking tools made of non-ferrous metals (copper, bronze, aluminium alloys) that do not produce sparks on impact shall be used. Tools coated with a layer of non-ferrous metals may be used. In exceptional cases, tools for cutting metal or spanners shall be thickly coated with solid oil, grease or technical petroleum jelly. The floors in the work area shall be lined with rubber mats.
1183. Where it is necessary to enter a gas-contaminated room, the workers shall use isolating breathing apparatus. Using filtering breathing apparatus shall be prohibited.
1184. The thawing of frozen sections of pipes shall be carried out with hot water, steam or hot sand. Thawing frozen condensate in gas pipelines with blowlamps or using electric heating for this purpose shall be prohibited.
1185. Work in digesters involving the descent of workers into them shall be carried out under a permit to work. The air environment shall be checked for the absence of a hazardous concentration of gases.
1186. The approaches to the structures of the sludge beds for drying sediment shall have guards ensuring the safety of the workers.
1187. The operation of equipment for the mechanical dewatering and thermal treatment of sediments shall be carried out in accordance with the operating documentation of the equipment manufacturers.
1188. Vacuum filters shall be equipped with an exhaust hood and a special device for washing the sediment, which eliminates the splashing of water, and shall be fitted with pressure gauges and vacuum gauges for measuring and monitoring the pressure in the blow-off chamber and the vacuum in the suction chamber.
1189. For blowing the sediment off the filter cloth, compressed air shall be used; using steam for this purpose shall be prohibited.
1190. For cleaning and replacing the nozzles of vacuum filters, a working platform shall be provided.
1191. Regeneration of the filter cloth on the filter drum with a hydrochloric acid solution shall be carried out wearing personal protective equipment.
1192. The worker responsible for the safe operation of the chlorine facilities, appointed by an order of the organisation, shall check the technical condition of the chlorine facilities daily, keep a log of the consumption and receipt of chlorine, and monitor the timely completion of the planned preventive maintenance schedule.
1193. In the rooms of the chlorine facilities, automatic gas analysers shall be installed, interlocked with the emergency ventilation and the sound signalling, with output to a control point. The chlorine facilities shall be equipped with protective equipment, inventory and tools in accordance with the established equipment schedule. The protective equipment shall be stored in the vestibule in front of the entrance to the chlorination room. On the cabinet door there shall be a list of the equipment stored.
1194. Chlorination rooms and chlorine stores shall have emergency electric lighting from backup power sources, with luminaires installed in the vestibule and outside the premises.
1195. Where the service store is located more than 100 m from the treatment facilities and the daily consumption of liquid chlorine is not more than three cylinders, a room for storing a three-day supply of chlorine shall be provided at the dosing room, having a separate exit to the outside and meeting the requirements applicable to service stores.
1196. The transport of drums and cylinders from the store to the dosing room shall be carried out on special stretchers or trolleys with pads having cut-outs to fit the corresponding containers.
1197. The ventilation ducts of the chlorination room shall not be connected to the ventilation systems of other premises. Air intake for exhaust shall be carried out directly at the floor, where the accumulation of chlorine is possible.
1198. Before chlorine is supplied from the cylinders and containers into the dosing system, a warning signal shall be given to the workers.
1199. An increase in the withdrawal of gaseous chlorine may be achieved by positioning the cylinders at an incline. Where necessary, heating with water may be used. Increasing the quantity of evaporated chlorine by installing additional cylinders or heating the chlorine vessel with an open flame shall be prohibited.
1200. Work in the course of which chlorine leakage is possible (replacing containers and cylinders, unscrewing caps, handwheels and valves, disconnecting tubes from the cylinders in use, connecting new chlorine vessels) shall be carried out wearing breathing apparatus.
1201. Disinfection of wastewater with a solution of a chlorine-containing reagent (sodium hypochlorite and bleaching lime) shall be carried out in rooms equipped with mechanically induced exhaust ventilation. Vessels with chlorine-containing reagents shall be placed in a separate darkened room protected from atmospheric precipitation.
1202. The operation of electrolysis units in the production of sodium hypochlorite shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1203. Switching on an electrolysis unit with a faulty automation system, with the local and general exhaust ventilation not running, and without checking the serviceability of the earthing of the electrical equipment, shall be prohibited.
1204. The rooms of electrolysis units shall be equipped with mechanically induced supply-and-exhaust ventilation, as well as local exhausts from the electrolysers.
1205. The servicing of the rectifier unit and the electrolyser shall be carried out from dielectric mats. Reversal of the polarity of the electrodes shall be carried out only with the voltage switched off.
1206. The servicing of bactericidal units for water disinfection shall be carried out wearing protective goggles. Starting a bactericidal unit into operation with the lamps switched on without filling the chambers with water shall be prohibited.
1207. Removal of the protective covers of a bactericidal unit may be carried out only after the unit has been switched off and the absence of voltage at the terminals has been checked with an indicator (by applying a portable earthing). Before the lamps are replaced, the capacitors shall be discharged using a special discharger.
1208. In the ozonator room, gas analysers shall be installed that automatically switch on the sound signalling at hazardous concentrations of ozone. In the event of ozone leakage, malfunctions in the operation of the equipment and other emergency situations, the operation of the ozonator unit shall be stopped immediately.
1209. Sampling of wastewater liquid shall be carried out through devices that prevent the spillage of liquid or the release of gases and vapours into the air of the working rooms (sampling taps, drip samplers). Where necessary, the sampling points shall be equipped with local ventilation exhausts. The illumination at the sampling points shall be not lower than the established standards.
1210. Sampling from radial, sectional and vertical settling tanks and reservoirs shall be carried out from specially equipped platforms (bridges) having guards. Taking samples from iced-over platforms and bridges shall be prohibited.
1211. Sampling from reservoirs shall be carried out with a bathometer. If the depth of the reservoir is less than 1 m, the sample may be taken with a bottle enclosed in a metal frame with a lead bottom.
1212. Sampling of wastewater liquid from wells and buried structures shall be carried out by two workers.
1213. Sampling of the air environment of sewer wells shall be carried out in the upper and lower zones.
1214. For storing samples of wastewater liquid, vessels made of borosilicate glass or polyethylene shall be used. For carrying the samples, special boxes shall be used.
1215. To avoid infection during sampling, the workers shall disinfect their hands with a disinfectant solution. Admitting persons who have damage to the skin to work on the sampling of wastewater shall be prohibited.
1216. The microbiological analysis of wastewater liquid shall be carried out in a separate room (box).
1217. Vessels that have held cultures of microorganisms shall, on completion of the work, be subjected to sterilisation or disinfection and only after that be handed over for washing.
1218. For measuring out wastewater, there shall be a special pipette with a bulb or other devices for drawing in liquid.
1219. The surface of the work tables, the used devices and the laboratory glassware (slides and cover glasses, Petri dishes, pipettes and the like) shall be treated with a disinfectant solution after each analysis and at the end of the working day.
1220. The rubber gloves, gown and footwear required for carrying out microbiological analyses shall be treated with a disinfectant solution.
1221. During the transport of raw materials, feedstock, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and waste of agricultural production, the employer shall ensure: 1) the use of safe transport routes; 2) the use of transport means that preclude the occurrence of hazardous and harmful production factors; 3) mechanisation and automation of transport; 4) the use of automatic monitoring and diagnostic means to prevent the formation of an explosive environment.
1222. The carriage of heavy and (or) large-sized loads (combine harvesters, excavators, tractors) may be carried out only after the owner of the vehicle (its representative) has obtained special written permits issued by the authorised bodies in accordance with the requirements established by the authorised federal executive body <6>. ------------- <6> Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia No. 167 of 5 June 2019 "On approval of the Procedure for issuing a special permit for the movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle on public roads" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 26 July 2019, registration No. 55406). The carriers shall undergo a briefing on labour protection and safety for the route of movement.
1223. On-farm roads used for the transport of agricultural raw materials, finished products and waste of agricultural production shall meet the conditions of safe movement for the drivers of vehicles, self-propelled agricultural machines and horse-drawn carts. The roads shall be even, without deep pits or steep slopes, and shall have visibility at intersections sufficient for the safe passing of large-sized machinery. Any subsidences, potholes, washouts and other hazards that arise shall be eliminated as a matter of priority, and until they are eliminated shall be fenced off with clearly visible barriers or warning signs.
1224. To ensure road traffic safety, there shall be a diagram of the movement routes of vehicles, tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines along the on-farm roads, approved by the employer or another official authorised by the employer. The diagram of the movement routes shall be posted at the parking and storage places of the transport, in front of the entrance to the territory of the organisation and in other places associated with the operation of on-farm transport.
1225. When selecting routes for the safe transport of agricultural loads, the following shall be excluded: 1) steep ascents, waterlogged sections, potholes and subsidences that agricultural machinery is unable to overcome; 2) passes across mountain ranges and sections of gorges with complex, heavily dissected or insufficiently stable slopes; 3) sections of roads on which the visibility distance from the cab of the vehicle in the direction of movement is less than 60 m; 4) more than six turns with a radius of less than 100 m on a section not more than 1 km long; 5) two consecutive turns forming a convex and concave curve with a radius of less than 120 m; 6) a rut depth exceeding the ground clearance of the vehicle and agricultural machines.
1226. In the event that a hazard has arisen on the movement route, the appropriate signs shall be installed and movement shall be suspended until the hazard is eliminated.
1227. In the winter period, on on-farm roads in permanent use, anti-slip materials, as well as materials preventing the formation of ice, shall be spread, and at the onset of snowfall the clearing of snow from the roads shall be started.
1228. Roads, crossings, bridges, ice crossings, fords, dams and levees shall be kept in serviceable condition.
1229. The transport of hazardous liquids (acids, alkalis, liquid chemicals) in glass containers from the unloading point to the store and from the store to the point of consumption shall be carried out on stretchers, barrows and trolleys specially adapted for this purpose, ensuring the labour protection requirements during the performance of the work.
1230. When transporting hazardous liquids, the tanks shall bear inscriptions warning of the danger, "Flammable", "Dangerous", "Poison", depending on the nature of the liquid being transported.
1231. The carriage of cylinders in an upright position shall be carried out in special containers. The loading and unloading of containers and cylinders shall be mechanised.
1232. When transporting fuels and lubricants and aqueous ammonia, the road tankers shall be provided with not less than two high-foam fire extinguishers, a device for storing or securing the hoses in the non-working position, and metal earthing chains.
1233. Equipment intended for the pneumatic transport of dry feed and mixtures shall be earthed against static electricity.
1234. When using farm animals for transport work, farm animals may be harnessed only to serviceable carts, sleds and agricultural implements.
1235. Working with oxen without a bridle or a nose-rope shall be prohibited.
1236. For each farm animal, a fitted set of serviceable harness shall be available.
1237. The length of the tugs, traces and shafts shall be such that the farm animals, in any movements, cannot reach the swingletree or the fore-carriage with their hind legs and can walk freely at a walking pace.
1238. Before releasing a team of farm animals for work, the team leader shall check the serviceability of the transport and the harness, as well as the availability and quality of the necessary auxiliary equipment, and shall brief the driver. Setting off with a team with faulty harness, without a breeching and the necessary tools, shall be prohibited.
1239. When using horse-drawn carts at night, they shall be equipped with retroreflectors or lamps. On a horse-drawn cart, a lamp for white light is fitted at the front, and a lamp for red light at the rear.
1240. Riding skittish and unruly horses without blinkers and without a bridle shall not be permitted.
1241. Horses engaged in transport work shall have all hooves shod.
1242. For trips to places with heavy traffic of motor vehicles and other vehicles, calm horses accustomed to such conditions are allocated.
1243. All vehicles and horse-drawn agricultural implements shall have seats positioned in such a way that the horse cannot reach the driver with its hind leg.
1244. When horse-drawn transport moves in a convoy along roads with a gradient, gaps shall be maintained of a length that precludes the carts running into one another.
1245. When horse-drawn transport moves in a convoy along a road with a gradient of more than 5°, the distance between carts following one another shall be not less than the length of the gradient. On gradients, braking shall be applied periodically so that the cart does not run into the horse. The presence of people on the horse-drawn transport in these cases shall be prohibited.
1246. In winter, where the thickness of the ice is less than 18 cm, and also in spring when cracks appear on the ice and open patches of water form, the movement of horse-drawn transport over the ice on rivers and lakes shall be prohibited.
1247. The railway track shall be crossed at the places and under the conditions stipulated by the road traffic rules of the Russian Federation in force <7>. ------------- <7> Resolution of the Council of Ministers - Government of the Russian Federation No. 1090 of 23 October 1993 "On the Road Traffic Rules" (Collection of Acts of the President and Government of the Russian Federation, 1993, No. 47, Art. 4531; 2020, No. 14, Art. 2098).
1248. When descending on carts from steep sections of the road, it shall be prohibited to sit on the load, to hold or prop it up with the hands or shoulder on the side of the skid, or to wind the reins around the hands.
1249. Before the start of movement on horse-drawn carts (sleds), timber and heavy and large-sized loads shall be securely fastened to the horse-drawn carts (sleds) with a chain, cable or strong rope, and also secured with stakes or wedges.
1250. When loading timber and heavy and bulky loads onto carts, it shall be prohibited to lift large-diameter logs to roll them over the ends of the stakes, or to catch with the hands logs lagging on the skids and push them forward.
1251. On descents, at road intersections, at railway crossings and other hazardous places, leaving a horse without control shall be prohibited.
1252. Leaving farm animals harnessed to agricultural implements without drivers during stops shall be prohibited.
1253. Horse-drawn transport shall be stopped for loading with timber at a distance of not less than 50 m from the place where timber felling is carried out.
1254. When approaching a farm animal, the worker shall warn it of his approach by voice.
1255. Machines intended for the transport of mineral fertilisers shall be serviceable and shall be subjected to cleaning and neutralisation of fertiliser residues.
1256. Before loading (unloading) mineral fertilisers, it shall be ensured that the marking data (the container label), the accompanying document certifying the type of product, and the warning inscriptions on the packaging are present.
1257. Before loading soft containers (big bags), the body of the vehicle shall be cleared of foreign objects, and the sides and platform of the body covered with a tarpaulin.
1258. The slinging of a soft container shall be carried out using load-gripping devices or the sewn-in slings, lifting loops and lugs of the container. A smooth lifting of the container shall be carried out to check the reliability of the slinging and to preclude its turning.
1259. The loading, unloading and placement of soft containers (big bags) using truck cranes, crane mechanisms and forklift trucks shall be carried out under the direction of the person responsible for the safe performance of loading and unloading work (the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes, where work is performed with lifting machines), appointed by the head of the organisation from among the managers or specialists.
1260. Where signs of rupture of the load-bearing shell of a big bag are detected, the container shall be placed on a pallet. In this case, loading and unloading work is carried out with forklifts whose forks enter the openings of the pallets or the loops of the container.
1261. The degree of filling of vessels (tanks, reservoirs) with liquid mineral fertilisers shall be determined taking into account the full use of their capacity and the volumetric expansion of the product in the event of a possible temperature variation en route. Vessels for transporting aqueous ammonia shall be filled to not more than 93 per cent of their full capacity, and with anhydrous ammonia to 85 per cent. The vessels shall be painted accordingly and bear the corresponding inscriptions.
1262. The transport of pesticides is carried out in the containers of the manufacturers.
1263. The worker responsible for the carriage shall be positioned in the cab of the vehicle and shall ensure the stability of the container units during loading, monitor the condition of the load and the containers and, in the event of damage to them, stop the vehicle and eliminate the damage.
1264. During the transport of pesticides, the presence on the vehicles of workers not connected with the work being carried out shall be prohibited.
1265. The driver shall have a set of personal protective equipment and shall be briefed on the safety measures for handling the preparations being transported, including first-aid (pre-medical) measures and methods of neutralising pesticides in the event of one or another emergency situation.
1266. Loading and unloading work shall be mechanised.
1267. After completion of the work, vehicles are subjected to wet cleaning and decontamination in accordance with the requirements set out in the recommendations for the use of the transported preparations.
1268. During the storage of source materials, raw materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and waste of agricultural production, the employer shall ensure: 1) the use of storage methods that preclude the occurrence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors; 2) the use of safe storage devices; 3) the mechanisation and automation of loading and unloading work; 4) protection against pathogenic micro-organisms; 5) compliance with the requirements of the veterinary and sanitary rules.
1269. The methods of stacking raw materials and finished products for storage shall ensure the safety of workers by means of: 1) the stability of stacks, packages and unit loads; 2) mechanised loading and unloading; 3) the use of personal protective equipment.
1270. Owing to the seasonal nature of the work, agricultural organisations shall have specialised premises, production sites (machine yards) and field camps for the short-term or long-term storage of machines, mechanisms and equipment. The specialised premises, production sites (machine yards) and field camps shall comply with the requirements of the design documentation and, during operation, be maintained in serviceable condition.
1271. When machines that have worked with pesticides and agrochemicals, organic fertilisers or treated seeds are being prepared for storage, they shall be cleaned, washed and degassed.
1272. Source materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and feed shall be stored with account taken of their physico-chemical properties, condition and overall dimensions. During storage, these substances shall not contaminate the premises or be sources of danger to workers.
1273. The raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products of economic entities carrying out activities in the field of agriculture shall undergo veterinary-sanitary and phytosanitary examination and have the corresponding conclusions.
1274. The storage of roughage, succulent and concentrated feed shall be carried out in accordance with the technological regulations approved by the employer or by another official authorised by the employer.
1275. The storage sites for roughage, succulent and concentrated feed and grain shall be equipped with lightning protection and primary fire-extinguishing means.
1276. The storage of agricultural products shall comply with the requirements of the technological regulations approved by the employer or by another official authorised by the employer.
1277. In the premises for the storage of source materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and production waste, instructions on the rules for the storage and dispensing of aggressive chemical substances shall be posted.
1278. Personal protective equipment, a first-aid kit and absorbing and neutralising substances shall be located in an accessible place in case of splashing or spillage of aggressive chemical substances.
1279. Hazardous chemical substances shall be received for storage in serviceable factory packaging or receptacles (containers, barrels, jars, cylinders, boxes, carboys, churns).
1280. Acids and alkalis shall be stored in dry premises equipped with ventilation. In all premises for the storage of chemical substances there shall be fire-extinguishing means.
1281. Substances and materials used in the performance of repair work shall be used and stored in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers' operational documentation.
1282. Solid mineral fertilisers, non-dusting ameliorants, powdered dust-like mineral fertilisers and powdered chemical ameliorants shall be stored in special enclosed premises (warehouses) and vessels (silos, storages) on the basis of conclusions issued annually by the state sanitary and epidemiological control (supervision) bodies confirming the compliance of the warehouses and of the conditions for the storage of the fertilisers.
1283. Liquid ammonia and liquid mineral fertilisers, including liquid complex fertilisers and liquid nitrogen fertilisers, shall be stored in special reservoir-type warehouses on the basis of conclusions issued annually by the territorial bodies of state sanitary and epidemiological control (supervision) confirming the compliance of the warehouses and of the conditions for the storage of the fertilisers with the requirements in force.
1284. Fertilisers in warehouses and storages shall be stored in accordance with their physico-chemical and toxic properties, their explosion and fire hazard, the required temperature regime that precludes any oxidising and corrosive effect on building materials and equipment, and the possibility of their joint placement.
1285. Before the start of work in warehouses equipped with supply-and-exhaust ventilation, 30-minute ventilation of the premises shall be carried out, and, in the absence of forced ventilation, their through-draught airing.
1286. In warehouses for the storage of fertilisers with the constant presence of workers, a special room shall be fitted out for eating meals and rest, for the storage of drinking water and food products and of home clothing (separately from work clothing and other personal protective equipment), outside the fertiliser storage zone. The presence of workers in a fertiliser warehouse is permitted only during acceptance, dispensing and in-warehouse work.
1287. The storage of fertilisers in soft or rigid containers (with the exception of ammonium nitrate), in stacks on sites with a hard surface and under canopies, is permitted.
1288. Fertilisers and ameliorants in soft containers shall be stored in two tiers. The lower tier (row) of the stack shall be placed on flat pallets. The angle of deviation of the container from the vertical axis shall not exceed 10°. When dismantling a stack, the bags shall be taken carefully, starting from the upper row; individual bags located in the lower row of the stack shall not be pulled out, without disturbing the stability of the stack and without allowing the upper bags to fall. It shall not be permitted to undercut overhangs or canopies, or to work near the sheer top of the overhanging edge of a pile or on the surface of a fertiliser pile.
1289. The dimensions of the sanitary protection zones shall correspond to the types of fertilisers stored and shall be: 1) the production of fertiliser mixtures - 100 metres; 2) open storages for manure and droppings - 1000 metres; 3) open storages for the biologically treated liquid fraction of manure, enclosed storages for manure and droppings, and warehouses for liquefied ammonia - 500 metres; 4) warehouses for the storage of more than 50 t of mineral fertilisers, warehouses and open shipment areas for dolomite and other dusting loads, and warehouses for dusting and liquid loads (aqueous ammonia, fertilisers) - 300 metres; 5) warehouses for the storage of up to 50 t of mineral fertilisers and land-reclamation facilities using livestock effluent - 100 metres.
1290. Bedding manure, composts and the solid fraction of liquid manure and effluent shall be stored on sites with a hard surface equipped with slurry collectors and with waterproofing that precludes the infiltration of manure effluent into the ground and groundwater. Semi-liquid and liquid manure, droppings and effluent shall be stored in special holding tanks.
1291. Ammonium nitrate, which is an oxidising agent and a fire-hazardous substance, shall be stored separately from any other materials and substances, since it is a strong oxidising agent capable, on contact and mixing with petroleum products, substances of organic origin (peat, straw, sawdust and others), traces of chloride of lime, superphosphate, acids, sulphur preparations, powders and oxides of certain metals (aluminium, copper, zinc, iron and others), of decomposing with the release of toxic oxides of nitrogen and oxygen. The released oxygen may cause the ignition of combustible materials; in a severe fire, the decomposition of ammonium nitrate may turn into an explosion, which may also occur under the action of detonators.
1292. Ammonium nitrate and other nitrogen-containing fertilisers shall be stored and transported while being protected from the ingress of various impurities and sparks and from heating and impacts.
1293. When handling ammonium nitrate, contamination of various rags and paper with ammonium nitrate (nitrate solutions) shall be precluded.
1294. The loosening of caked ammonium nitrate with a spark-forming tool or with the use of explosives shall be prohibited. The loosening of caked ammonium nitrate and the preparation of fertiliser mixtures with ammonium nitrate shall be carried out outside the warehouse premises, on a special site under a canopy.
1295. Warehouses (sites) intended for the storage of ammonium nitrate shall be clean and dry and shall be free of residues of materials (substances) previously used or stored on these sites (oil, solvents, roughage, peat and other materials (substances)).
1296. The storage of ammonium nitrate in containers and packages wrapped in heat-shrink film, on open sites with a hard surface, for 1 month after manufacture, is permitted.
1297. When handling ammonium nitrate, as well as other types of nitrogen-containing fertilisers, the safety measures specified on the container label of each preparation or in the instructions for use shall be observed.
1298. The storage of pesticides is permitted only in premises specially intended for this purpose.
1299. The delivery of pesticides to farms that do not have conclusions, issued by the federal executive body authorised to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, confirming the compliance of the warehouses and of the conditions for the storage of the preparations in them with the sanitary rules, shall not be permitted.
1300. The dimensions of the sanitary protection zones for warehouse premises intended for the storage of pesticides shall comply with the sanitary rules and norms in force.
1301. Warehouse territories intended for the storage of more than 50 tonnes of pesticides shall be provided with a water supply and a system for treating waste water from pesticides. On the territory of pesticide warehouses with a capacity of less than 50 tonnes, a site is allocated with waterproof neutralising wells or other vessels for the collection and decontamination of waste and wash water contaminated with pesticides.
1302. It shall be prohibited to use the premises of pesticide warehouses for the storage of food products, fodder or various items for household and domestic use.
1303. The storage of pesticides in warehouses shall be carried out in accordance with their physico-chemical and toxic properties, their explosion and fire hazard, the required temperature regime and the possibility of their joint placement.
1304. Pesticides shall be stored in undamaged receptacles. The bulk storage of pesticides shall not be permitted. In the event of damage to the integrity of the receptacles or the occurrence of spillages and leaks, the pesticides shall be repackaged into serviceable receptacles. The warehouse premises shall be kept clean, and cleaning of premises contaminated with pesticides is carried out in accordance with the decontamination requirements specified on the container label (recommendations for use).
1305. Before the start of work in warehouses equipped with supply-and-exhaust ventilation, 30-minute ventilation of the premises shall be carried out, and, in the absence of forced ventilation, their through-draught airing.
1306. Warehouses for the storage of pesticides shall provide for the presence of rooms: 1) for the storage and dispensing of pesticides. Where substances of the first hazard class are present, a separate isolated room or a designated compartment of a room under lock is provided for their storage and dispensing, which, after the end of work, shall be sealed. The same room shall be allocated for the storage and dispensing of fire-hazardous and explosion-hazardous substances; 2) for the cleaning and decontamination of workers' special clothing, special footwear and personal protective equipment.
1307. In warehouses for the storage of pesticides with the constant presence of workers, a special room is fitted out, outside the preparation storage zone, for eating meals and rest, for the storage of drinking water and food products and of home clothing (separately from work clothing and other personal protective equipment).
1308. Loading and unloading work and the cleaning, washing and decontamination of receptacles shall be mechanised. The selection of the means of mechanisation is carried out with account taken of the capacity of the warehouse.
1309. Pesticides shall be received at warehouses in receptacles meeting the requirements of the manufacturer's technical documentation for the specific preparation.
1310. The stacking of pesticides shall be carried out in stacks, on pallets and racks. The height of the stack, when preparations are stored in bags, metal drums, barrels with a capacity of not less than 5 l, cardboard and polymer cartons, boxes and flasks, may be up to three tiers. When racks are used, the stacking height may be increased. The minimum distance between the wall and the load shall be not less than 0.8 metres, between the ceiling and the load - 1 metre, and between the light fitting and the load - 0.5 metres. The storage of pesticides in bulk shall be prohibited. Liquid and powdered (granular, free-flowing) preparations are stored separately (in different sections). The stacking of barrels and churns with combustible liquid pesticides is carried out with the bungs upward.
1311. For opening metal receptacles with highly flammable or combustible pesticides, tools made of materials that do not produce sparks or that have a spark-quenching coating shall be used. It shall not be permitted to heat the bungs or to knock them out with blows of a chisel.
1312. The acceptance, storage and issue of pesticides are carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the specific preparation. The presence of the warehouse manager and other workers in the warehouse is permitted only during the acceptance and issue of pesticides and other short-term work. The presence of workers not directly engaged in work in the warehouse shall not be permitted. During non-working hours, the doors and windows of the warehouse shall be closed. The warehouse manager shall know the hazard class of the pesticides, their fire-hazardous and explosion-hazardous properties, their purpose and the rules for handling them, including the rules for decontamination in cases of spillage or scattering of preparations, and the first-aid measures for workers in cases of poisoning.
1313. Pesticides shall be dispensed from the warehouse in factory packaging in quantities corresponding to the work plans for one day. Where it is necessary to dispense smaller quantities, the pesticide shall be dispensed in receptacles freed from the storage of that pesticide. At the end of work, the unused residues, together with the receptacles, are returned to the warehouse, with the drawing up of a report or an entry in the pesticide accounting book (of receipts and expenditures).
1314. Waste water contaminated with pesticide residues and generated at pesticide storage warehouses shall be decontaminated before its discharge.
1315. Warehouses shall be provided with primary fire-extinguishing means (fire extinguishers, barrels of water, boxes of sand) necessary for extinguishing local seats of fire. In the compartment for fire-hazardous products there shall be fire extinguishers (not less than two per room), a barrel of water of 250 l, two buckets and a box of sand (0.5 m3).
1316. At pesticide storage locations, information on the rules of personal hygiene and on the provision of the necessary assistance in the event of poisoning is placed in prominent places in the warehouse.
1317. Free-flowing materials (sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag) shall have slopes with a steepness corresponding to the natural slope for that type of material. Free-flowing materials (except dust-like ones - cement, alabaster) may be stacked in stacks fenced with strong retaining walls. It shall be prohibited to take free-flowing materials from a stack by the method of undercutting, and also to pile stored materials against the fences of temporary or permanent buildings and structures.
1318. Dust-like materials (cement, alabaster) shall be stored in bunkers, silos, bins and other closed vessels that do not allow the dispersal of materials during unloading, loading and movement.
1319. Bitumen, at an above-zero temperature, shall be stored in receptacles that preclude its spreading, or in specially prepared pits with fencing.
1320. Cylinders with compressed gases shall be stored in special closed ventilated premises isolated from sources of open flame, welding sites and fuel and lubricant materials.
1321. Wiping material used during work shall, after use, be placed in specially designated places and, without allowing its accumulation, be disposed of.
1322. The stacking and storage of reused logs and boards left after the dismantling of auxiliary structures (formwork, scaffolding), after they have been cleaned of nails and staples, shall be arranged.
1323. The storage of primer, petrol and diesel fuel is permitted in vessels with tightly closing bungs in a separate room that is safe in fire terms. The bungs of barrels and churns shall be opened with the help of special keys that preclude sparking. Approaching receptacles holding primer, petrol or diesel fuel, and also the empty receptacles that held them, with an open flame is prohibited.
1324. Storing in one room drums of calcium carbide and cylinders with compressed gases, and also lubricant materials and cylinders with oxygen, acetylene and other explosion-hazardous and combustible gases, shall be prohibited.
1325. Explosive materials used in the performance of land-reclamation work shall be stored in premises meeting the requirements of the regulatory documents.
1326. Agricultural production waste that poses a danger to workers shall be removed from workplaces and premises as it accumulates and shall be decontaminated in accordance with the procedure established by the technological regulations approved by the employer or by another official authorised by the employer and developed in accordance with the requirements of the Rules.
1327. Agricultural production waste shall be collected, sorted and stored for a short time in places specially designated for this purpose.
1328. The production waste being placed shall be stacked in such a way as to preclude the possibility of its falling, tipping over or spilling, so that the accessibility and safety of its loading for dispatch to specialised enterprises for decontamination, processing or disposal is ensured.
1329. Waste containing potent poisonous substances shall be stored in special isolated premises, in vessels (bunkers, bins, vats) equipped with special devices ensuring their preservation and precluding contamination of workplaces or work zones.
1330. The removal of solid waste and the draining of spent acidic, alkaline and other hazardous solutions possessing toxic properties shall be carried out after their neutralisation.
1331. The receptacles used for the storage and transportation of waste shall be made of materials resistant to the effect of that type of waste and its individual components, atmospheric precipitation, temperature fluctuations and direct sunlight, and ensuring the proper performance of their cleaning and decontamination. The vessels used for the storage of liquid waste shall be installed on pallets ensuring the collection and retention of all spilled liquid. Glass receptacles used for the storage of liquid waste shall be placed in wooden or plastic boxes or have slatted crating. The walls of the boxes and crating shall be 5 cm higher than the sealed carboys and jars.
1332. Water generated as a result of the decontamination of equipment and the washing of personal protective equipment contaminated with pesticides shall be collected, neutralised and subjected to treatment, settling or thermal decontamination in accordance with the requirements of the Rules, after which it shall be used to the maximum extent in the recycling cycle.
1333. The disposal of waste shall be carried out with the maximum replacement of manual labour by means of mechanisation and automation.
1. Order 1.1. The performing authority __________________________________________________ (position, name of subdivision, surname and initials), with a work team of ___ persons, is instructed to carry out the following work: __ ___________________________________________________________________________ (content, characteristics, place of performance and volume of the work) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.2. Harmful and hazardous production factors that are present or may arise independently of the work being performed at the places of its performance: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.3. In preparing for and performing the work, the following labour protection actions shall be carried out: [table - reproduced in the Russian original] 1.4. To start the work: at __ h. __ min. "__" __________ 20__. 1.5. To finish the work: at __ h. __ min. "__" __________ 20__. 1.6. The order was issued by the person in charge of the work _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (name of position, surname and initials, signature) 1.7. Familiarised with the working conditions: Performing authority ___________ "__" ______ 20__ _______________________ (signature) (surname and initials) The person admitting to work ___________ "__" ______ 20__ _______________________ (signature) (surname and initials)
2. Admission 2.1. Labour protection instruction within the scope of the instructions _______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (specify the names or numbers of the instructions under which the briefing was conducted) has been conducted for a work team of ______ persons, including: [table - reproduced in the Russian original] 2.2. The labour protection actions have been carried out. The performing authority and the members of the work team have been familiarised with the specific features of the work. The facility has been prepared for the performance of work. The person admitting to work ____________ "__" ________ 20__ (signature) 2.3. Familiarised with the working conditions and having received the permit to work: Performing authority ____________ "__" ________ 20__ (signature) 2.4. I have checked the preparation of the workplace. I permit the commencement of the performance of work. The person in charge of the work ____________ "__" ________ 20__ (signature)
3. Performance of work 3.1. Registration of the daily admission to the performance of work [table - reproduced in the Russian original] 3.2. Changes in the composition of the work performers: [table - reproduced in the Russian original] 3.3. The work has been completed, the materials, tools and fixtures have been removed, and the workers have been withdrawn from the place of performance of work. The permit to work was closed at __ h. __ min. "__" _____ 20__. Performing authority ____________ "__" ________ 20__ (signature) The person in charge of the work ____________ "__" ________ 20__ (signature)